盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环(CPB)致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠40只,4～6月龄,体重330～420 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)仅进行动脉和静脉穿刺置管;急性肺损伤组(ALI组)、低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PL组)和高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH组)建立CPB模型;PL组和PH组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6和2.0 mg/kg,ALI组加入等容量生理盐水,进行CPB1h.于CPB前和CPB结束后2h采集动脉血样,进行血气分析;于CPB结束后2h时采集上腔静脉血样,测定血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度;取肺组织测定含水量、MDA含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)活性,光镜下观察病理学改变.结果 与S组比较,ALI组、PL组和PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2降低,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度升高,肺组织GSH-px活性降低(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,PL组和PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2升高,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度降低,肺组织GSH-px活性升高(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻;与PL组比较,PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2升高,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度降低,肺组织GSH-px活性升高(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻更明显.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6和2.0 mg/kg可减轻CPB致大鼠急性肺损伤,且与剂量有关,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应和炎性反应有关.     

戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB的影响

目的 探讨戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时NF-κB的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠35只,体重210～280 g,随机分为5组(n=7):对照组(C组)、ALI组和低、中、高剂量戊乙奎醚组(P1-3组).采用经尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg的方法建立大鼠ALI模型.C组和ALI组经腹腔注射生理盐水0.5 ml,P1～3组分别经腹腔注射戊乙奎醚0.03、0.1和3 mg/kg,30 min后ALI组、P1～3组制备AU模型,C组不制备模型.于静脉注射LPS后4 h时,行血气分析,计算氧合指数;称量肺组织湿重(W)、干重(D),计算W/D;采用比色法测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;采用RT-PCR法测定肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)mRNA的表达水平;采用ELISA法测定肺组织TNF-α和IL-1β的含量;采用非放射性EMSA法测定肺组织NF-κB活性;采用免疫组织化学法测定肺组织NF-κB的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余各组氧合指数降低,肺组织W/D和MPO活性、TNF-α,IL-1β含量及其相应mRNA表达水平、NF-κB活性和表达水平均升高(P<0.05或0.01);与ALI组比较,P1～3组氧合指数升高,肺组织W/D和MPO活性降低,TNF-α、IL-1β含量及其相应mRNA表达水平降低,NF-κB活性和表达水平降低(P<0.05);P1～3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠急性肺损伤的机制可能与抑制NF-κB的活化,下调NF-κB的表达,降低肺组织炎性反应有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响

目的研究盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响及其机制。方法40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组(n=8),对照组(C组):腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;模型组(L组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)5mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(DL组)、中剂量组(DM组)和高剂量组(DH组)分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.03 mg/kg、0.1 mg/kg、0.3 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg。LPS注射后4 h放血处死动物。检测肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)、肺通透性指数(LPI)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;检测支气管肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和中性粒细胞数;测定血清MDA水平和SOD活性;光镜观察肺组织形态学改变;电镜观察肺组织超微结构。结果与C组比较, L组、DL组、DM组和DH组肺W/D、肺含水量、LPI、支气管肺泡灌洗液LDH活性增加,支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞数和肺组织MPO活性、肺组织和血清MDA水平升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.05);与L组相比,DL组、DM组和DH组肺W/D、肺含水量、LPI、支气管肺泡灌洗液LDH活性降低,支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞数和肺组织MPO活性以及肺组织和血清MDA水平降低,SOD活性升高(P<0.05); DL组、DM组和DH组各指标组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。光镜、电镜观察:盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药各组肺组织病理学变化较L组减轻。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可减轻内毒素诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响.方法 健康成年Wistar大鼠24只,体重200～250 g,雌雄不限,随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、失血性休克致急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).S组仅行动、静脉穿刺,不制备急性肺损伤模型;ALI组和P组经右侧颈内动脉穿刺置管监测BP,左侧股动脉置管放血,通过放血和回输血液维持BP 35～45 mm Hg 1 h,然后回输全部失血及等同于失血量的生理盐水,制备急性肺损伤模型;P组于放血前即刻静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg. 于模型制备成功后6 h,采集右侧股动脉血样行血气分析,采用ELISA法测定右心房血浆TNF-α浓度,计算肺湿干重比,采用免疫组织化学法检测右肺组织NF-κB p65的表达,光镜下观察肺组织病理学.结果 与S组比较,Au组和P组PaO2降低,PaCO2、肺湿干重比、TNF-α浓度升高,NF-κB p65表达上调(P<0.05);与ALI组相比,P组PaO2升高,PaCO2、肺湿干重比、TNF-α浓度降低,NF-κB p65表达下调(P<0.05).病理结果显示:P组肺组织损伤较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过降低肺组织NF-κB的活性抑制炎性反应,从而减轻失血性休克诱发大鼠的急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒索性急性肺损伤时NF-kB活性的影响.方法 健康新生Wistar大鼠30只,雌雄不拘,日龄7 d,体重18～21 g,随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(C组)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).采用腹腔注射内毒素3 mg/kg的方法制备急性肺损伤模型,P组腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.5 mg/kg,30 min后制备模型,C组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水.于腹腔注射内毒素4 h时处死大鼠取肺,称重后计算肺湿,干重比,电镜下观察肺组织病理学结果,采用免疫组织化学法检测NF-kB p65的表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定TNF-α、IL-1 β及IL-10的含量.结果 与C组比较,ALI 组和P组肺湿/干重比、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10含量及NF-KB p65表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与ALI 组比较,P组肺湿/干重比、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10含量及NF-kBp65表达水平降低(P＜0.05).病理学结果显示:P组肺组织损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过抑制肺组织NF-kB活化,降低炎性反应,减轻新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine (PHCD) pretreatment on nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kB ) activity during lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced acute lung injury ( ALl ) in neonate rats.Methods Thirty 7-day old Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 18-21 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =10 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ LPS; group Ⅲ PHCD. Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ received intraperitoneal ( group IP) LPS 3 mg/kg. In group Ⅲ PHCD 5 mg/kg was administered IP at 30 min before LPS respectively. The animals were killed at 4 h after LPS administration. The lungs were immediately removed. The W/D lung weight ratio was measured. The TNF-α, IL-1 βand IL-10 content in the lung were detected by ELISA and expression of NF-kB p65 was detected by immuno-histochemical staining.Results LPS significantly increased W/D lung weight ratio, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-10 content and NF-kB p65 expression in the lung as compared with control group. PHCD administered before LPS significantly attenuated the LPS-induced changes. Electron microscopy showed that PHCD before LPS significandy ameliorated the LPS-induced histological damages. Conclusion Pretreatment with PHCD can attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury though inhibition of NF-kB activation and inflammatory response of lung tissue in neonate rats.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine (PHCD) pretreatment on nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kB ) activity during lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced acute lung injury ( ALl ) in neonate rats.Methods Thirty 7-day old Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 18-21 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =10 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ LPS; group Ⅲ PHCD. Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ received intraperitoneal ( group IP) LPS 3 mg/kg. In group Ⅲ PHCD 5 mg/kg was administered IP at 30 min before LPS respectively. The animals were killed at 4 h after LPS administration. The lungs were immediately removed. The W/D lung weight ratio was measured. The TNF-α, IL-1 βand IL-10 content in the lung were detected by ELISA and expression of NF-kB p65 was detected by immuno-histochemical staining.Results LPS significantly increased W/D lung weight ratio, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-10 content and NF-kB p65 expression in the lung as compared with control group. PHCD administered before LPS significantly attenuated the LPS-induced changes. Electron microscopy showed that PHCD before LPS significandy ameliorated the LPS-induced histological damages. Conclusion Pretreatment with PHCD can attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury though inhibition of NF-kB activation and inflammatory response of lung tissue in neonate rats.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤时β-抑制蛋白-1表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤时β-抑制蛋白-1表达的影响.方法 健康雌性昆明小鼠30只,体重18～20 g,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、脓毒症组(CLP组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHCD组).采用盲肠结扎穿孔法制备脓毒症模型.PHCD组于造模前1h腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.45 mg/kg,S组和CLP组给予等容量生理盐水.造模后12 h,收集肺泡灌洗液(BALF),测定总蛋白浓度;取肺组织,行肺损伤评分,测定肺湿/干重(W/D)比和肌球蛋白轻链激酶(MLCK)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、β-抑制蛋白-1的表达.结果 与S组比较,CLP组和PHCD组肺损伤评分、肺W/D比和BALF总蛋白浓度、肺组织MLCK表达升高,VE-cadherin表达降低,CLP组β-抑制蛋白-1表达降低,PHCD组β-抑制蛋白-1表达升高(P＜ 0.05或0.01);与CLP组比较,PHCD组肺损伤评分、肺W/D比和BALF总蛋白浓度、肺组织MLCK表达降低,VE-cadherin和β-抑制蛋白-1表达升高(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过上调β-抑制蛋白-1的表达,降低肺微血管通透性,从而减轻脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤时肺组织β-arrestin-2表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤时肺组织p抑制蛋白-2(β-arrestin-2)表达的影响.方法 健康雌性昆明小鼠30只,6周龄,体重18～20 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、脓毒症组(CLP组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(PHC组).CLP组和PHC组采用盲肠结扎并穿孔法制备脓毒症模型.PHC组于模型制备前1h时腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.45 mg/kg,S组和CLP组于模型制备前1h时腹腔注射等容量生理盐水.模型制备后12h时,采血和收集肺泡灌洗液测定肺通透性指数,采用化学比色法测定肺组织MPO活性,采用ELISA法测定肺组织IL-6含量,采用Western blot法测定肺组织β-arrestin-2蛋白表达,采用RT-PCR法测定肺组织β-arrestin-2 mRNA表达.结果 与S组比较,CLP组肺通透性指数、肺组织MPO活性和IL-6含量均升高,肺组织β-arrestin-2蛋白表达下调,β-arrestin-2 mRNA表达上调(p＜0.05),PHC组肺通透性指数、肺组织MPO活性和IL-6含量均升高,肺组织β-arrestin-2蛋白表达上调,β-arrestin-2 mRNA表达下调(p＜0.05).与CLP组比较,PHC组肺通透性指数、肺组织MPO活件和IL-6含量均降低,肺组织β-arrestin-2蛋白表达上调,β-arrestin-2 mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的机制可能与上调肺组织β-arrestin-2的蛋白表达有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时TLR4 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠40只,体重200～250 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、失血性休克致急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P1～3组).S组仅行动静脉穿刺,不放血,ALI组股动脉放血至35～45 mm Hg制备急性肺损伤模型,P1～3组分别于放血前30 min股静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0、3.0 mg/kg,随后制备急性肺损伤模型.各组复苏后4 h时处死大鼠取肺,称重后计算肺湿干重比,检测TLR4 mRNA和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平,观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,ALI组和P1组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比升高(P＜0.05或0.01),P2.3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALI组比较,P2,3组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);P2组和P3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).P2,3组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过抑制肺组织TLR4 mRNA表达上调,进而降低NF-κB活性,从而减轻失血性休克诱发大鼠的急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠96只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=32):对照组(C组)只麻醉,不制备模型;肺损伤组(ALI组);盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHcD组)模型制备后即刻,腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.砝码(300g)于95 cm高处自由落体撞击大鼠心前区以制备急性肺损伤模型.于模型制备后2、8、12和24h时取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,测定血清TNF-α浓度.于模型制备后8 h取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,行动脉血气分析,随后处死大鼠,取肺组织观察病理学结果,测定干/湿重比(W/D比)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和TLR4表达水平.结果 与c组比较,ALI组和PHCD组pH值和PaO2下降,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.01);与ALI组比较,PHcD组pH值和PaO2升高,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度降低(P＜0.05).PHcD组肺组织病理性损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可减轻大鼠胸部撞击诱发的急性肺损伤,其机制与下调肺组织TLR4表达,降低炎性反应有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by blunt chest trauma and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the lung tissues in rats.Methods Ninety-six male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 each):control group (group C), ALI group and PHCD group. ALI was induced by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs in anesthetized rats according to the method described by Raghavendran et al. PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after ALI was induced in group PHCD. Eight rats were selected at 2, 8, 12 and 24 h after ALI was induced, and arterial blood samples were collected for determination of the serum TNF-α concentration. Eight rats were selected at 8 h after ALI was induced, arterial blood samples collected for blood gas analysis and then the rats sacrificed. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TLR4 expression, and microscopic examination. Results The pH value and PaO2 were significantly lower, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration higher in groups ALI and PHCD than in group C (P ＜ 0.01 ). The pH value and PaO2 were significantly higher, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration lower in group PHCD than in group ALI ( P ＜ 0.05). The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in PHCD group as compared with ALI group. Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against blunt chest trauma-induced ALI, and the down-regulation of TLR4 expression in lung tissues and reduction of inflammatory response are involved in the mechanism.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响.方法 健康成年雌性SD大鼠120只,体重180 ～ 220 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=40):对照组(C组)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).采用腹腔注射内毒素5 mg/kg制备大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤模型.C组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,P组于注射内毒素前30 min时腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.于注射内毒素后2、4、8和24 h时各组随机取8只大鼠处死取肺,采用RT-PCR法检测肺组织HIF-1α mRNA的表达.于注射内毒素后6h时随机取8只大鼠处死取肺,测定湿干重比(W/D比),用ELISA法检测肺组织IL-6的含量,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组和P组注射内毒素后6h时W/D比、IL-6含量、各时点HIF-1α表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,P组注射内毒素后6h时W/D比、IL-6含量、各时点HIF-1α表达水平降低(P＜0.05).P组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药通过下调肺组织HIF-1α表达,抑制炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on apoptosis of lung tissues in rats with traumatic acute lung injury

Objective： To investigate the effects ofpenehyclidine hydrochloride on apoptosis of lung tissue cells and its mechanism in acute lung injury following blunt chest trauma in rats. Methods： Sprague Dawley （SD） rats （n=54） weighing （250-25） g were divided equally and randomly into three groups： normal control group （C group, n= 18）, trauma model group （T group, n= 18） and penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group （P group, n=18）. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the time points of 3, 12 and 24 hours after experiment （at each time point, n=6 for each subgroup）. Rats of P group were intraperitoneally injected with penehyclidine hydrochloride for 2 mg/kg immediately after blunt chest trauma and rats in its 24 hours subgroup were once again injected with penehyclidine hy- drochloride in the same dose 12 hours after injury. Lung tissue samples were collected at every time point and cell apoptosis in lung tissues were measured by TUNEL. Apoptotic index （AI） was calculated, expressions of bax and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining of SABC, and lung tissue sections were taken for light and electron microscopic observation. Results： As compared with C group, at every time point, AI and expressions ofbax and bcl-2 in T group were higher （P〈0.05）, and the ratio of bcl-2/bax markedly decreased （P〈0.05）, especially in the 24 hours subgroup. The ratio in T group （0.468±0.007） was lower than that in C group （1.382±0.058, t=12.5, P〈0.01）. Lung tissue injuries were significant under a light microscope, and the number of apoptotic cells increased obviously under a transmission electron microscope. As compared with T group at the same phase, AI and expression of bax decreased in P group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）, while the expression of bcl-2 increased significantly （P〈0.01）, and the ratio of bcl-2/bax markedly increased （P〈0.05）, especially in the 24 hours subgroup. The ratio in P group （1.012-0.070） was much higher than that in T group （0.468±0.007, t=-8.3, P〈0.01）. The injury of lung tissues was relieved, and apoptosis of cells decreased obviously under a transmission electron microscopic observation. Conclusions： Apoptosis and expressions ofbax and bcl-2 in lung tissues might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate lung injuries by inhibiting apoptosis of lung tissue cells, during which effects ofpenehyclidine hydrochloride on regulating expressions ofbax and bcl-2 may play an important role.     

戊乙奎醚对肢体缺血再灌注诱发大鼠肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨戊乙奎醚对肢体缺血再灌注诱发大鼠肺损伤的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠36只,体重250～300 g,随机分为4组(n=9):对照组(Ⅰ组)、肢体缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤组(Ⅱ组)、小剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(Ⅲ组)和大剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(Ⅳ组).Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组麻醉后双后肢缺血3 h,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别于股动脉开放前10 min肌肉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2、9 mg/kg,再灌注4 h快速取肺,计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D),透射电镜下观察肺组织超微结构,酶联免疫吸附法测定肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素(IL)-10含量.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组肺组织W/D及TNF-α、IL-10含量升高(P<0.01);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组肺组织W/D及TNDF-α含量降低、IL-10含量升高(P<0.01);与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组肺组织W/D及TNF-α含量降低、IL-10含量升高(P<0.01).结论 戊乙奎醚可减轻肢体缺血再灌注诱发大鼠肺损伤,且呈剂量依赖性,其机制与降低肺组织炎性反应有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4mRNA和Toll样受体2mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒索性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA和Toll样受体2(TLR2)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠60只,雌雄不拘,体重200～220g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=12),对照组(C组)、LPS组和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P1组～P3组).C组腹腔注射生理盐水2ml;LPS组腹腔注射LPS 8mg/kg;P1组～P3组分别腹腔注射LPS 8 mg/kg和盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg.给药结束后6 h时开胸,心室取血,并取肺组织,采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-α和Ib-6的浓度,RT-PCR法测定肺组织TLR4 mRNA和TLR2 mRNA 的表达水平,并观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,LPS组、P1组～P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05);与LPS组比较,P2组和P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05),P1组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与P1组比较,P2组和P1组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05);P2组和P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).P2组和P3组肺组织病理学损伤程度明显轻于LPS组.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可通过下调肺组织TLR4 mRNA和耵JR2 mRNA的表达,降低炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时肺氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响

目的评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)时肺氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响。方法清洁级健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,7日龄,体重12~18g。采用随机数字表法分为三组:盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHC组)、ALI组和生理盐水组(NS组),每组10只。PHC组和ALI组大鼠腹腔注射内毒素5.0mg/kg制备ALI模型。PHC组于内毒素注射前1h腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2.0mg/kg,NS组和ALI组给予等容量生理盐水。于注射内毒素4h后处死大鼠取肺组织标本,计算肺湿/干重比(W/D),采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)浓度,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定大鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,免疫组织化学法测定细胞色素C(Cyt-C)、半胱氨酸天冬蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的含量,TUNEL法计数凋亡细胞,计算细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果与NS组比较,ALI组和PHC组肺W/D和MDA浓度明显升高,SOD活性明显降低(P0.05);与ALI组比较,PHC组肺W/D和MDA浓度明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P0.05)。与NS组比较,ALI组和PHC组Cyt-C、Caspase-3含量和AI明显升高;与ALI组比较,PHC组Cyt-C、Caspase-3含量和AI明显降低(P0.05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚可能通过抑制肺组织氧化应激和细胞凋亡,减轻新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤。