七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).I/R组和SP组采用切除右肾然后夹闭左侧肾动脉45 min再开放的方法 制备肾缺血再灌注模型.SP组吸入2.2%七氟醚1 h,停止吸入后10 min时进行肾缺血.于再灌注2 h时采集静脉血样,测定血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和胱抑素C(Cys C)的浓度,取肾组织,光镜下及透射电镜下观察病理学结果,并根据肾小管病变程度进行Paller评分.结果 与S组比较,I/R组血清Cr和BUN浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显降低(P＜0.05).SP组肾组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 七氟醚预处理可减轻大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.     

不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道在其中的作用

目的 探讨不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道(mito-KATP通道)在其中的作用.方法 新生(出生＜24 h)SD大鼠,雌雄不拘,体重5～6 g,原代培养海马神经元,接种于培养孔或培养皿中,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为7组,每组48孔和12皿,正常对照组(C组):不予任何处理;缺氧复氧组(HR组):缺氧4 h复氧24 h;6%七氟醚预处理组(S1 组)、4%七氟醚预处理组(S2 组)、2%七氟醚预处理组(S3 组):分别经6%、4%、2%七氟醚预处理后行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L预处理组(5-HD组):经mito-KATP通道阻断剂5-羟葵酸(终浓度100 μmol/L)预处理后进行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L+6%七氟醚预处理组(5-HD+S组):同时行5-羟葵酸和6%七氟醚预处理后进行缺氧复氧.各组以上处理结束后,测定神经元活力、凋亡率、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余6组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与HR组比较,S1组～S3组海马神经元活力增强,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax蛋白表达下调(P＜0.01),5-HD组和5-HD+S组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与S1组比较,S2组、S3组和5-HD+S组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与S2组比较,S3组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可抑制大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡,从而减轻神经元损伤,且呈浓度依赖性,机制可能与开放神经元mito-KATP通道,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with different concentrations of sevoflurane on hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and the role of mitochondrial KATP(mito-KATP)channels.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons isolated from newborn SD rats(＜24h)of both sexes,weighing 5-6 g,were randomly divided into 7 groups with 48 wells and 12 dishes in each one:control group(C group),H/R group,preconditioning with 6%,4%and 2% sevoflurane groups(S1-3 groups),5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD,mito-KATP channel blocker)100 μmol/L preconditioning group(5-HD group)and preconditioning with 5-HD 100 μmol/L+6% sevoflurane group(5-HD+S group).The neurons were exposed to 4 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation. In S1-3 groups, preconditioning was performed with 6% , 4% and 2% sevoflurane respectively before H/R. In 5-HD group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD (final concentration 100 μmol/L) before H/R. In 5-HD + S group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD 100 μmol/L and 6% sevoflurane before H/R. The neuronal viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined after 24 h reoxygenation.Results The neuronal viability was significantly lower,while the apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in the other 6 groups than in group C(P＜0.01).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly higher,while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were lower in S1-3 groups than in group H/R. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 5-HD and 5-HD + S groups(P＞0.05).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were higher in S2, S3 and 5-HD + S groups than in group S1, and in group S3 than in group S2(P＜0.0l) .Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can inhibit H/R-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and reduce the injury to neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, and the underlying mechanism may be related to activation of mito-KATP channels, up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Toll 样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)开胸暴露30 min,左冠状动脉前降支仅穿线不结扎;心肌缺血再灌注组(IR组)采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注2 h的方法 制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型;七氟醚预处理组(SP组)吸入2.5%七氟醚30 min,洗脱15 min后制备模型.于再灌注2 h时处死大鼠取心脏,观察心肌组织病理学结果,采用Western blot法检测TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组和SP组TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,SP组TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05).病理学结果 显示:SP组心肌细胞损伤较IR组减轻.结论 七氟醚预处理可通过抑制TLR4表达上调降低炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) during myocardial ischemia reperfusion(IR) in rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each):sham operation group (S group) , IR group and sevoflurane preconditioning group(SP group).Myocardial ischemia was produced by temporary ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion. In SP group, the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min followed by 15 min washout before ischemia. The rats were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion, hearts removed and myocardial tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was detected using Western blot. Results The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in IR and SP groups compared with group S (P＜0.05).The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly down-regulated in group SP compared with group IR (P＜0.05).The myocardial injury was attenuated in group SP.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial IR injury by inhibiting the up-regulation of TLR4 expression and reducing the inflammatory response.     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

PI3K-Akt信号通路在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PI3K-Akt)信号通路在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠96只,体重220～280g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为6组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚预处理组(SP组)、渥曼青霉素组(W组)、二甲基亚砜组(D组)和七氟醚预处理+渥曼青霉素组(SW组).采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.S组继续灌注180 min;I/R组平衡灌注30 min,缺血30 min,恢复灌注120 min;其余各组先平衡灌注15 min,SP组、W组、DMSO组和SW组分别用含2.4%七氟醚、100 nmol/L渥曼青霉察、20 μmol/L二甲基亚砜、2.4%七氟醚和100 nmol/L渥曼青霉素的K-H液灌注10 min,然后洗脱5 min,缺血30 min,恢复灌注120 min.各组随机取8个心脏,于平衡灌注末和再灌注15 min时,记录HR、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax).再灌注15 min时取心肌组织,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,计算凋亡指数;采用Western blot法测定磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)表达.再灌注120 min时,取8个心脏,采用TIC染色法测定心肌梗死体积.结果 与S组比较,其余各组HR、LVDP和±dp/dtmax降低,LVEDP升高,I/R组、SP组和D组心肌p-Akt表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组LVDP和±dp/dtmax升高,LVEDP和凋亡指数降低,心肌p-Akt表达上调,心肌梗死体积减小(P＜0.05),SW组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可通过激活PI3K-Akt信号通路减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.

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Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase-Akt (PI3k-Akt) signal pathway in the attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sevoflurane preconditioning in isolated rat hearts. Methods Ninety-six adult male SD rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation group (group S); I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP); wortmannin group (group W); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D) and sevoflurane preconditioning + wortmannin group (group SW) . Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95%O2-5%C02 at 37 ℃ . The hearts were continuously perfused for 180 min in group S. After 15 min of equilibration, the isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion in SP, W, D and SW groups. Croups SP, W, D and SW received 10 min of perfusion with K-H solution containing 2. 4% sevoflurane, 100 nmol/L wortmannin, 20 μmol/L DMSO, and 2.4% sevoflurane + 100 nmol/L wortmannin, respectively, followed by 5 min washout before I/R. Eight hearts in each group were selected and HR, left ventricular end-diabetic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and ± dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of equilibration and at 15 min of reperfusion, Myocardial tissues were obtained at 15 min of reperfusion for determination of apoptosis (by TUNEL) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression (by Western blot) . Another 8 hearts were selected at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of myocardial infarct size by TTC staining. Result Compared with group S, LVDP and ± dp/dt,^ were significantly decreased and LVEDP was significantly increased in groups I/R, SP, W, D and SW, and myocardial p-Akt expression was up-regulated in groups I/R, SP and D ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, LVDP and ± dp/dtmax were significantly increased, LVEDP and apoptosis index were significantly decreased, myocardial p-Akt expression was up-regulated, and myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in group SP (P ＜0.05) . Conclusion Activation of PI3K-Akt signal pathway is involved in the attenuation of I/R injury by sevoflurane reconditioning in isolated rat hearts.     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

HO-1在七氟烷预处理抑制大鼠氧糖剥夺海马神经元凋亡中的作用

目的 探讨血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)在七氟烷预处理抑制大鼠氧糖剥夺海马神经元凋亡中的作用.方法 出生48 h内的Wistar大鼠,体外培养海马神经元,随机分为6组,每组108孔,正常对照组(C组):不做任何处理;2%七氟烷预处理组(S1组):2%七氟烷预处理60 min后正常培养24 h;OGD组:缺糖缺氧45 min后复糖复氧,再正常培养24 h以制备氧糖剥夺模型;2%七氟烷预处理+OGD 组(S1+OGD组)和4%七氟烷预处理+OGD组(S2+OGD组):分别经2%、4%七氟烷预处理后制备氧糖剥夺模型;4%七氟烷预处理+ZnPPⅨ+OGD(Z组):4%七氟烷预处理同时在培养液中加入ZnPPⅨ(终浓度10 μmol/L),其余处理同S2+OGD组.正常培养24 h时检测神经元存活率、凋亡率和HO-1蛋白及其mRNA的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,OGD组、S1+OGD组、S2+OGD组和Z组海马神经元存活率降低,凋亡率升高,海马神经元HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调,S1组海马神经元HO-1 mRNA 及其蛋白表达上调(P<0.01),神经元存活率、凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与OGD组比较,S1+OGD组、S2+OGD组海马神经元存活率升高,凋亡率降低,海马神经元HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调,Z组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与S1+OGD组比较,S2+OGD组海马神经元存活率升高,凋亡率降低,海马神经元HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P<0.01);与S2+OGD组比较,Z组海马神经元存活率降低,凋亡率升高,海马神经元HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达下调(P<0.01).结论 HO-1可能参与了七氟烷预处理抑制大鼠氧糖剥夺海马神经元凋亡的机制.     

活性氧在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠海马脑片氧糖缺失损伤中的作用

目的 评价活性氧(ROS)在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠海马脑片氧糖缺失损伤中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠,体重80～100 g,断头处死,剥离海马,符合标准的40片海马脑片随机分为4组(n=10):氧糖缺失组(OGD组)、4%七氟醚预处理组(Sevo组)、ROS清除剂组(MPG组)和4%七氟醚预处理+ROS清除剂组(SM组),采用脑片灌流及电生理技术,细胞外记录海马CAI区缺氧期间和复氧1 h期间的顺向群锋电位(OPS);采用2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(TYC)染色定量比色法分析脑片损伤程度.结果 与OGD组相比,Sevo组OPS消失时间缩短,OPS恢复程度、OPS恢复率均升高,组织损伤百分率降低(P<0.01);与Sevo组相比,MPG组和SM组OPS消失时间缩短,OPS恢复程度、OPS恢复率降低,组织损伤百分率升高(P相似文献   

浅低温联合七氟烷对大鼠海马脑片氧糖缺失损伤的影响

目的 探讨浅低温联合七氟烷对大鼠海马脑片氧糖缺失损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠,体重80～100 g,断头处死,剥离海马,制备脑片.取符合标准的海马脑片32片,随机分为4组(n=8):氧糖缺失组(OGD组)、七氟烷组(Sev组)、浅低温组(MH组)和浅低温+七氟烷组(MH+Sev组).OGD组和MH组分别于37℃或32℃下用经95%N2-5%CO2混合气体饱和的无糖(氧糖缺失)人工脑脊液(ACSF)灌流脑片14 min;Sev组和MH+Sev组分别于37℃或32℃下用预先经4%七氟烷平衡的有氧有糖ACSF灌流脑片14 min,再用预先经4%七氟烷平衡的氧糖缺失ACSF灌流脑片14 min.记录海马CA1区缺氧到复氧1 h期间的顺向群峰电位(OPS).采用比色法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率.结果 与OGD组比较,Sev组和MH组OPS消失时间延长,OPS恢复程度升高,MH组LDH释放率降低(P<0.05或0.01);与MH组比较,MH+Sev组OPS消失时间延长,OPS恢复程度和恢复率升高,LDH释放率降低(P<0.05或0.01);与Sev组比较,MH+sev组OPS消失时间延长,OPS恢复程度和恢复率升高,LDH释放率降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 浅低温(32℃)联合4%七氟烷可减轻大鼠海马脑片氧糖缺失损伤.     

异氟醚预处理对谷氨酸诱导大鼠神经元样PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨异氟醚预处理对谷氨酸诱导大鼠神经元样PC12细胞凋亡的影响.方法 神经生长因子孵育5d的神经元样PC12细胞,以5×104个/ml密度接种于6 cm培养皿(3 ml/皿)或6孔板(2ml/孔),采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=18):正常对照组(C组)、谷氨酸组(G组)、谷氨酸+异氟醚组(GI组)和谷氨酸+异氟醚+三磷酸肌醇受体拮抗剂光溜海绵素组(GIX组).C组不做任何处理;G组、GI组和GIX组均加入500 μmol/L谷氨酸,GI组和GIX组通入1.2％异氟醚2h,停止通入后10 min加入谷氨酸,GIX组通入异氟醚前即刻加入光溜海绵素100 nmol/L.于谷氨酸孵育20 min时,每组取6皿和6孔,收集细胞,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和线粒体膜电位(MMP),采用显微荧光测量技术检测细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i).结果 与C组比较,G组和GIX组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i升高,MMP降低(P＜0.01),GI组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与G组比较,GI组和GIX组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i降低,MMP升高(P＜0.05或0.01);与GI组比较,GIX组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i升高,MMP降低(P＜0.01).结论 异氟醚预处理可抑制大鼠神经元样PC12细胞凋亡,其机制与激活内质网三磷酸肌醇受体,抑制内质网释放Ca2+,提高MMP有关.     

N受体α4β2亚型在异氟醚抑制大鼠海马突触长时程增强中的作用

目的 评价海马神经元N受体α4β2亚型在异氟醚抑制大鼠海马突触长时程增强(LTP)中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠,取海马组织,制备海马脑片.取70张脑片,随机分为10组(n=7):各组用正常人工脑脊液(aCSF)灌流海马脑片,记录稳定正常的细胞外群峰电位(PS)30 min,LTP组继续给予正常的aCSF灌流,其余各组分别用含异氟醚0.125 mmol/L(I1组)、0.25 mmol/L(I2组)、0.5 mmol/L(I3组)、地棘蛙素0.1 mmol/L(E1组)、1.0 μmol/L(E2组)、地棘蛙素0.1 μmol/L+异氟醚0.25 mmol/L(E1+I2组)、地棘蛙素1.0 μmol/L+异氟醚0.25 mmol/L(E2+I2组)、双氢β-刺酮碱(DHβE)0.1μmol/L(D组)、DHβE0.1μmol/L+异氟醚0.125 mmol/L(D+I1组)的aCSF灌流.采用细胞外微电极记录技术,记录海马脑片CA1区细胞外PS 30 min后,施以高频强直刺激(HFS)15 min,诱发LTP,记录各组HFS结束后5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50、60 min时的PS幅值.结果 与LTP组比较,I1.2.3组、D组、D+I1组、E1+I2组HFS后PS幅值降低,E1.2组HFS后PS幅值升高(P＜0.05),E2+I2组HFS后PS幅值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与I1组比较,D+I1组HFS后PS幅值降低(P＜0.05).与I2组比较,E1+I2组、E2+I2组HFS后PS幅值升高(P＜0.01).结论 异氟醚通过拮抗海马神经元N受体α4β2亚型从而抑制了突触LTP的形成.     

线粒体通透性转换孔在七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 探讨线粒体通透性转换孔(mPTP)在七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠80只,体重250～300 g,随机分为5组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、七氟醚延迟预处理组(SP组)、mPTP开放剂苍术苷+七氟醚延迟预处理组(A+SP组)和苍术苷组(A组).IR组、SP组、A+SP组和A组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min后进行再灌注的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型.SP组和A+SP组吸入2.5%七氟醚l h,其余组吸入纯氧1 h,停止吸入后24 h进行心肌缺血.A+SP组和A组在缺血前15 min经尾静脉注射苍术苷5 mg/kg.再灌注120 min时采集颈动脉血样,测定血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度.然后处死大鼠,测定心肌梗死体积,检测心肌组织Bcl-2及Bax表达水平,电镜下观察心肌超微结构.结果 与S组比较,其他各组血清cTnI浓度升高,心肌梗死体积扩大,Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调(P＜0.05).与IR组比较,SP组血清cTnI浓度降低,心肌梗死体积缩小,Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调(P＜0.05),心肌病理学损伤减轻.苍术苷可取消七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的效应(P＜0.05).结论 抑制mPTP开放后可导致Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调,参与了七氟醚延迟预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

P2X7受体在大鼠海马脑片和神经元突触体氧糖缺失时谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸释放中的作用

目的 评价P2X7受体在大鼠海马脑片和神经元突触体氧糖缺失(OGD)时谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)释放中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠,体重150～200 g,制备海马脑片和神经元突触体,放入95%O2-5%CO2预充饱和人工脑脊液(aCSF)中35 ℃下孵育30 min后,取大鼠海马脑片96张,随机分为3组(n=32);取大鼠海马神经元突触体72份,随机分为3组(n=24).对照组(C组)于95%O2-5%CO2预充饱和的aCSF中孵育60 min;OGD组于95%N2-5%CO2预充饱和的乏糖aCSF中35 ℃下孵育60 min;亮蓝G组(BBG组)于预先加入P2X7受体拮抗剂亮蓝G 1 μmol/L、95%O2-5%CO2预充饱和的aCSF中孵育20 min,随后移至2 ml含亮蓝G l μmol/L、95%N2-5%CO2预充饱和的乏糖aCSF中孵育60 min.于OGD即刻、20、40、60 min(T1-4)时,分别随机取海马脑片和神经元突触体各6份,测定Glu和GABA的释放量.各时点分别取海马脑片2张,光镜下观察病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,OGD组和BBG组T2-4时海马脑片Glu和GABA释放量增加(P＜0.05);与OGD组比较,BBG组T3-4时海马脑片Glu释放量减少,T4时GABA释放量减少(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻.与C组比较,OGD组和BBG组T2-4时海马神经元突触体Glu和GABA的释放量增加(P＜0.05);与OGD组比较,BBG组T2-4时海马神经元突触体GABA释放量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Glu释放量增加(P＜0.05).结论 P2X7受体介导了大鼠海马OGD时Glu和GABA的释放,其中胶质细胞上的P2X7起主导作用.