Effect of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier in rats following traumatic brain injury

Objective:To explore the effects of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats following traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods: A total of 108 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as subjects and randomly assigned to three groups:sham-operation,TBI and Xingnaojing injection was set up by the improved device of Feeney's weightcontent and BBB permeability expressed as Evans blue content were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery.Results: In sham-operation group, brain water content and Evans blue content in brain tissue were 78.97%±1.22%and 5.13μg±0.71μg. Following TBI, water content in brain tissue was increased significantly at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days (83.49%±0.54%, 82.74%±0.72%, 80.22%±0.68%, 79.21%±0.60%), being significantly higher than that in sham operation group (P<0.05). Evans blue content was increased in TBI group (16.54 μg±0.60 μg, 14.92μg±0.71μg, 12.44 μg ±0.92μg, 10.14μg±0.52 μg) as compared with sham-operation group(P<0.05). After treatment with Xingnaojing injection, brain water content decreased as compared with TBI group (81.91%±1.04%, 80.38%±0.72%, 79.54%±0.58%,78.60%±0.77%, P<0.05). Xingnaojing injection also reduced the leakage of BBB as compared with TBI group (15.11 μg± 0.63 μg, 13.62 μg±0.85μg, 10.06 μg±0.67 μg, 9.54 μg±0.41 μg,P<0.05).Conclusion: Xingnaojing injection could alleviate cerebral edema following TBI via reducing permeability ofBBB.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠创伤性急性肺损伤时细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠创伤性急性肺损伤时细胞凋亡的影响.方法健康雄性SD大鼠54只,体重225～275kg,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为对照组(C组)、创伤性急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组),每组18只.采用自制胸部撞击器撞击大鼠胸壁的方法制备创伤性急性肺损伤模型.P组分别于撞击后即刻、撞击后12 h时腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.分别于撞击后3、12、24 h时各组随机取6只大鼠处死取肺,光镜和电镜下观察肺组织病理学结果,TUNEL法测定凋亡细胞,计算凋亡指数,免疫组化法检测Bax和Bcl-2的表达.结果 与C组比较,ALI组和P组各时点肺组织细胞凋亡指数、Bax和Bcl-2的表达水平升高,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,P组各时点肺组织细胞凋亡指数和Bax表达水平降低,Bcl-2的表达水平和Bcl-2/Bax比值升高(P＜0.01).P组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可通过抑制细胞凋亡减轻大鼠创伤性急性肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on the cell apoptosis in lung tissues in a rat model of traumatic acute lung injury (ALI) .Methods Fifty-four SD rats weighing 225-275 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 18 each) : control group (group C) , ALI group, penehyclidine hydrochloride group ( group P) . Traumatic ALI was induced by dropping a self-made impact device on the chest of anesthetized rats according to the technique described by Raghavendran et al. Intraperitoneal penehyclidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg was injected immediately after blunt chest trauma and at 12 h after blunt chest trauma in group P. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 3, 12 and 24 h after blunt chest trauma and the lung tissues collected for microscopic examination and determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 (by immuno-histochemical staining) . The apoptosis index was calculated. Results The apoptosis index and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were significantly higher, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly lower at each time point in groups ALI and P than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05) . The apoptosis index and Bax expression were significantly lower,while the Bcl-2 expression and ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax higher at each time point in group P than in group ALI.The microscopic examination showed that penehyclidine hydrochloride injection significantly attenuated the pathologic changes. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can reduce the traumatic ALI through inhibiting the cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues.     

Effect of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier in rats following traumatic brain injury

Objective:To explore the effects of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats following traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods: A total of 108 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as subjects and randomly assigned to three groups:sham-operation,TBI and Xingnaojing injection was set up by the improved device of Feeney's weightcontent and BBB permeability expressed as Evans blue content were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery.Results: In sham-operation group, brain water content and Evans blue content in brain tissue were 78.97%±1.22%and 5.13μg±0.71μg. Following TBI, water content in brain tissue was increased significantly at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days (83.49%±0.54%, 82.74%±0.72%, 80.22%±0.68%, 79.21%±0.60%), being significantly higher than that in sham operation group (P<0.05). Evans blue content was increased in TBI group (16.54 μg±0.60 μg, 14.92μg±0.71μg, 12.44 μg ±0.92μg, 10.14μg±0.52 μg) as compared with sham-operation group(P<0.05). After treatment with Xingnaojing injection, brain water content decreased as compared with TBI group (81.91%±1.04%, 80.38%±0.72%, 79.54%±0.58%,78.60%±0.77%, P<0.05). Xingnaojing injection also reduced the leakage of BBB as compared with TBI group (15.11 μg± 0.63 μg, 13.62 μg±0.85μg, 10.06 μg±0.67 μg, 9.54 μg±0.41 μg,P<0.05).Conclusion: Xingnaojing injection could alleviate cerebral edema following TBI via reducing permeability ofBBB.     

Effect of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier in rats following traumatic brain injury

Objective：To explore the effects of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier （BBB） in rats following traumatic brain injury （TBI）.Methods： A total of 108 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as subjects and randomly assigned to three groups：sham-operation,TBI and Xingnaojing injection was set up by the improved device of Feeney＇s weightcontent and BBB permeability expressed as Evans blue content were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery.Results： In sham-operation group, brain water content and Evans blue content in brain tissue were 78.97%±1.22%and 5.13μg±0.71μg. Following TBI, water content in brain tissue was increased significantly at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days （83.49%±0.54%, 82.74%±0.72%, 80.22%±0.68%, 79.21%±0.60%）, being significantly higher than that in sham operation group （P〈0.05）. Evans blue content was increased in TBI group （16.54 μg±0.60 μg, 14.92μg±0.71μg, 12.44 μg ±0.92μg, 10.14μg±0.52 μg） as compared with sham-operation group（P〈0.05）. After treatment with Xingnaojing injection, brain water content decreased as compared with TBI group （81.91%±1.04%, 80.38%±0.72%, 79.54%±0.58%,78.60%±0.77%, P〈0.05）. Xingnaojing injection also reduced the leakage of BBB as compared with TBI group （15.11 μg± 0.63 μg, 13.62 μg±0.85μg, 10.06 μg±0.67 μg, 9.54 μg±0.41 μg,P〈0.05）.Conclusion： Xingnaojing injection could alleviate cerebral edema following TBI via reducing permeability ofBBB.     

孕羊低温体外循环对胎羊血流动力学以及碳水化合物代谢的影响

目的 探讨孕羊低温体外循环(CPB)对胎羊血流动力学以及碳水化合物代谢的影响.方法 孕羊20头,随机分成对照组,开胸不建立体外循环;常温CPB组(35～36℃)、浅低温组CPB(32～34℃)和中低温CPB组(28～31℃),建立常规体外循环,转流降温、复温30 min.分别监测孕羊和胎羊的心率、平均动脉压、胎羊脐动脉和颈内动脉的搏动指数(pulse index,PI),孕羊与胎羊血糖、乳酸含量和HCO-3值的变化.结果 母羊和胎羊平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).浅低温组和中低温组颈内动脉PI值较对照组和常温组显著增高(P＜0.05),脐动脉PI值组间差异无统计学意义,但随体外循环时间的延长而增高.血糖水平胎羊各组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但中低温CPB组中胎羊显著低于孕羊(P＜0.05).中低温CPB组胎羊血乳酸随时间延长有上升趋势(P＜0.05),而且显著高于孕羊(P＜0.05),但各CPB组间血乳酸差异无统计学意义.结论 孕羊低温体外循环降温时,胎羊心率明显下降,复温后胎羊心率能回复正常,体外循环对胎羊平均动脉压无明显影响,但低温降低胎羊脑部和脐动脉的血流;低温体外循环导致胎羊血糖水平降低,而血乳酸浓度显著增高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate effects of maternal hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on fetal homodynamic and carbohydrate metabolism. Methods Twenty pregnant sheep were divided into four groups randomly: control group(n=5),normothermic group (35-36℃)(n=5), mild hypothermic group(32-34℃)(n=5) and moderate hypothermic group (28-31℃)(n=5).Thoracotomy was performed without CPB in the control group. Routine CPB was established with different temperature in other three groups. The temperature of normothermic group was kept normal; the left two groups were cooled down to the set point of temperature and then rewarmed back to normal level. Fetal and maternal temperatures, heart rate,mean blood pressure(BP), pulse index (PI) of fetal umbilical artery (UA) and internal carotid artery (CA) were evaluated at cooling and rewarming stages. Biochemical indicators including blood glucose and lactic acid were also measured at the same time. Results There are no differences in mesn BP of ewas and fetal lambs between the different groups (P＞0.05). CA PI value of mild hypothermic group and moderate hypothermic group were significantly higher than those of control group and normothermic group (P＜0.05). There was no difference of UA PI in the four groups, but PI increased following the prolonged duration of CPB. There was no difference change of blood glucose in the four group of fetus, which was significantly lower than the ewe groups. An upward trend of fetal blood lactic acid with time was observed in three CPB groups. The whole level of fetal blood lactic acid was much higher than that of maternal blood of lactic acid. Conclusion Cooling of maternal bypsss decreases fetal heart rate significantly,and fetal heart rate recovered to base line following rewarming phase. There was no signicant effect of CPB on fetal mean BP. However, CPB impacted on the blood flow of fetal brain and umbilical artey. Hypothermia CPB can increase fetal blood glucose and blood lactic acid dramatically.     

克罗卡林预处理对脑缺血/再灌注大鼠水通道蛋白4表达及血脑屏障通透性的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers (Cromakalim) on the expression of aquaporin-4 and permeability of blood-brain barrer (BBB) after cerebral ischemic/repeffusion. Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups for different conditioning, the sham-operated group(A,n=10), the cerebral I/R group(B,n=10),and the cerebral I/R+Cromakalim group (C,n=10). Intraluminal suture methods were applied to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model with occlusion 2 h and reperfusion 24 h. The neurobehavioral function was evaluated with Bederson's test, and the pathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The water content of brain was evaluated by wet-dry weight method, and the expressions of IgG and AQP-4 in brain were observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results In comparison with group A's water content(78.2±1.3 )% and expressions of IgG and AQP-4 (0.0±0.0,13.6±1.5) ,the expressions of IgG and AQP-4(2.4±0.4,19.8±1.9) and the water content (81.3±1.2)% in group B both were significantly higher (P<0.05). However,in group C,the water content (79.5±0.6)%was similar to group A( 78.2± 1.3 )%. Interestingly, the expressions of IgG and AQP-4( 1.1 ±0.2, 15.7± 1.2 ) of group C were higher than that of group A' s (P<0.05); compared with group B, The neurobehavioral deficit scores were obviously reduced, the expressions of IgG and AQP-4 (1.1 ±0.2,15.7±1.2) and the water content (79.5 ±0.6)% were significantly lower in group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Cromakalim maybe can alleviate cerebral edema via reducing permeability of blood-brain barrier and inhibit the expression of AQP-4 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mice.     

七氟醚对感染性休克大鼠全身炎性反应及心肺功能的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the systemic inflammatory response and cardiopulmonary function in septic shock rats. Methods Thirty-two SD rats, 8-10 months old, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced septic shock group (group CLP) , sevoflurane I group (group SEV, ) and sevoflurane II group (group SEV,). The abdomen was opened but CLP was not performed in group S. The septic shock was induced by CLP as described by Baker et al. Group SEV, and SEV, inhaled 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min at 1 h and 3 h after the successful establishment of the model respectively. At 1, 3 and 5 h after septic shock, MAP and HR were recorded and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and cardiac output (CO) were also detected 5 h after septic shock. The animals were killed after the detection of cardiac function. The lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio and Evans blue (EB) content. The tissues from the heart, lung, liver and kidney were taken for detection of NF-kB activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) ResultsMAP was significantly lower, HR higher, LVEDD, LVESD, LVFS, CO, pH value, PaO2 and PaCO2 lower, and W/D lung weight ratio, EB content, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO, and NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues higher in group CLP, SEV, and SEV2 than in group S (P < 0.05). NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO were significantly lower in group SEV, than in group CLP and SEV2 ( P < 0.05 ), but no significant differences were found in the other indices between group SEV, and CLP and between group SEV1 and SEV2 ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min 1 h after septic shock can inhibit the systemic inflammatory response slightly, but can not improve the cardiopulmonary function in rats with CLP-induced septic shock.     

七氟醚对感染性休克大鼠全身炎性反应及心肺功能的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the systemic inflammatory response and cardiopulmonary function in septic shock rats. Methods Thirty-two SD rats, 8-10 months old, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced septic shock group (group CLP) , sevoflurane I group (group SEV, ) and sevoflurane II group (group SEV,). The abdomen was opened but CLP was not performed in group S. The septic shock was induced by CLP as described by Baker et al. Group SEV, and SEV, inhaled 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min at 1 h and 3 h after the successful establishment of the model respectively. At 1, 3 and 5 h after septic shock, MAP and HR were recorded and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and cardiac output (CO) were also detected 5 h after septic shock. The animals were killed after the detection of cardiac function. The lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio and Evans blue (EB) content. The tissues from the heart, lung, liver and kidney were taken for detection of NF-kB activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) ResultsMAP was significantly lower, HR higher, LVEDD, LVESD, LVFS, CO, pH value, PaO2 and PaCO2 lower, and W/D lung weight ratio, EB content, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO, and NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues higher in group CLP, SEV, and SEV2 than in group S (P < 0.05). NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO were significantly lower in group SEV, than in group CLP and SEV2 ( P < 0.05 ), but no significant differences were found in the other indices between group SEV, and CLP and between group SEV1 and SEV2 ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min 1 h after septic shock can inhibit the systemic inflammatory response slightly, but can not improve the cardiopulmonary function in rats with CLP-induced septic shock.     

七氟醚对感染性休克大鼠全身炎性反应及心肺功能的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the systemic inflammatory response and cardiopulmonary function in septic shock rats. Methods Thirty-two SD rats, 8-10 months old, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced septic shock group (group CLP) , sevoflurane I group (group SEV, ) and sevoflurane II group (group SEV,). The abdomen was opened but CLP was not performed in group S. The septic shock was induced by CLP as described by Baker et al. Group SEV, and SEV, inhaled 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min at 1 h and 3 h after the successful establishment of the model respectively. At 1, 3 and 5 h after septic shock, MAP and HR were recorded and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and cardiac output (CO) were also detected 5 h after septic shock. The animals were killed after the detection of cardiac function. The lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio and Evans blue (EB) content. The tissues from the heart, lung, liver and kidney were taken for detection of NF-kB activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) ResultsMAP was significantly lower, HR higher, LVEDD, LVESD, LVFS, CO, pH value, PaO2 and PaCO2 lower, and W/D lung weight ratio, EB content, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO, and NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues higher in group CLP, SEV, and SEV2 than in group S (P < 0.05). NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO were significantly lower in group SEV, than in group CLP and SEV2 ( P < 0.05 ), but no significant differences were found in the other indices between group SEV, and CLP and between group SEV1 and SEV2 ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min 1 h after septic shock can inhibit the systemic inflammatory response slightly, but can not improve the cardiopulmonary function in rats with CLP-induced septic shock.     

CPB诱发犬急性肺损伤时肺组织转化生长因子β1 mRNA表达的变化

Objective To observe the changes in the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1 ) mRNA expression in the lung in a dog model of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)-induced acute lung injury. Methods Thirty-six healthy adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 15-16 kg were randomly assigned into control group and CPB group ( n = 18 each) . Lung injury was produced by CPB according to the method described by Williams. Six animals were killed at each of the following time points: before CPB (T0 ) and 30 and 60 min after termination of CPB (T1 , T2) in each group. Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and determination of TGF-β1 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR) and MDA content. The lungs were lavaged and the protein concentration in the brancho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined and pulmonary permeability index (PPI) was calculated. Results Microscopic examination showed massive inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar capillary dilatation, congestion, widened alveolar septum, massive RBC in the alveolar space and focal atelectasis in the lung in CPB group. The TGF-β1 mRNA expression and MDA content and PPI were significantly higher in CPB group than in control group. The TGF-β1 mRNA expression and MDA was positively correlated to PPI (MDA: r = 0.867, P < 0.01; PPI: r = 0.821, P < 0.01) . Conclusion TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the lung is significantly up-regulated after CPB and is an important factor contributing to CPB-induced acute lung injury.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环致大鼠脑损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环(CPB)致大鼠脑损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为5组(n=6),假手术组(S组)仅进行动脉和静脉穿刺置管,CPB组、低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PL组)、中剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PM组)和高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH组)建立CPB模型,PL组、PM组和PH组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.2、0.6、2.0 mg/kg,CPB组加入等容量生理盐水.停CPB后2 h采集上腔静脉血样,测定血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和S-100β蛋白浓度.然后取脑组织,透射电镜下观察海马区神经元的超微结构.结果 与S组比较,其余4组血浆NSE和S-100β蛋白浓度升高(P＜0.05);与CPB组和PL组比较,PH组和PM组血浆NSE和S-100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05);与PM组比较,PH组血浆S-100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05).PH组和PM组海马区神经元损伤程度轻于CPB组和PL组.结论 预充液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6或2.0 mg/kg可减轻CPB致大鼠脑损伤,且呈剂量依赖性.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环(CPB)致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠40只,4～6月龄,体重330～420 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)仅进行动脉和静脉穿刺置管;急性肺损伤组(ALI组)、低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PL组)和高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH组)建立CPB模型;PL组和PH组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6和2.0 mg/kg,ALI组加入等容量生理盐水,进行CPB1h.于CPB前和CPB结束后2h采集动脉血样,进行血气分析;于CPB结束后2h时采集上腔静脉血样,测定血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度;取肺组织测定含水量、MDA含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)活性,光镜下观察病理学改变.结果 与S组比较,ALI组、PL组和PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2降低,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度升高,肺组织GSH-px活性降低(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,PL组和PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2升高,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度降低,肺组织GSH-px活性升高(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻;与PL组比较,PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2升高,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度降低,肺组织GSH-px活性升高(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻更明显.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6和2.0 mg/kg可减轻CPB致大鼠急性肺损伤,且与剂量有关,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应和炎性反应有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁对体外循环心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁对体外循环(CPB)心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤的影响.方法 择期行CPB心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例,年龄33～64岁,体重47～81 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,心功能分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为4组(n=15):对照组(C组)、乌司他丁组(U组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁组(PU组).CPB结束后30 min时,C组将PEEP增至8 cm H2O;U组、P组和PU组分别静脉注射乌司他丁2万U/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg和乌司他丁2万U/kg,然后将PEEP增至8 cm H2O.于CPB结束后30 min、3、6 h、术后12和24 h时,测定PaO2,计算氧合指数;于上述时点记录气道峰压和气道平台压,计算肺顺应性;于上述各时点采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-αIL-6、IL-8及IL-10的浓度;于CPB结束后6 h和术后12、24 h时行肺损伤评分.结果 与C组比较,U组、P组和PU组氧合指数和肺顺应性升高,肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与U组和P组比较,PU组氧合指数和顺应性升高,肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05).与C组比较,U组、P组和PU组血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01);与U组和P组比较,PU组血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05).U组和P组间上述标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁可减轻CPB心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎性反应有关.     

脂氧素A4对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响

目的 探讨脂氧素A4对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠54只,体重200～250 g,随机分为3组(n=18):假手术组(S组)、局灶性脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和脂氧素A4组(L组).采用改良线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,阻断右侧大脑中动脉缺血2 h后行再灌注.L组缺血即刻右侧侧脑室注射脂氧素A4 100 ng,S组和I/R组右侧侧脑室注射等容量生理盐水5 μl.于再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分,静脉注射2%伊文斯蓝4 ml/kg,1 h后处死大鼠取脑,测定右侧脑水含量和伊文斯蓝含量,检测脑皮质基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的表达.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和L组神经功能缺陷评分、脑水含量和伊文斯蓝含量升高,脑皮质MMP-9表达上凋(P＜0.05或0.01);与I/R组比较,L组神经功能缺陷评分、脑水含量和伊文斯蓝含量降低,脑皮质MMP-9表达下调(P＜0.01).结论 脂氧素A4可降低血脑屏障通透性,减轻脑水肿,促进局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经功能恢复,其机制与抑制MMP-9表达上调有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,月龄2月,体重230～280 g,随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(C组)腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;急性肺损伤组(ALI组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(LP组)、高剂量组(HP组)分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3和1 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg.静脉注射生理盐水或LPS后6 h时,取肺组织,检测NF-κB mRNA的表达、TNF-α和MDA的含量和SOD活性,计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)及含水量,观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组、LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达上调,TNF-α及MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,W/D和肺组织含水量升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05);与LP组比较,HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05).LP组和HP组肺组织病理学损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的机制可能与下调肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达,降低肺局部炎性反应,增强机体抗氧化能力有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对心肺转流患者肠损伤和炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对心肺转流(CPB)患者肠损伤和炎性因子的影响.方法 40例ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级心瓣膜置换术患者,随机均分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和对照组(C组),分别在CPB前10 min颈内静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg或等容量生理盐水.分别于CPB前(T1)、主动脉开放10 min(T2)、停CPB即刻(T3)、术后2 h(T4)、6 h(T5)、18 h(T6)采取中心静脉血,应用ELISA法检测血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度.结果 与T1时比较,T2～T6时两组I-FABP、IL-6和IL-10浓度均显著升高(P<0.05).T2、T4、T5时P组I-FABP浓度显著低于C组,T4、T5时IL-6浓度亦显著低于C组(P<0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg可减轻患者肠损伤和炎性因子的释放.     

双歧三联活菌预处理对体外循环后大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨双歧三联活菌预处理对体外循环(CPB)后大鼠小肠黏膜屏障功能的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠24只,体重350～450 g,随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、CPB组和双歧三联活菌预处理组(P组).CPB开始前7 d,P组每天用双歧三联活菌2 ml(含活菌数1×10~7 CFO)灌胃,S组和CPB组用生理盐水2 ml灌胃.第8天进行CPB 60 min.CPB结束后2 h时处死大鼠,抽取门静脉血,采用分光光度法测定血浆二胺氧化酶活性和D-乳酸浓度,鲎试验偶氮显色法测定内毒素浓度,放免法测定血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度.取腔静脉血,肝、肺、肾组织及肠系膜淋巴结,分别接种于血平皿上培养,24 h后鉴定细菌生长情况及细菌种类,光镜下观察小肠上皮组织病理学.结果 与S组相比,CPB组和P组血浆D-乳酸、内毒素、TNF-α和IL-6的浓度、二胺氧化酶活性及细菌易位率升高(P<0.05);与CPB组相比,P组上述各指标降低(P<0.05).病理结果显示P组小肠上皮组织损伤程度较CPB组明显减轻.结论 双歧三联活菌预处理可在一定程度上抑制炎性反应,保护CPB后大鼠小肠黏膜屏障功能.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预处理对小鼠反复缺血?再灌注脑损伤时细胞外信号调节激酶1/2的影响

目的探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预处理对小鼠反复缺血-再灌注(ischemia reperfusion, IR)脑损伤时细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)的影响。方法 SPF级成年C57BL/6J小鼠96只,6～8周龄,体重16～25 g,按照随机数字表法分为三组:盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHC组)、IR组和假手术组(Sham组),每组32只。Sham组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水,30 min后分离双侧颈总动脉但不夹闭;IR组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水,30 min后分离并夹闭双侧颈总动脉,建立反复IR脑损伤模型;PHC组腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚1.0 mg/kg,30 min后采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭术建立反复IR脑损伤模型。采用Morris水迷宫实验评估术前及术后学习记忆能力,随后处死小鼠,留取海马组织并测定其湿/干重比(W/D)。采用伊文斯蓝(EB)法检测血脑屏障的通透性。采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)测定海马组织ERK1/2 mRNA表达量,Western blot法测定海马组织磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)蛋白含量。结果与Sham组比较,术后3、7 d IR组逃避潜伏期和游泳距离明显延长(P0.05)。与IR组比较,术后3、7 d PHC组逃避潜伏期和游泳距离明显缩短(P0.05)。与Sham组比较,IR组海马组织W/D和脑组织EB含量明显升高P0.05)。与IR组比较,PHC组海马组织W/D和脑组织EB含量明显降低(P0.05)。与Sham组比较,IR组海马组织ERK1/2 mRNA表达量和p-ERK1/2蛋白含量明显升高(P0.05)。与IR组比较,PHC组海马组织ERK1/2 mRNA表达量和p-ERK1/2蛋白含量明显降低(P0.05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚预处理可通过抑制海马组织ERK 1/2激活而减轻小鼠反复缺血-再灌注脑损伤并改善其学习记忆能力。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环大鼠肝脏损伤的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环大鼠肝脏损伤的影响.方法 健康清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组(n=8),假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(Mod组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(L-PHC组)和高剂量组(H-PHC组).Sham组只置管不转流,Mod组体外循环预充液中不加入盐酸戊乙奎醚,L-PHC组和H-PHC组体外循环预充液中分别加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6mg/kg和2mg/kg.于停止体外循环即刻抽取左股动脉血2ml后处死,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,观察肝脏组织超微结构改变.结果 与Sham组比较,Mod组、L-PHC组、H-PHC组血清ALT,AST活性升高(P＜0.05);与Mod组比较,L-PHC组、H-PHC组血清ALT、AST活性降低(P＜0.01),病理损伤程度减轻;与L-PHC组比较,H-PHC组血清ALT、AST活性降低(P＜0.05),病理损伤程度减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6mg/ks和2mg/kg可减轻体外循环诱发大鼠肝脏损伤的程度,2mg/kg的效果更明显.