卵巢周期对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 评价卵巢周期对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法 择期拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者加例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20.加岁,体重指数20～25 kg/m2,根据孕酮水平分为卵泡期组(F组,血清孕酮浓度0.31～1.52 ng/ml)和黄体期组(L组,血清孕酮浓度5.16～18.56 ng/ml),每组20例.麻醉诱导时靶控输注异丙酚,初始血浆靶浓度2 μg/ml,达到预期血浆靶浓度后每隔30 s递增0.5μg/ml直至患者意识消失及BIS值降至50.记录患者意识消失时的BIS值、异丙酚血浆靶浓度,记录BIS值降至50时的异丙酚血浆靶浓度.结果 与L组比较,F组意识消失时和BIS值降至50时的异丙酚血浆靶浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01),意识消失时的BIS值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 卵巢周期可影响异丙酚的镇静效应,表现为卵泡期的镇静效应低于黄体期.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of ovarian cycle on the sedative effect of propofol in patients. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 20-40 yr, with body mass index 20-25 kg/m2 , scheduled for elective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery, were divided into 2 groups according to the progesterone level ( n = 20 each): follicular phase group (group F, serum progesterone concentration 0.31-1.52 ng/ml) and luteal phase group (group L, serum progesterone concentration 5.16-18.56 ng/ml). Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and iv injection of fentanyl and cisatracurium. The initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set at 2 μg/ml, after the Cp reached the predetermined level, the Cp increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 30 s until the patients lost consciousness and BIS value was decreased to 50. The BIS value and Cp of propofol was recorded when the patients lost consciousness. The Cp of propofol was also recorded when BIS value was decreased to 50. The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol combined with remifentanil. BIS value was maintained at 45-55 by adjusting the Cp of propofol. Results The Cps of propofol were significantly higher when the patients lost consciousness and when BIS value was decreased to 50 in group F than in group L ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) . There was no significant difference in BIS value when the patients lost consciousness between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Ovarian cycle can affect the sedative effect of propofol in patients, which shows that the sedative effect during the follicular phase is lower than that during the luteal phase.     

靶控输注国产与进口异丙酚药效学的比较

目的 比较靶控输注国产与进口异丙酚的药效学.方法 采用随机、双盲、交叉试验设计.择期拟行肌袢代瓣术的双下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者18例,年龄45～55岁,体重指数18.5～22.9 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,患者随机进人流程Ⅰ或流程Ⅱ,一期手术麻醉诱导时应用进口异丙酚,二期手术应用国产异丙酚为流程Ⅰ,反之为流程Ⅱ.异丙酚血浆靶浓度从0.5μg/ml开始,血浆浓度和效应室浓度平衡后,以0.5μg/ml递增,直至效应室浓度达3.5μg/ml,静脉注射瑞芬太尼2μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg诱导气管插管后行机械通气.记录效应室浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0和3.5μg/ml时BIS值、呼吸频率、SpO2和血液动力学指标,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚用量和效应室浓度,采用概率单位法计算5%、50%及95%患者意识消失时的效应室浓度和BIS值,观察不良反应的发生情况.结果 相同效应室浓度国产和进口异丙酚靶控输注时,患者BIS值、呼吸频率、SpO2和血液动力学各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);5%、50%及95%患者意识消失时国产和进口异丙酚的BIS值和效应室浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);国产和进口异丙酚的药物用量及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 国产异丙酚与进口异丙酚具有临床生物等效性.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical pharmacodynamics of domestic and imported propofol by target-controlled infusion. Methods This was a prospective,randomized,double-blind,cross-over study. Eighteen ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 45-55 yr undergoing substitute valve operation for severe deep venous were randomly divided into sequential Ⅰ and Ⅱ , in sequence Ⅰ , the imported propofol was applied in the first stage of surgery and then domestic propofol in the second stage surgery, while in sequence Ⅱ the order was reversed. The target plasma concentration of propofol was initially set at 0.5 μg/ml, followed by increments of 0.5 μg/ml when the effect-site concentration and plasma concentrations was balanced, until the predicted effect-site concentrations reached 3.5 μg/ml. BIS value, RR, SpO2 and hemodynamics were recorded at 0,0.5, 1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 and 3.5 μg/ml effect-site concentration level, the predicted effect-site concentrations and the BIS value at loss of consciousness in 5%, 50% and 95% of the patients were calculated. Adverse reactions were recorded during the trial period.Results Under the same effect-site concentration,there was no significant difference in BIS value,RR, SpO2 and hemodynamic monitoring indicators between the two drugs( P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference in predicted effect-site concentrations of propofol, the BIS value at loss of consciousness in 5%, 50% and 95% of the patients and the incidence of adverse reaction between the two drugs ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The domestic propofol and imported propofol have clinical bioequivalence.     

舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制前列腺电切术老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 拟行TURP的患者22例,年龄65～79岁,体重47～81 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,异丙酚达到靶浓度后开始TCI舒芬太尼;采用序贯法,按照患者是否发生尿道镜置入反应确定舒芬太尼的效应室靶浓度,初始效应室靶浓度为0.3 ng/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.计算舒芬太尼的EC50及其95%可信区间.结果 舒芬太尼抑制尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.12～0.44 ng/ml.结论 复合TCI异丙酚(血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml)时,舒芬太尼抑制TURP老年患者尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration (EC50 ) of sufentanil inhibiting the urethroscope insertion response when combined with propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in the elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) . Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients, aged 65 -79 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing TURP, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was performed with TCI of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was 4 μg/ml. The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The initial target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was 0.3 ng/ml and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. The ECW and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil required to inhibit the response to urethroscope insertion were calculated. Results The EC50 of sufentanil required to inhibit the urethroscope insertion response was 0.23 ng/ml (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.44 ng/ml). Conclusion When combined with propofol by TCI (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml), the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting the response to urethroscope insertion is 0,23 ng/ml in the elderly patients undergoing TURP.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟在全身麻醉下行妇科手术患者80例,ASA 分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=20):R0组不使用瑞芬太尼;R1～3组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为1、2、3ng/ml.麻醉诱导开始时先靶控输注瑞芬太尼,达设定效应室靶浓度后,再以血浆靶浓度0.6μg/ml为起点开始靶控输注依托咪酯,此后每分钟增加依托咪酯的血浆靶浓度0.1 μg/ml直至患者意识消失及对伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失.记录患者意识消失及对伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯的效应室靶浓度,采用Probit法计算EC50.结果 随瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度升高,患者意识消失时和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯的EC50逐渐降低(P<0.05).结论 靶控输注1、2.3 ng/ml的瑞芬太尼可呈浓度依赖性地强化依托咪酯的镇静镇痛作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) ofremifentanil on the median effective concentration (EC50 ) of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 18-64 yr scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 each): group R0 received no remifentanil and R1-3 groups received remifentanil at 3 predetermined target Ces of 1,2 and 3 ng/ml respectively. At the beginning of anesthesia induction, remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) until the predetermined Ces were achieved, TCI of etomidate was then started at a target plasma concentration of 0.6 μg/ml and then the target plasma concentration of etomidate increased by 0.1 μg/ml every 1 min until the patients lost consciousness and the body movement induced by the nociceptive stimuli disappeared. The Ce of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body move-ment was recorded and the EC50 was calculated by Probit method. Results With the increase in the target Ces of remifentanil, the EC50 of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement decreased gradually (P < 0.05) .Conclusion Remifentanil given by TCI can enhance the sedative and analgesic effect of etomidate concentration-dependently.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) ofremifentanil on the median effective concentration (EC50 ) of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 18-64 yr scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 each): group R0 received no remifentanil and R1-3 groups received remifentanil at 3 predetermined target Ces of 1,2 and 3 ng/ml respectively. At the beginning of anesthesia induction, remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) until the predetermined Ces were achieved, TCI of etomidate was then started at a target plasma concentration of 0.6 μg/ml and then the target plasma concentration of etomidate increased by 0.1 μg/ml every 1 min until the patients lost consciousness and the body movement induced by the nociceptive stimuli disappeared. The Ce of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body move-ment was recorded and the EC50 was calculated by Probit method. Results With the increase in the target Ces of remifentanil, the EC50 of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement decreased gradually (P < 0.05) .Conclusion Remifentanil given by TCI can enhance the sedative and analgesic effect of etomidate concentration-dependently.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) ofremifentanil on the median effective concentration (EC50 ) of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 18-64 yr scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 each): group R0 received no remifentanil and R1-3 groups received remifentanil at 3 predetermined target Ces of 1,2 and 3 ng/ml respectively. At the beginning of anesthesia induction, remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) until the predetermined Ces were achieved, TCI of etomidate was then started at a target plasma concentration of 0.6 μg/ml and then the target plasma concentration of etomidate increased by 0.1 μg/ml every 1 min until the patients lost consciousness and the body movement induced by the nociceptive stimuli disappeared. The Ce of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body move-ment was recorded and the EC50 was calculated by Probit method. Results With the increase in the target Ces of remifentanil, the EC50 of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement decreased gradually (P < 0.05) .Conclusion Remifentanil given by TCI can enhance the sedative and analgesic effect of etomidate concentration-dependently.     

七氟醚和异丙酚复合麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术患者脑血流量和颅内压的比较

Objective To compare the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intracranial pressure (ICP) during laparoscopic gynecologic surgery performed under propofol and sevoflurane combined anesthesia.Methods Forty ASAⅠ orⅡ patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 44-69 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each):propofol group (group P) and sevoflurane group (group S).Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol (Ce 4μg/ml) in group P or 8% sevoflurane in group S combined with TCI of remifentanil (Ce 6 ng/ml).Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 35-40 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol or sevoflurane.inhalation combined with TCI of remifentanil.BIS value was maintained at 45-50 by adjusting Ce of propofol or concentration of sevoflurane.Intraabdominal pressure (IAP) was maintained at 12-14 mm Hg.Transcranial Doppler monitoring wag used.Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and pulsatility index (PI) were recorded at 5 min after supine position(T1)and 5 min after supine lithotomy position before induction(T2),while tracheal tube was being inserted(T3),5 min after tracheal intubation(T4),immediately and 15 min after abdominal CO2 iusnfflation in trendelenburglithotomy position (T5,T6) and at 10 min after deflation of abdomen(T7).Results CBFV was significandy decreased at T3,T4 and T7 in group P and at T4 and T7 in group S as compared with the baseline at T1.CBFV at T3 was significantly lower in group P than in group S.PI at T3,T4 was significantly decreased in group P as compared with the baseline at T1 and was significantly lower than in group S.PI at T5,6 was significantly increased as compared with the baseline in both groups but was not significantly different between the 2 groups.Conclusion When combined with remifentanil.propofol could decrease CBF and ICP while sevoflurane has no significant effect on CBF and ICP after induction.CBF and ICP are significantly increased in both groups after abdominal CO2 insufflation.     

七氟醚和异丙酚复合麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术患者脑血流量和颅内压的比较

Objective To compare the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intracranial pressure (ICP) during laparoscopic gynecologic surgery performed under propofol and sevoflurane combined anesthesia.Methods Forty ASAⅠ orⅡ patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 44-69 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each):propofol group (group P) and sevoflurane group (group S).Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol (Ce 4μg/ml) in group P or 8% sevoflurane in group S combined with TCI of remifentanil (Ce 6 ng/ml).Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 35-40 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol or sevoflurane.inhalation combined with TCI of remifentanil.BIS value was maintained at 45-50 by adjusting Ce of propofol or concentration of sevoflurane.Intraabdominal pressure (IAP) was maintained at 12-14 mm Hg.Transcranial Doppler monitoring wag used.Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and pulsatility index (PI) were recorded at 5 min after supine position(T1)and 5 min after supine lithotomy position before induction(T2),while tracheal tube was being inserted(T3),5 min after tracheal intubation(T4),immediately and 15 min after abdominal CO2 iusnfflation in trendelenburglithotomy position (T5,T6) and at 10 min after deflation of abdomen(T7).Results CBFV was significandy decreased at T3,T4 and T7 in group P and at T4 and T7 in group S as compared with the baseline at T1.CBFV at T3 was significantly lower in group P than in group S.PI at T3,T4 was significantly decreased in group P as compared with the baseline at T1 and was significantly lower than in group S.PI at T5,6 was significantly increased as compared with the baseline in both groups but was not significantly different between the 2 groups.Conclusion When combined with remifentanil.propofol could decrease CBF and ICP while sevoflurane has no significant effect on CBF and ICP after induction.CBF and ICP are significantly increased in both groups after abdominal CO2 insufflation.     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉诱导时镇静催眠效应的相互作用

Objective To investigate the sedative and hypnotic interaction between remifentanil and propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) during induction of anesthesia.Methods Third-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients,aged 22-63 yr,body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 each).Group Ⅰ only received TCI pmpofol.GroupⅡ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳreceived a target concentration of 2,4 or 6 ng/ml remifentanil respectively.While the blood-effect site concentrations of remifentanil were equilibrated,patients received TCI of propefol,with an initial target concentration of 0.5μg/ml.After the blood-effect site concentrations of propofol were equilibrated then with 0.5μg/ml increments until the loss consciousness was achieved.The eyelash reflex and state of consciousness were assessed and radial arterial blood sample 6 ml was taken every 3 min to determine the remifentanil and propofol concentrations in blood.Propofol and remifentanil concentrations in blood were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection respectively.The sedative and hypnotic interaction between propofol and remifentanil was determined with a pharmacodynamie interaction model by regression analysis and determined using the isobolographic method.Results Propofol concentrations in blood were lower in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ than group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The propofol concentratopms in blood were significantly decreased in trun with the increase in the remifentanil concentrations in blood in group Ⅱ-Ⅳ(P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex and loss of consciousness of patients,the pharmacodynamic interaction model by curve fitting was superior to linear regression (P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop=2.77μg/ml and EC50,rem=26.67 ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is ECprop/2.77+ECrem/26.67=0.69.At loss of consciousness of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop==3.76μg/ml and EC50,rem=31.56ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is Ecprop/3.76+Ecrem/31.56=0.65.Conclusion Remifentanil (Cp 2-6 ng/ml) and propofol by TCI shows a synergistic type of pharmacodynamic interaction on the sedative and hypnotic during induction of anesthesia.     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉诱导时镇静催眠效应的相互作用

Objective To investigate the sedative and hypnotic interaction between remifentanil and propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) during induction of anesthesia.Methods Third-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients,aged 22-63 yr,body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 each).Group Ⅰ only received TCI pmpofol.GroupⅡ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳreceived a target concentration of 2,4 or 6 ng/ml remifentanil respectively.While the blood-effect site concentrations of remifentanil were equilibrated,patients received TCI of propefol,with an initial target concentration of 0.5μg/ml.After the blood-effect site concentrations of propofol were equilibrated then with 0.5μg/ml increments until the loss consciousness was achieved.The eyelash reflex and state of consciousness were assessed and radial arterial blood sample 6 ml was taken every 3 min to determine the remifentanil and propofol concentrations in blood.Propofol and remifentanil concentrations in blood were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection respectively.The sedative and hypnotic interaction between propofol and remifentanil was determined with a pharmacodynamie interaction model by regression analysis and determined using the isobolographic method.Results Propofol concentrations in blood were lower in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ than group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The propofol concentratopms in blood were significantly decreased in trun with the increase in the remifentanil concentrations in blood in group Ⅱ-Ⅳ(P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex and loss of consciousness of patients,the pharmacodynamic interaction model by curve fitting was superior to linear regression (P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop=2.77μg/ml and EC50,rem=26.67 ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is ECprop/2.77+ECrem/26.67=0.69.At loss of consciousness of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop==3.76μg/ml and EC50,rem=31.56ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is Ecprop/3.76+Ecrem/31.56=0.65.Conclusion Remifentanil (Cp 2-6 ng/ml) and propofol by TCI shows a synergistic type of pharmacodynamic interaction on the sedative and hypnotic during induction of anesthesia.     

不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 探讨不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法 择期拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者80例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,随机分为4组,每组20例.麻醉诱导:Ⅱ～Ⅳ组靶控输注瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度分别设为2、4、8 ng/ml,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组均靶控输注异丙酚,初始血浆靶浓度为2μg/ml,随后每间隔1min增加0.5μg/ml,直至BIS值下降至50.患者意识消失时记录BIS值和异丙酚血浆靶浓度,BIS值降至50时记录异丙酚血浆靶浓度及异丙酚总用量.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组患者意识消失时BIS值升高,异丙酚血浆靶浓度降低,BIS值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚血浆靶浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 复合异丙酚麻醉时,瑞芬太尼适宜血浆靶浓度为4 ng/ml.     

复合异丙酚时不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 探讨复合异丙酚时不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期拟行额颞部开颅手术患者15例,年龄18～64岁,体重50～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.先靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度为3μg/ml,效应室浓度达预设浓度后靶控输注瑞芬太尼,效应室靶浓度分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8 ng/ml,效应室浓度依次达预设浓度时记录血压(BP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS.瑞芬太尼效应室浓度达5 ng/ml时行气管插管和机械通气,于气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻记录BP、MAP、HR和BIS.结果 与基础值比较,异丙酚效应室浓度3μG/ml 和瑞芬太尼不同效应室浓度时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01);与异丙酚效应室浓度3μg/ml时比较,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 nG/Ml时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 ng/ml时可降低神经外科手术患者的BIS.     

BIS监测异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全麻患儿麻醉深度的准确性

目的 评价脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼全麻患儿麻醉深度的准确性.方法 择期手术患儿60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄3～8岁,体重14～40kg,随机分为4组(n=15),人室后开放手背静脉,稳定5 min.C组静脉输注0.9%生理盐水0.2 ml·kg-1·h-1;R1组、R2组和R3组分别静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.1、0.3或0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1,瑞芬太尼或生理盐水输注10 min开始靶控输注异丙酚,起始效应室浓度为1 μg/ml,逐渐递增至2、3、4μg/ml.分别于稳定5min、瑞芬太尼静脉输注10min、异丙酚效应室浓度达到l、2、3、4μg/ml稳定1 min及意识消失时记录BIS和警觉,镇静(OAA/S)评分;记录意识消失时间.采用logistic回归法计算意识消失时的BIS50、BIS95和意识消失时异丙酚的EC50、EC95.BIS与OAA/S评分、异丙酚效应室浓度作直线相关分析.结果 C组、R1.组、R2组和R3组BIS与OAA/S评分均呈正相关,r分别为0.89、0.90、0.87、0.82(P<0.05);BIS与异丙酚效应室浓度均呈负相关,r分别为-0.87、-0.90、-0.87、-0.92(P<0.05);与C组比较,其余3组患儿意识消失时异丙酚效应室浓度降低,意识消失时间缩短,R2组和R3组意识消失时BIS升高,BIS50和BIS95升高,异丙酚EC50和EC95降低(P<0.05);与R1组比较,R2组BIS50和BIS95升高,R3组异丙酚EC50和EC95降低(P<0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉下,采用BIS监测患儿麻醉深度存在一定局限性.     

The effect-site concentration of remifentanil blunting cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation and skin incision during bispectral index-guided propofol anesthesia

We sought to determine the effect-site concentration of remifentanil blunting sympathetic responses to tracheal intubation and skin incision during bispectral index (BIS)-guided propofol anesthesia. Forty-one ASA physical status I-II patients, aged 20-65 yr and undergoing major abdominal surgery, were randomly assigned to one of two groups: tracheal intubation (group TI, n = 20) or skin incision (group SI, n = 21). All patients received a target-controlled infusion of propofol of 4 microg/mL, which was then adjusted to maintain a BIS value ranging between 40 and 50. The effect-site concentration of remifentanil blocking the sympathetic responses to tracheal intubation and skin incision in 50% of cases (Ce50) was determined using an up-and-down sequential allocation method. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) Ce50 of remifentanil was 5.0 ng/mL for TI (95% CI, 4.7-5.4 ng/mL) and 2.1 ng/mL for SI (95% CI, 1.4-2.8 ng/mL). This study shows that effect-site concentrations of remifentanil of 5 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL are effective in blunting sympathetic responses to tracheal intubation and skin incision in 50% of patients when combined with a BIS-guided target controlled infusion of propofol.     

人工流产术患者复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼的药效学

目的 探讨人工流产术患者复合异丙酚4.5 μg/ml时靶控输注瑞芬太尼的药效学.方法 拟行人工流产术患者135例,年龄18～30岁,ASAI级,孕6～10周.随机分为9组(n=15):瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0.5、0.8、1.1、1.4、1.7、2.0、2.3、2.6和2.9 ng/ml(Ⅰ组～Ⅸ组).各组异丙酚效应室靶浓度均为4.5 μg/ml.采用概率单位回归分析法,计算麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95及其95%可信区间(CI)和呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95及其95%CI.结果 麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50为1.67 ng/ml,其95%CI为1.45～1.90 ng/ml,EC95为3.88 ng/ml,其95%CI为3.08～5.89 ng/ml;呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50为2.44 ng/ml,其95%CI为2.28～2.64 ng/ml,EC95为3.36 ng/ml,其95%CI为2.99～4.34 ng/ml.麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC95高于呼吸抑制时效应室靶浓度EC95(P＜0.05).结论 人工流产术患者复合异丙酚4.5 μg/ml时,麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95,分别为1.67、3.88 ng/ml,呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95,分别为2.44、3.36 ng/ml.     

复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期行经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术病人50例,性别不限,年龄20～60岁,BMI＜30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,随机分为不同舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度组(n=10),S1组、S2组、S3组、S4组和S5组舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别0.21、0.14、0.09、0.06、0.04 ng/ml.靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2.5～3.0μg/ml,各组按相应效应室靶浓度靶控输注舒芬太尼,待病人意识消失且舒芬太尼达效应室浓度时置入输尿管镜,以进镜即刻至进镜后1 min内病人发生体动反应(咳嗽和吞咽动作除外)为阳性反应.采用Bliss法计算复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为及其95%可信区间.结果 复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为0.084 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.066～0.107 ng/ml.结论复合异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为0.084 ng/ml.     

复合靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的药效学

目的 探讨复合靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的药效学.方法 拟行经胸骨正中劈开胸腺切除术的重症肌无力患者45例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼进行麻醉诱导,异丙酚血浆靶浓度为4 μg/ml,瑞芬太尼初始效应室靶浓度(Ce)为1.8 ng/ml,依次按2.7、4.0、6.0 ng/ml梯度递增,至患者可耐受喉麻管置入声门下进行气管内表麻后,进行气管插管.采用概率单位回归分析法分别计算瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50和Ce95.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50为2.2 ng/ml,其95%可信区间为2.0～2.3 ng/ml;抑制气管插管反应的Ce95为3.0 ng/ml,其95%可信区间为2.8～3.5 ng/ml.结论 复合靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度为4 μg/ml)时,瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的Ce50和Ce95分别为2.2、3.0 ng/ml.     

Clinical variables related to propofol effect-site concentrations at recovery of consciousness after neurosurgical procedures

Target controlled infusion (TCI) systems and computer data acquisition software are increasingly used in anesthesia. It was hypothesized that the use of such systems might allow retrieval of information useful to anticipate the effect-site concentrations of propofol at which patients would recover from anesthesia. The goal of the study was to identify variables related to propofol effect-site concentrations at recovery of consciousness (ROC). Sixteen patients with a Glasgow of 15, ASA 1 or 2, subjected to neurosurgical procedures, received TIVA with TCI propofol and remifentanil. Data were collected every 5 seconds from Datex AS3 and Aspect A200XP (BIS). Effect-site TCI was used for propofol (initial effect target 5.0 microg/ml) and for remifentanil (initial plasma target 2.5 ng/ml). All clinical events were noted. Variables possibly related to propofol effect-site concentration at ROC were selected. Data are expressed as mean +/- SD. Effect-site propofol concentration at ROC was 1.3 +/- 0.5 microg/ml. A positive correlation was found between propofol effect-site concentration at ROC and: age (49.3 +/- 17 years) (P = 0.003); mean remifentanil dose during surgery (0.11 +/- 0.05 microg/kg/min) (P = 0.003); mean propofol dose during surgery (0.12 +/- 0.03 mg/kg/min) (P = 0.046); and remifentanil effect-site concentration at ROC (2.85 +/- 2.06 ng/ml) (P = 0.002). Propofol effect-site concentrations were not correlated with: weight, height, LBM, duration of anesthesia, minimum BIS at induction (30.4 +/- 6.8), time till minimum BIS (4.7 +/- 2.2 min), mean and median BIS during surgery (38.2 +/- 4.5 and 37.8 +/- 5.3). BIS-related variables were not useful as ROC predictors. Only drug variables and age correlated with propofol effect-site concentrations at ROC.