七氟醚延迟预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌ARC表达的影响

目的 评价七氟醚延迟预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌带有Caspase富集功能域的凋亡抑制蛋白(ARC)表达的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠64只,体重270～350 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、心肌缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚+假手术组(S-S组)和七氟醚延迟预处理+心肌缺血再灌注组(S-VR组).S-S组和S-I/R组分别吸入33%氧气和2.5%七氟醚2 h,停止吸入后24 h行假手术或心肌缺血再灌注;I/R组和S-I/R组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注2 h的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型.于再灌注2 h时处死8只大鼠,取左心室组织,测定心肌梗死范围及细胞凋亡情况,计算凋亡指数,于缺血前即刻及再灌注2 h时各处死4只大鼠,取左心室组织,测定ARC及Caspase-8的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和S-I/R组心肌梗死范围及细胞凋亡指数升高,缺血前即刻S-S组和S-I/R组ARC表达上调,再灌注2 h时I/R组Caspese-8、表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,S-I/R组心肌梗死范围和细胞凋亡指数降低,再灌注2 h时S-S组和S-I/R组ARC表达上调,Caspase-8表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚延迟预处理可上调心肌ARC表达,减少细胞凋亡的发生,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane delayed preconditioning on caspase recruitment domain (ARC) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation (group S); myocardial I/R group; sevoflurane + sham operation group (group S-S) and sevoflurane delayed preconditioning + myocardial I/R group (group S-I/R) . Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion in groups I/R and S-I/R. Group S-S inhaled 33% oxygen for 2 h, and sham operation was performed 24 h later. Group S-I/R inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h, and then myocardial I/R was induced 24 h later. Eight animals were sacrificed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group and the hearts removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (IS/AAR) . Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index was calculated. Another 4 animals were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion to determine the expression of ARC and Caspase-8 in myocardium by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased in groups I/R and S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in groups S-S and S-I/R, and Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in group S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated, while Caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in groups S-S and S-I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion Sevoflurane delayed preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury through up-regulating the ARC expression and decreasing the myocardial apoptosis.     

Effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on p-IκBα in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion

Objective To observe the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of p-IκBα in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods Eighty -four male SD rats after setting up the model of I/R, randomly were divided into seven groups: ①Control group; ② Simple-Ischemic group received 30 min I/R merely; ③ SEVO group inhaled 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 30 min and 15 min wash-out followed by a 30 min I/R; ④ SEVO 165' group inhaled 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 30 min and then stoped for 165 min; ⑤ PTN group received PTN 500 μg/kg(NF-κB inhibitor) intraperitoneally 60 min before I/R; ⑥ PTN±SEVO group and⑦SEVO+PTN group received PTN 500 μg/kg 15 min before and after sevoflurane preconditioning. Myocardium sample of all groups were collected before and after the time of I/R or the corresponding point in time. p- IκBα was determined by Western Blotting. Results The expression of p- IκBαwas significantly up-regulated in SEVO group(22±3)and SEVO 165'group(20±4) than that in Control group (15±3) before I/R(P<0.05); After perfusion the expression of p- IκBαin Simple-Ischemic group(44±6)and SEVO group (30±3) was significantly up-regulated than that in Control group( 15±4,P<0.05);but the up-regulated adjustment of SEVO group was smaller than that in Simple-Ischemic group (P<0.05). Conclusion This study further confirmed NF-κB participates in the I/R injury and it may play an important role in the mechanism of sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection.     

Effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on p-IκBα in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion

Objective To observe the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of p-IκBα in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods Eighty -four male SD rats after setting up the model of I/R, randomly were divided into seven groups: ①Control group; ② Simple-Ischemic group received 30 min I/R merely; ③ SEVO group inhaled 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 30 min and 15 min wash-out followed by a 30 min I/R; ④ SEVO 165' group inhaled 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 30 min and then stoped for 165 min; ⑤ PTN group received PTN 500 μg/kg(NF-κB inhibitor) intraperitoneally 60 min before I/R; ⑥ PTN±SEVO group and⑦SEVO+PTN group received PTN 500 μg/kg 15 min before and after sevoflurane preconditioning. Myocardium sample of all groups were collected before and after the time of I/R or the corresponding point in time. p- IκBα was determined by Western Blotting. Results The expression of p- IκBαwas significantly up-regulated in SEVO group(22±3)and SEVO 165'group(20±4) than that in Control group (15±3) before I/R(P<0.05); After perfusion the expression of p- IκBαin Simple-Ischemic group(44±6)and SEVO group (30±3) was significantly up-regulated than that in Control group( 15±4,P<0.05);but the up-regulated adjustment of SEVO group was smaller than that in Simple-Ischemic group (P<0.05). Conclusion This study further confirmed NF-κB participates in the I/R injury and it may play an important role in the mechanism of sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection.     

PI3K-Akt信号通路在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PI3K-Akt)信号通路在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠96只,体重220～280g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为6组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚预处理组(SP组)、渥曼青霉素组(W组)、二甲基亚砜组(D组)和七氟醚预处理+渥曼青霉素组(SW组).采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.S组继续灌注180 min;I/R组平衡灌注30 min,缺血30 min,恢复灌注120 min;其余各组先平衡灌注15 min,SP组、W组、DMSO组和SW组分别用含2.4%七氟醚、100 nmol/L渥曼青霉察、20 μmol/L二甲基亚砜、2.4%七氟醚和100 nmol/L渥曼青霉素的K-H液灌注10 min,然后洗脱5 min,缺血30 min,恢复灌注120 min.各组随机取8个心脏,于平衡灌注末和再灌注15 min时,记录HR、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax).再灌注15 min时取心肌组织,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,计算凋亡指数;采用Western blot法测定磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)表达.再灌注120 min时,取8个心脏,采用TIC染色法测定心肌梗死体积.结果 与S组比较,其余各组HR、LVDP和±dp/dtmax降低,LVEDP升高,I/R组、SP组和D组心肌p-Akt表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组LVDP和±dp/dtmax升高,LVEDP和凋亡指数降低,心肌p-Akt表达上调,心肌梗死体积减小(P＜0.05),SW组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可通过激活PI3K-Akt信号通路减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase-Akt (PI3k-Akt) signal pathway in the attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sevoflurane preconditioning in isolated rat hearts. Methods Ninety-six adult male SD rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation group (group S); I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP); wortmannin group (group W); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D) and sevoflurane preconditioning + wortmannin group (group SW) . Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95%O2-5%C02 at 37 ℃ . The hearts were continuously perfused for 180 min in group S. After 15 min of equilibration, the isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion in SP, W, D and SW groups. Croups SP, W, D and SW received 10 min of perfusion with K-H solution containing 2. 4% sevoflurane, 100 nmol/L wortmannin, 20 μmol/L DMSO, and 2.4% sevoflurane + 100 nmol/L wortmannin, respectively, followed by 5 min washout before I/R. Eight hearts in each group were selected and HR, left ventricular end-diabetic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and ± dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of equilibration and at 15 min of reperfusion, Myocardial tissues were obtained at 15 min of reperfusion for determination of apoptosis (by TUNEL) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression (by Western blot) . Another 8 hearts were selected at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of myocardial infarct size by TTC staining. Result Compared with group S, LVDP and ± dp/dt,^ were significantly decreased and LVEDP was significantly increased in groups I/R, SP, W, D and SW, and myocardial p-Akt expression was up-regulated in groups I/R, SP and D ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, LVDP and ± dp/dtmax were significantly increased, LVEDP and apoptosis index were significantly decreased, myocardial p-Akt expression was up-regulated, and myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in group SP (P ＜0.05) . Conclusion Activation of PI3K-Akt signal pathway is involved in the attenuation of I/R injury by sevoflurane reconditioning in isolated rat hearts.     

不同时点应用维拉帕米对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察不同时点应用维拉帕米(VP)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并探讨其心肌保护的作用机制.方法 建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,将18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组6只.Verapamil-1组于结扎前10 min开始泵入维拉帕米稀释液(0.25 mg/kg),Verapamil-2组于再灌前10 min开始泵入维拉帕米稀释液(0.25 mg/kg),IR组于结扎前10 min开始泵人生理盐水(2ml/kg).再灌注后60min处死大鼠.检测血清肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)含量、缺血区心肌组织Caspase-3表达水平;组织形态学分析心肌损伤程度.结果　Verapamil-1组血清cTnT含量、心肌组织Caspase-3表达量(4.60±1.12)ng/L,(39.51±5.01)%较IR组(7.70±1.31)ng/L,(51.10±5.30)%和Verapamil-2组(7.23±1.03)ng/L,(49.35±4.95)%明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Verapamil-2组血清cTnT含量、心肌组织Caspase-3表达水平和IR组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Verapamil-1组心肌组织形态学损伤程度较IR组和Verapamil-2明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Verapamil-2组心肌组织形态学损伤程度和IR组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论　结扎前10 min开始给予维拉帕米对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有明显保护作用,再灌注前10 min开始给予维拉帕米对心肌缺血再灌注损伤无保护作用.

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Objective To investigate the effect of verapamil administered at different time points on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and explore the mechanism of myocardial protection.Methods The model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats was established and 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,n =6 each. Verapamil dilution (0. 25 mg/kg) was pumped into verapamil1 group 10 min before ischemia, and verapamil dilution (0. 25 mg/kg) was pumped into verapamil-2 group 10 min before reperfusion. Normal saline (2 ml/kg) was pumped into IR group 10 min before ischemia.Rats were killed 60 min after reperfusion. The levels of serum cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) and the expression of myocardial Caspase-3 were evaluated. Histomorphological methods were used to analyze the extent of myocardial injury. Results The levels of serum cTnT and the expression of myocardial Caspase-3 in verapamil-1 group (4.60 ± 1.12) ng/L, (39.51 ±5.01)% were significantly lower than those in IR group (7. 70 ± 1.31 ) ng/L, (51.10 ±5. 30)% and verapamil-2 group (7. 23 ± 1.03) ng/L, (49. 35 ±4. 95 ) % ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The levels of serum cTnT and the expression of myocardial Caspase-3 had no significant difference between verapamil-2 group and IR group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The extent of myocardial injury in verapamil-1 group was significantly lower than that in IR group and verapamil-2 group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The extent of myocardial injury had no significant difference between verapamil-2 group and IR group (P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Starting from 10 min before ischemia, verapamil has protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Starting from 10 min before reperfusion, verapamil does not provide protection on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.     

乌司他丁对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注时肺组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注时肺组织NF-κB表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠48只,体重230～260 g,采用随机数字表,将其随机分为3组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、肢体缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和乌司他丁组(U组).I/R组和U组采用夹闭双侧股动脉2 h再开放的方法 制备后肢缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤模型.分别于再灌注2、4 h时处死8只大鼠,取肺组织,计算肺组织湿/干重比,采用免疫组化法测定NF-κB表达水平,光镜下观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,I/R组肺组织湿/干重比升高,肺组织NF-κB表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,U组肺组织湿/干重比降低,肺组织NF-κB表达下调(P＜0.05).U组肺组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 乌司他丁可下调肺组织NFκB表达,从而减轻大鼠肢体缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on the expression of NF-κB in lung tissues during limb ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 230-260 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; ulinastatin group (group U).A rat model of lung injury induced by I/R of hind limbs which was produced by occlusion of the bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by reperfusion was established.The rats were sacrificed at 2 and 4 h of reperfusion(8 rats at each time point) and the lung tissues removed for determination of NF-κB expression (by immuno-histochemistry) and microscopic examination.W/D lung weight ratio was calculated.Results W/D lung weight ratio was significantly increased and NF-κB expression was up-regulated in group I/R compared with group S(P＜ 0.05). W/D lung weight ratio was significantly decreased and NF-κB expression was down-regulated in group U compared with group I/R (P＜0.05). The lung injury induced by I/R was reduced in group U compared with group I/R. Conclusion Ulinastatin can reduce the lung injury induced by limb I/R by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB in rat lung tissues.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).I/R组和SP组采用切除右肾然后夹闭左侧肾动脉45 min再开放的方法 制备肾缺血再灌注模型.SP组吸入2.2%七氟醚1 h,停止吸入后10 min时进行肾缺血.于再灌注2 h时采集静脉血样,测定血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和胱抑素C(Cys C)的浓度,取肾组织,光镜下及透射电镜下观察病理学结果,并根据肾小管病变程度进行Paller评分.结果 与S组比较,I/R组血清Cr和BUN浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显降低(P＜0.05).SP组肾组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 七氟醚预处理可减轻大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤.

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Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.     

七氟烷后处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of aevoflurane postconditioning on lung iscbemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and the mechanism involved. Methods Ninety-six male SD rots weighing 270-330 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 24 each): sham operation group (group S), group IR, sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SPr), and sevoflurane postconditioning group (group SPo). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 400 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. Lung IR was produced by occlusion of the hilum of the left lung for 45 min and then it was unclamped for reperfusion, in group SPr, sevoflurane was inhaled at the end-tidal concentration of 2.1% 30 min before lung ischemia. In group SPo, sevoflurane was inhaled at the end-tidal concentration of 2.1% immediately before reperfusiun. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of reperfnsion respectively. The TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations, and WBC count in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined.The percentage of PMN in WBC was calculated. The lungs were removed for determination of the cdntent of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in the lung tissues and microscopic examination. The apoptosis index (AI) was calculated by TUNEL assay. Lung injury was scored. Results The levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in lung tissues and BALF, AI, WBC count, percentage of PMN, and lung injury scores were significantly higher in group IR than in group S (P < 0.01). The content of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in lung tissues was significantly higher in group SPr and SPo than in group S (P < 0.01). The indices mentioned above were all significantly lower in group SPr and SPo than in group IR (P < 0.05 or 0.01). No significant differences were found in the indices mentioned above between group SPr and SPo (P > 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning can protect the lungs from IR injury by decreasing the inflammatory reaction and inhibiting the apoptosis in pulmonary vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells, and the effect is similar to that of sevoflurane preconditioning.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶在舒芬太尼预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在舒芬太尼预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～330 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=6):假手术组(S组)只穿线,不结扎;心肌缺血再灌注组(I/R组)采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30min,再灌注120 min的方法制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型;舒芬太尼预处理组(SF组)缺血前24 h经尾静脉输注舒芬太尼120μg/kg,输注时间30 min;舒芬太尼预处理+iNOS特异性抑制剂S-甲硫脲组(SF+SMT组)缺血前24 h经尾静脉输注舒芬太尼120μg/kg,缺血前10 min静脉注射SMT 10 mg/kg;SMT组缺血前10 min静脉注射SMT 10 mg/kg.于缺血前30 min、缺血30 min、再灌注120 min时记录HR和MAP,计算RPP(SP× HR).于再灌注120 min时取颈动脉血样2 ml,测定血浆NO浓度,随后取心脏制病理切片,测定缺血危险区(AAR)和梗死区(IS)体积,计算心肌梗死体积(IS/AAR),测定心肌iNOS表达.结果 与S组比较,余4组再灌注120 min时MAP和RPP降低,IS/AAR升高,I/R组和SMT组缺血30 min时MAP和RPP降低(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SF组、SF+SMT组和SMT组HR、MAP和RPP差异无统计学意义,SF+SMT组和SMT组IS/AAR和血浆NO浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),SF组IS/AAR降低,血浆NO浓度和心肌iNOS表达升高(P＜0.05).结论 iNOS参与了舒芬太尼预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的过程.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sufentanil preconditioning in rats. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats, weighing 250-330 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =6 each): sham operation group (group S),I/R group, sufentanil preconditioning group (group SF), sufentanil preconditioning + a specific inhibitor of iNOS S-methyl thiourea (SMT) group (group SF+ SMT) and S-methyl thiourea group (group SMT). In I/R,SF,SF+SMT and SMT groups, myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Group SF received 30 min infusion of sufentanil 120 μg/kg via caudal vein 24 h before ischemia. Group SF + SMT received infusion of sufentanil 120 μg/kg via caudal vein 24 h before ischemia and then SMT 10 mg/kg was injected 10 min before ischemia. In group SMT, SMT 10 mg/kg was injected 10min before ischemia. MAP and HR were recorded at 30 min before ischemia, at 30 min of ischemia and at the end of reperfusion. The rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated. Arterial blood samples were obtained immediately at the end of reperfusion to determine the plasma concentration of NO. Then the animals were sacrificed and myo cardial tissues were obtained to determine the area at risk (AAR), infarct size (IS) and iNOS expression. IS/AAR was calculated. Results Compared with group S, MAP and RPP were significantly decreased, while IS/AAR was significantly increased at 120 min of reperfusion in the other four groups, and MAP and RPP were significantly decreased at 30 min of ischemia in I/R and SMT groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, no significant change was found in HR, MAP and RPP in SF, SF + SMT and SMT groups, and in IS/AAR and plasma NO concentrations in SF + SMT and SMT groups ( P ＞ 0.05), but IS/AAR was significantly decreased, and the plasma NO concentration and iNOS expression were significantly increased in group SF ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion iNOS is involved in reduction of myocardial I/R injury by sufentanil preconditioning in rats.     

JNK信号通路在异氟醚预处理和七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖损伤中的作用

目的 评价c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路在异氟醚预处理和七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖(OGD)损伤中的作用.方法雄性成年SD大鼠,体重270～290 g,断头处死,剥离海马,制备海马脑片.取大鼠海马脑片96张,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为8组(n=12):对照组(C组)、OGD组、异氟醚预处理组(Iso组)、七氟醚预处理组(Sevo组)、SP600125+异氟醚预处理组(SP+Iso组)、SP600125+七氟醚预处理组(SP+Sevo组)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)+异氟醚预处理组(DMSO+Iso组)和DMSO+七氟醚预处理组(DMSO+Sevo组).采用电生理技术,细胞外记录CA1区群锋电位(PS)波幅,计算PS恢复程度.采用碘化丙啶染色法,测定细胞活力.结果 与C组比较,其余各组PS恢复程度和细胞活力降低(P＜0.01);与OGD组比较,Iso组、Sevo组、SP+Iso.组、SP+Sevo组、DMSO+Iso组和DMSO+Sevo组PS恢复程度和细胞活力升高(P＜0.01);与180组比较,SP+Iso组PS恢复程度和细胞活力升高(P＜0.01),DMSO+Iso组PS恢复程度和细胞活力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与Sevo组比较,SP+Sevo组PS恢复程度和细胞活力升高(P＜0.01),DMSO+Sevo组PS恢复程度和细胞活力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 异氟醚预处理和七氟醚预处理可通过抑制JNK信号通路,减轻大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning and sevoflurane preconditioning against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in rat hippocampal slices. Methods Male adult SD rats weighing 270-290 g were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The hippocampi were removed and sagittally sliced (400 μm thick) and placed in artificial cerebral spinal fluid aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 . Ninety-six hippocampal slices were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12 each): control group (group C), OGD group, isoflurane preconditioning group (group Iso),sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Sevo) , SP600125 + isoflurane preconditioning group (group SP + Iso),SP600125 +sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP + Sevo), DMSO + isoflurane preconditioning group (group DMSO + Iso) and DMSO + sevoflurane preconditioning group (group DMSO + Sevo). Electrophysiological technique was used to record the amplitude of population spike ( PS) in the stratum pyramidale of CA1 region and the degree of recovery of PS was calculated. The cell viability was determined by propidium iodide staining. Results Compared with group C, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly decreased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group OGD, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in groups Iso, Sevo, SP+Iso, SP+Sevo, DMSO+ Iso and DMSO + Sevo (P＜ 0.01). Compared with group Iso, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in group SP+Iso ( P ＜ 0.01) , while no significant change was found in group DMSO + Iso ( P ＞ 0.05) . Compared with group Sevo, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in group SP + Sevo ( P ＜ 0.01) , while no significant change was found in group DMSO + Sevo ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning and sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate the OGD injury to rat hippocampal slices through inhibiting JNK signaling pathway.     

七氟醚或缺血预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时ERK和CaM表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚或缺血预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)和钙调素(CaM)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠24只,体重270～320 g,随机分为4组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)、缺血预处理组(IP组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).IR组采用夹闭左肺门45 min恢复灌注120 min的方法制备肺缺血再灌注损伤模型,IP组缺血前夹闭左肺门缺血5 min恢复灌注5 min,连续2次,SP组缺血前吸人2.1%七氟醚30 min.于再灌注120 min时取左肺组织,测定TNF-α和IL-6含量、ERK mRNA和CaM mRNA的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组、IP组和SP组肺组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量、ERK mRNA和CaM mRNA的表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,IP组和SP组肺组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量和CaM mRNA的表达水平降低,ERK mRNA表达水平升高(P＜0.05);SP组和IP组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论七氟醚预处理和缺血预处理均通过下调CaM表达和上调ERK表达减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

丙泊酚对大鼠缺血再灌注肾NF-κB、TNF-α表达的影响

目的 研究丙泊酚对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤后肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumornecrosisfactor-α,TNF-α）、核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κxB,NF-κB）表达的影响。方法 24只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术对照组（A组）,肢体缺血再灌注组（B组）和丙泊酚干预组（C组）,每组8只。采用免疫组织化学方法检测TNF-α、NF-κB的表达,行图像分析半定量。结果 B组大鼠肾组织中TNF-α、NF-κB的表达明显高于A组（P〈0．05）,C组明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论 肢体缺血再灌注后有明显肾损伤,丙泊酚对肢体缺血再灌注肾损伤有一定程度的保护作用,其机制可能与下调大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤肾组织中TNF-α、NF-κB的过度表达有关。     

异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时TLR4和MyD88表达的影响

目的 评价异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时Toll样受体4(TLR4)和髓样分化因子88(MyD88)表达的影响.方法 雄性成年SD大鼠54只,体重250～300 g,随机分为3组(n=18):假手术组(S组)仅分离血管,不留置线栓;脑缺血再灌注组(IR组)采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血2 h,再灌注24 h;异氟醚预处理(IP组)吸入2%异氟醚,1h/d,连续5 d,处理结束后24 h时制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.再灌注24 h时进行神经功能缺陷评分,然后每组处死3只大鼠,测定脑梗死体积.分别于再灌注24、48和72 h时,处死5只大鼠,取右侧大脑缺血部位额叶皮质,采用Western blot法测定TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组和IP组神经功能缺陷评分升高,脑梗死体积增大,IR组TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的表达均上调,IP组MyD88和NF-κB的表达上调(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,IP组神经功能缺陷评分降低,脑梗死体积减小,TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的表达均下调(P＜0.05).结论 异氟烷预处理可通过抑制脑组织TLR4和MyD88的表达,减轻炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

七氟烷预处理对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤大鼠心肌NF—κBp50活性表达的影响

目的观察七氟烷预处理对心肌缺血／再灌注大鼠心肌核因子-κB（NF-κB）p50表达的影响,进而探讨NF-κB在七氟烷预处理保护机制中的作用。方法SD雄性大鼠70只,随机分为7组。空白对照组;单纯缺血组;七氟烷组于吸入2．4％七氟烷30min,继之15min药物排出后进行心肌缺血／再灌注;七氟烷对照组吸入七氟烷30min后停止吸入165min;小白菊内酯（parthenolide,PTN）组于缺血前15min腹腔内注射NF-κB特异性抑制剂PTN500μg／kg;PTN＋七氟烷组于七氟烷预处理前15min腹腔内注射PTN500μg／kg;七氟烷＋PTN组于预处理后即刻腹腔内注射门N500μg／kg。建立大鼠心肌缺血,再灌注损伤的在体模型,阻断左冠状动脉前降支30min,再灌注120min,分别于大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注前、后或相应时间点取心肌标本。采用western blot法测定NF-κBp50的蛋白表达。结果缺血前七氟烷组较空白对照组NF-κBp50蛋白表达明显上调（P〈0．05）;缺血后与空白对照组比较,单纯缺血组、七氟烷组NF-κBp50蛋白表达显著增多（P〈0．05）;与单纯缺血组比较,七氟烷组NF-κBp50蛋白表达显著减少（P〈0．05）;缺血后七氟烷组较缺血前七氟烷组NF-κBp50蛋白表达显著减少（P〈0．05）.结论七氟烷预处理期间NF-κBp50大量激活,抑制了心肌缺血／再灌注后期NF-κBp50蛋白的表达,该作用被PTN所阻断,NF-κBp50可能参与了七氟烷预处理的心肌保护机制。     

七氟烷预处理对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠心肌NF-κBp50活性表达的影响

目的 观察七氟烷预处理对心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠心肌核因子-κB(NF-κB)p50表达的影响,进而探讨NF-κB在七氟烷预处理保护机制中的作用.方法 SD雄性大鼠70只.随机分为7组.空白对照组;单纯缺血组;七氟烷组于吸入2.4%七氟烷30 min,继之15 min药物排出后进行心肌缺血,再灌注;七氟烷对照组吸入七氟烷30 min后停止吸入165 min;小白菊内酯(parthenolide.PTN)组于缺血前15 min腹腔内注射NF-κB特异性抑制剂PTN 500 μg/kg;PTN+七氟烷组于七氟烷预处理前15 min腹腔内注射PTN 500μg/kg;七氟烷+PTN组于预处理后即刻腹腔内注射PTN 500 μg/kg.建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的在体模型,阻断左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注120 min,分别于大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注前、后或相应时间点取心肌标本.采用western blot法测定NF-κB p50的蛋白表达.结果 缺血前七氟烷组较空白对照组NF-κB p50蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05);缺血后与空白对照组比较,单纯缺血组、七氟烷组NF-κB p50蛋白表达显著增多(P<0.05);与单纯缺血组比较,七氟烷组NF-κB p50蛋白表达显著减少(P<0.05);缺血后七氟烷组较缺血前七氟烷组NF-κB p50蛋白表达显著减少(JP相似文献   

Effect of Shenfu injection on nuclear factor-kB during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Objective: To investigate effects of Shenfu injection on the concentrations of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), activity of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) and heart tissue ultrastructure during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and its potential mechanism.Methods: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was produced by ligation and release of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ischemia lasted for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min. Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighing 230-280 g were randomly divided into three groups (n=8, each): Group I (Sham-operation group); Group II (I/R group); Group III (Shenfu group), in which Shenfu injection (10 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before ischemia in animals with I/R. The plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA, and the heart was harvested for determination of NF-κB levels by Ecl-western blot analysis. Electron microscopy was used to study its ultrastructure.Results: After reperfusion, NF-κB binding activity in myocardial nuclei and the plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in Group II, compared with Group I (P<0.01), and they were markedly reduced in Group III, compared with Group II (P<0.01). In addition, electron microscopic examination showed more serious injury of the myocardium ultrastructure in Group II, while in Group III the myocardial ultrastructure was similar to normal state.Conclusions: Shenfu injection inhibits NF-κB activity in I/R myocardium and leads to down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression, which might be one of the molecular mechanisms of Shenfu injection in cardioprotection.     

线粒体通透性转换孔在七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 探讨线粒体通透性转换孔(mPTP)在七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠80只,体重250～300 g,随机分为5组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、七氟醚延迟预处理组(SP组)、mPTP开放剂苍术苷+七氟醚延迟预处理组(A+SP组)和苍术苷组(A组).IR组、SP组、A+SP组和A组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min后进行再灌注的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型.SP组和A+SP组吸入2.5%七氟醚l h,其余组吸入纯氧1 h,停止吸入后24 h进行心肌缺血.A+SP组和A组在缺血前15 min经尾静脉注射苍术苷5 mg/kg.再灌注120 min时采集颈动脉血样,测定血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度.然后处死大鼠,测定心肌梗死体积,检测心肌组织Bcl-2及Bax表达水平,电镜下观察心肌超微结构.结果 与S组比较,其他各组血清cTnI浓度升高,心肌梗死体积扩大,Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调(P＜0.05).与IR组比较,SP组血清cTnI浓度降低,心肌梗死体积缩小,Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调(P＜0.05),心肌病理学损伤减轻.苍术苷可取消七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的效应(P＜0.05).结论 抑制mPTP开放后可导致Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调,参与了七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

丙泊酚对大鼠缺血-再灌注脑TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB的影响

目的 研究丙泊酚对缺血性脑炎性因子表达的影响.方法 SD大鼠30只随机分为假手术对照(S)组、脑缺血-再灌注(IR)组(双侧颈总动脉夹闭造成暂时性脑缺血)、丙泊酚预处理(PP)组(缺血前60 min输注丙泊酚50 mg·kg-1·h-1),丙泊酚后处理(PA)组(再灌注后10 min给予丙泊酚50 mg·kg-1·h-1)以及不行脑缺血丙泊酚(P)组(输注丙泊酚50 mg·kg-1·h-1),每组6只.用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定脑组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10),用同位素([32P]-ATP)方法测定脑内核因子-κB(NF-κB)的变化.结果 与S组比较,IR组TNF-α明显增高[(2.57±0.19)Pg/g vs.(1.60±0.15)pg/g](P<0.05),同时IL-10明显增高[(11.59±1.32)pg/gvs.(7.97±1.96)pg/g](P<0.05).与IR组比较,PP组TNF-α明显减低[(1.88±0.26)pg/g vs.(2.57±0.19)pg/g](P<0.05),IL-10水平明显降低[(8.35±1.00)pg/g vs.(11.59±1.32)Pg/g](P<0.05),NF-κB活性明显减低.PA组TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB与IR组差异无统计学意义.IL-10和NF-κB水平与TNF-α活性呈现平行变化关系.结论 脑缺血前丙泊酚预处理可抑制脑的炎性介质TNF-α、IL-10和NF-κB的增高,但脑缺血-再灌注后应用丙泊酚对缺血性炎性介质的增高没有抑制作用;丙泊酚对缺血性炎性介质TNF-α的作用可能与抑制NF-κB转导途径有关.     

XBP1信号转导通路对大鼠移植肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其机制

目的 探讨内毒素(LPS)激活X盒结合蛋白1(XBP1)信号转导通路对移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其机制.方法 以雄性SD大鼠为供、受者,分为冷缺血转染组、活体转染组和对照组,以两袖套法建立肝移植模型.冷缺血转染组大鼠于冷缺血期经门静脉灌注转染携带XBP1短发夹干扰RNA的质粒(pSIXBP1);活体转染组大鼠在门静脉袖套吻合完成后经门静脉分支注入pSIXBP1;对照组不予任何处理.分别于移植肝门静脉恢复再灌注后60和180 min处死大鼠,光镜观察肝组织病理损害程度,逆转录聚合酶链反应及蛋白免疫印记法测定肝组织XBP1 mRNA和XBP的表达水平;酶连免疫吸附试验检测肝组织核因子κB(NF-κB)的活性及血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量.结果 再灌注后180 min,冷缺血转染组病理损害程度、XBP1 mRNA含量和XBP1含量低于活体转染组和对照组(P＜0.05),该组TNF-α的表达水平为(584.94±15.97)pg/ml,低于活体转染组和对照组(P＜0.05).而再灌注后180 min时,3组NF-κB活性的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 XBP1通路与NF-κB通路在大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中对TNF-α基因的调控作用是两个相对独立的环节,XBP1短发夹RNA干扰技术能有效减轻肝移植时的缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the regulation mechanism of X box binding protein 1 (XBP1)signal transduction pathway for TNF-α and effective approach in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of liver transplantation for short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference used to gene therapy in liver graft.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the cold ischemia transfection group (CIT), the in vivo transfection group (IVT) and the control group. Experiments of orthotopic liver transplantation were performed by two cuff method. The rats in CIT were perfused with XBP1-shRNA plasmid (pSIXBP1) during cold ischemia phase, those in IVT received the equivalent volume (2 ml) of pSIIRAK 4 after portal vein inoculation, and those in the control group were not subjected to any treatment. Rats were killed at 60 or 180 min after restoring reperfusion of hepatic portal vein.Histopathological damage degree of graft liver was observed by light microscope. The expression levels of XBP1 gene and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The activities of NF-κB and the serum TNF-α level were detected by ELISA. Results All the indexes including the degree of histopathological damage, the expression levels of XBP1 mRNA and protein and the TNF-α level were significantly decreased in CIT as compared with IVT and control group (P＜0. 05). However,there was no significant difference in NF-κB activity among the three groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusion The role of XBP1 pathway in TNF-α gene regulation and that of NF-κB pathway in rat liver I/R injury are two relatively independent aspects, and the depression of XBP1 expression with XBP1 shRNA through portal vein perfusion during cold ischemia phase could effectively alleviate graft hepatic I/R     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在心肌缺血预处理中的变化及其意义

目的 探讨缺血预处理(IP)对心肌细胞的保护机制.方法 在我院行瓣膜置换手术的患者36例,根据是否采取缺血预处理分为预处理组(20例)和对照组(16例),比较两组炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和心肌细胞bcl-2、Caspase-3的变化,观察IP对机体炎症反应的影响.结果 两组患者细胞因子TNF-α均在主动脉开放6 h时达到高峰,术后5 d恢复到术前水平.预处理组开放后6 h、术后1 d、术后2 d TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).复灌后对照组心肌细胞bcl-2蛋白表达轻度提高,与阻断前比较差异无统计学意义;而复灌后IP组心肌细胞bcl-2蛋白表达明显提高,与阻断前和对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组复灌后心肌细胞Caspase-3、TNF-α蛋白表达显著提高,IP组心肌细胞中Caspase-3、TNF-α蛋白表达也增高,但比对照组降低,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后2 d血清TNF-α与bcl-2呈负相关;术后2 d血清及开放后心肌TNF-α与Caspase-3有相关性.结论 缺血预处理可能通过降低机体的炎症反应途径达到心肌细胞保护的效果.