头孢曲松联合匹多莫德对血清固定梅毒病人的效果

目的观察研究头孢曲松联合匹多莫德对血清固定的梅毒病人的治疗效果。方法 59例血清固定的梅毒病人随机分为实验组31例和对照组28例,实验组给予头孢曲松2.0 g静脉滴注,每日1次,连用15 d,同时口服匹多莫德口服液800 mg,每日1次,连用15 d。对照组单用头孢曲松2.0 g静脉滴注,每日1次,连用15 d。治疗后3、6个月复查快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验滴度并判断疗效。结果治疗后3个月两组疗效比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗后6个月,两组疗效比较差异有显著性(u=2.02,P<0.05)。结论头孢曲松联合匹多莫德治疗血清固定的梅毒病人具有良好的效果。     

Socio-demographic characteristics associated with HIV and syphilis seroreactivity among pregnant women in Blantyre,Malawi, 2000–2004

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate socio-demographic factors associated with HIV and syphilis seroreactivity in pregnant Malawians presenting for antenatal care in late third trimester of pregnancy.

Methods

Between December 2000 and March 2004 at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Blantyre, Malawi, we collected cross-sectional clinical and socioeconomic data from consenting women. HIV-1 status was determined using rapid HIV antibody tests and syphilis seroreactivity was determined using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and confirmed with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA).

Results

Of 3,824 women screened for HIV, 1156 (30%) were HIV seropositive and 198 (5%) were RPR and TPHA seroreactive. In the multivariate analysis, HIV infection was positively associated with elevated socio-economic status, being formerly married, and age, but not with education level. HIV prevalence was lower in women of Yao ethnicity than in other women (OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.64 – 0.95). Increased maternal education was negatively associated with syphilis seroreactivity.

Conclusions

The seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis among women attending the antenatal ward in Blantyre remains unacceptably high. Demographic correlates of HIV and syphilis infections were different. Our results demonstrate the need for better strategies to prevent HIV and syphilis in women and calls for optimizing antenatal syphilis screening and treatment in Malawi.     

Impact of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing on risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Langfang, China

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) in China remain at high risk for HIV infection,the proportion of reported HIV/AIDS cases that occurred among MSM rose greatly from 2005 to 2011.HIV testing an...     

深圳市南山区MSM个体性网络大小对感染梅毒的影响

目的了解深圳市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)个体性网络大小及其对感染梅毒的影响,为男男性行为者采取干预措施降低梅毒感染风险提供新的视角。方法 2014—2016年深圳市南山区慢性病防治院采用外展干预和男同彩虹门诊相结合的方式对男男性行为者开展匿名自填式问卷调查,收集男男性行为者基本人口学、行为学、性网络特征及梅毒知识知晓情况,开展HIV、梅毒检测,通过卡方检验、Logistic回归探索该人群性行为、性网络与梅毒的相关性。结果共调查429名男男性行为者,梅毒检测阳性率9.1%。平均年龄(27.2±5.8)岁;汉族占98.1%;文化程度大专以上占70%;户籍是外省的占一半以上;约50%在深圳居住时间在半年以内;梅毒预防知识知晓率较低,仅70.2%。个体性网络大小做单因素分析,年龄(P=0.009)、文化程度(P=0.012)、在深居住时间(P=0.002)、最近6月与男性发生肛交时安全套的使用情况(P=0.041)、梅毒知识知晓情况(P=0.047)均与最近6月个体性网络大小情况有统计学意义。梅毒感染单因素分析文化程度、最近6月个体性网络大小、最近6月与男性发生肛交时安全套使用情况与感染梅毒有统计学意义;多因素分析显示个体性网络大小为15人以上(adjusted OR=3.383,95%CI=0.997~23.030)是感染梅毒的危险因素;最近6月与男性发生肛交时每次使用安全套(adjusted OR=0.059,95%CI=0.011~0.305)是感染梅毒的保护因素。结论 MSM人群是梅毒的一个易感人群,感染梅毒会增加感染HIV的风险,预防HIV和梅毒需同步。性网络作为传播HIV/STI桥梁的同时也是预防的关键,通过性网络建立同伴健康教育干预方法是预防性病的重要措施。     

梅毒血清固定患者外周血中Th17/Treg细胞、Foxp3和ROR-γt的表达水平及相关性研究

目的 通过检测梅毒血清固定患者外周血Th 17/Treg细胞比例及其特异性转录因子叉头状转录因子3(Foxp3)和维甲酸相关核孤儿受体(ROR-γt)的mRNA表达水平以及相关的细胞因子水平,探讨其与梅毒血清固定免疫机制的关系.方法 采集60例梅毒血清固定患者(观察组)和60例健康对照者(对照组)的外周血,分离单一核细胞(PBMCs),采用流式细胞仪检测Th17和Treg细胞比例;提取总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR(QRT-PCR)法检测Foxp3和ROR-γt的mRNA表达水平;采用ELISA法测定PBMCs上清液中IL-17和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)水平.结果 观察组外周血中的Treg细胞比例[(9.68±1.54)％]、Foxp3的mRNA[(2.85±0.16)％]和TGF-3[(275.15±20.89) pg/ml]的表达水平明显高于对照组[(5.96±1.27)％、(1.96±0.14)％、(156.33 ±41.49) pg/ml];观察组中的Thl7细胞比例[(1.13±0.31)％]、ROR-γt的mRNA[(0.98±0.16)％]和IL-17的表达水平[(12.21 ±4.73) pg/ml]明显低于对照组[(1.98±0.17)％、(1.85±0.15)％、(18.98±6.89) pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 外周血中Treg和Th17细胞比例的变化、Foxp3和ROR-γtmRNA表达水平的异常与梅毒血清固定的免疫机制相关,梅毒血清固定患者可能存在Treg/Th17的失衡,且向Treg细胞漂移.     

HIV infection among new synthetic drug abusers: a pilot study in Beijing

Background  Following the increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) notification (infection) rates via sexual transmission and increased abuse of new synthetic drugs instead of heroin in China, a study on HIV infections and risk factors among synthetic drugs and heroin users in Beijing was conducted to provide a cue for further development of targets and strategies of HIV/AIDS control and prevention for different drug populations.

Methods  A total of 428 subjects including 224 heroin users and 204 new synthetic drug users was recruited from communities in Beijing by convenience sampling. A c² test was used to compare HIV and syphilis infections between the two subpopulations. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors related to HIV, syphilis infections and abuse of synthetic drugs.

Results  Unbalanced distributions of demographics were detected between the two subpopulations. Compared with heroin users, most users of synthetic drugs were migrants, single and of younger age (age £30 years). Ten HIV infections and twenty-four syphilis infections were confirmed among 428 subjects. No significant difference in HIV infection was found between the two subpopulations (crude odds ratio (OR) =0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07–15.80 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.26, 95% CI: 0.09–18.28) while four times as many syphilis infections were identified among users of synthetics drugs (AOR=3.92, 95% CI: 1.06–14.56). HIV and syphilis infections appeared to work synergistically. The migrants who were of Han ethnicity, single and who had stayed in Beijing for more than six months were more likely to abuse synthetics drugs.

Conclusions  The new synthetic drug users and heroin users are different subpopulations. We optimistically speculate that HIV has not yet been introduced into the former in Beijing, but considering higher syphilis infections in synthetic drug users and the role of syphilis in HIV infection, synthetic drug users, as a possible and important driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Beijing, should be paid more attention in HIV prevention and control strategies.

     

南京地区HIV/AIDS患者一线抗病毒治疗失败相关因素分析

目的: 分析南京地区人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）患者一线抗病毒治疗失败的危险因素,提前预警以降低一线治疗的失败率。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年9月在南京市第二医院感染科门诊启动一线抗病毒治疗并随访至2020年3月的HIV/AIDS患者基线人口学和随访资料,在此期间有耐药基因检测证实一线抗HIV治疗失败、更换含有洛匹那韦/利托那韦（LPV/r）的免费二线方案患者为治疗失败组,以同期病毒持续抑制患者作为对照,通过 Logistic 回归分析治疗失败的相关危险因素。结果：纳入的1 739例HIV/AIDS患者中有44例（2.5%）因病毒学失败更换含LPV/r的二线治疗方案。基线CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μL (OR=13.105,95% CI：5.025~34.176)和基线病毒载量≥1×10⁵ 拷贝/mL (OR=2.491,95% CI：1.210~5.128)是一线治疗失败的危险因素;一线治疗失败与性别、年龄、婚姻状况、体重指数、传播途径、从确诊到治疗间隔时长、是否有基本医疗保险无关。结论：一线治疗失败的发生与低基线CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数和高基线病毒载量有关,具有危险因素的患者需重点关注。     

IL-15、IL-18、IL-21和NK细胞在梅毒血清固定患者外周血中的含量及临床意义

目的:探讨梅毒血清固定患者外周血IL-15、IL-18、IL-21和NK细胞变化及其临床意义.方法:选取2018年10月至2020年9月徐州医科大学附属连云港医院皮肤性病科收治的梅毒血清固定患者24例为血清固定组,24例健康体检者为健康对照组.应用流式细胞仪检测两组外周血NK细胞水平,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测两组...     

277例梅毒患者规范驱梅后血清TRUST转阴影响因素分析

目的探索梅毒患者血清TRUST转归的影响因素。方法对2011年4月—2014年6月深圳市南山区慢性病防治院首次确诊及治疗并随访24个月的277例梅毒患者进行调查,使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析梅毒患者血清TRUST转归的影响因素。结果不同性别、年龄、婚姻、文化程度和是否合并HIV感染的梅毒患者血清TRUST转阴情况之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);不同诊断分期和初始TRUST滴度梅毒患者转阴情况之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示:一期梅毒患者比隐性梅毒患者血清TRUST更易转阴(RR=3.04,95%CI:1.95~4.73;P0.05),初始TRUST滴度≤1∶8患者比滴度1∶8患者血清TRUST更易转阴(RR=2.34,95%CI:1.40~3.91;P0.05)。结论梅毒的诊断分期和初始血清TRUST滴度是影响梅毒预后的独立影响因素。     

Health-related attitudes and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections of Chinese women who have sex with women

Background  Previous studies have shown evidence of health-related risk behaviors among women who have sex with women (WSW), such as sex with men, multiple bisexual partners, and drug use. Women who have sex with women have also been known to avoid routine physical examinations and conceal their same-sex history from physicians, which can affect their ability to receive an accurate diagnosis and treatment. No previous research has targeted women who have sex with women in China. We sought to describe women who have sex with women in China and explore risk factors for their reproductive tract infections (RTI)/sexually transmitted infections (STI).

Methods  Participants were recruited through outreach in venues and online for a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using interviews and laboratory tests.

Results  We recruited 224 women who have sex with women. In the year preceding their participation in the study, 92% (206/224) of women reported sexual relations with women. The RTI rates were: gonorrhea (15.8%), chlamydia (3.5%), syphilis (0.5%), bacterial vaginosis (14.4%), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (0.9%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (0.5%), and candidiasis (6.9%). No HIV or herpes simplex virus (HSV) positive cases were detected. Factors associated with gonorrhea infection were non-Beijing local residency (odds ratio (OR)=2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.8) and genital-genital contact (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.2); factors associated with curable STI (excluding bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, HBV and HCV) were non-Beijing local residency (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.0) and bleeding during or after sex (OR=18.1; 95% CI: 5.2–62.6); and the factor associated with RTI (including all the infections tested) was bleeding during or after sex (OR=37.8, 95% CI: 11.2–127.4).

Conclusions  Behaviors that may cause RTI/STI exist among Chinese women who have sex with women. Researchers should consider these behaviors when planning corresponding prevention and interventions.

     

梅毒血浆反应素快速试验持续阳性患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测及其临床意义

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with latent syphilis after treatment, who had persistent positive results of test for rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and remained infectious. METHODS: T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood were measured with flow cytometry (FCM) in these 43 patients and 30 normal subjects served as controls. RESULTS: Peripheral blood CD3, CD4 and NK cells exhibited no significant difference between the latent patients and the controls (P>0.05), but CD8 cells were higher in these patients (P<0.05). The treated patients with persistent positive RPR within two years had elevated levels of CD3, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes (P<0.05), but NK cells appeared to be lowered (P<0.05); in patients with positive RPR for over two years, CD3, CD4 and NK cells were comparable with those in the controls (P>0.05), but CD8 cells was elevated (P<0.05). Patients with RPR positivity within two years had higher CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes, but lower NK cells in comparison with the patients with more than two years' of positivity (P<0.05); CD8 cells were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cellular immunity imbalance and immune suppression can be present in treated syphilis patients with persistent positive RPR and the risk to transmission, which may lower the host ability to resist and clear Treponema pallidum and is associated with the difficulty in treating syphilis patients and the persistence of positive RPR even after treatment.     

扬州市MSM人群艾滋病高危行为特征?感染状况及影响因素分析

目的:了解江苏省扬州市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病高危行为特征?感染情况及其影响因素?方法:采用横断面调查设计,采取分类滚雪球抽样的方法于2008年5月起,对扬州市范围内的MSM人群就艾滋病知识态度?高危行为特征的面对面问卷调查结果,以及血样的人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)及其他性传播疾病(sexually transmitted disease,STD)感染的实验室检测数据进行统计分析?结果:所调查300例MSM中,82.7%最近6个月发生过同性性行为,其中79.4%有多个同性性伴;48.7%曾与异性发生过性行为,其中21.2%有多个异性性伴;最近6个月与同性发生肛交性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例为52.0%,与异性发生性行为时该比例为21.2%?均采集血样进行了血清学检测,确证HIV阳性22例,阳性率为7.3%;确证梅毒抗体阳性66例,阳性率为22.0%;未发现丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性?在多因素Logistic回归模型中,常通过互联网寻找性伴(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.01~3.67)和最近6个月曾与固定性伴发生性行为(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.25~0.79)与最近6个月同性性行为时安全套坚持使用率的关系有统计学意义;梅毒感染(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.25~7.99)与HIV感染的关系具有统计学意义?结论:扬州市MSM人群无保护性性行为及多性伴现象较为普遍,HIV和梅毒感染率较高,需要进一步加强对该人群的行为干预以防止艾滋病在该人群中的蔓延以及传播至一般人群?     

Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on weaning success in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation: a meta-analysis

Background Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been proposed to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in intubated patients,especially those who fail initial weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).However,there are also some discrepancies in terms of weaning success or failure,incidence of re-intubation,complications observed during study and patient outcomes.The primary objective of this update was to specifically investigate the role of NIPPV on facilitating weaning and avoiding re-intubation in patients intubated for different etiologies of acute respiratory failure,by comparing with conventional invasive weaning approach.Methods We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing noninvasive weaning of early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV with invasive weaning in intubated patients from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases.Records from conference proceedings and reference lists of relevant studies were also identified.Results A total of 11 RCTs with 623 patients were available for the present analysis.Compared with IMV,NIPPV significantly increased weaning success rates (odds ratio (OR):2.50,95％ confidence interval (C/):1.46-4.30,P=0.0009),decreased mortality (OR:0.39,95％ CI:0.20-0.75,P=0.005),and reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR:0.17,95％ CI:0.08-0.37,P ＜0.00001) and complications (OR:0.22,95％ CI:0.07-0.72,P=0.01).However,effect of NIPPV on re-intubation did not reach statistical difference (OR:0.61,95％ CI:0.33-1.11,P=0.11).Conclusions Early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV is superior to conventional invasive weaning approach in increasing weaning success rates,decreasing the risk of mortality and reducing the incidence of VAP and complications,in patients who need weaning from IMV.However,it should be applied with caution,as there is insufficient beneficial evidence to definitely recommend it in terms of avoiding re-intubation.     

Incidence and predictors of definite stent thrombosis after coronary stent implantation

Background  Coronary stents are widely used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures. We aimed to explore the incidence, predictors and characteristics of stent thrombosis (ST) after coronary stent implantation in routine clinical practice.

Methods  From data of 18 063 consecutive patients who underwent successful stent implantation in Shenyang Northern Hospital from 2004 to 2010, we identified patients with definite ST (n=140) and control patients (n=280) matched on age, diagnosis, sex, current antiplatelet medication and stent type. The incidence, predictors and characteristics of ST after coronary stent implantation were investigated.

Results  The incidence of angiographically confirmed ST was 0.78% (140/18 063). The time distribution of ST was acute in 43 (30.7%), subacute in 50 (35.7%), and late in 47 (33.6%) patients. Binary Logistic regression analysis identified the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (odds ratio (OR)=0.472, 95% CI: 0.276–0.807, P=0.006) and heparin (OR=0.477, 95% CI: 0.278–0.819, P=0.007) were associated with an reduced risk of cumulative ST. Stent length (OR=1.042, 95% CI: 1.026–1.058, P <0.001), serum creatinine total (OR=1.020, 95% CI: 1.004–1.035, P=0.04), cholesterol (OR=1.267, 95% CI: 1.021–1.573, P=0.032), glucose (OR=1.086, 95% CI: 1.002–1.176, P=0.044), and platelet aggregation (OR=1.113, 95% CI: 1.075–1.154, P <0.001) were associated with an increased risk of cumulative ST.

Conclusion ST is associated with longer stent length and higher level of total cholesterol, glucose and platelet aggregation.

     

Gene polymorphisms of interleukin-28, p21-activated protein kinases 4, and response to interferon-α based therapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B

Background  Peg-Interferon-α treatment is expensive and associated with considerable adverse effects, selection of patients with the highest probability of response is essential for clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of interleukin-28 (IL-28), p21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4) and the response to interferon treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Methods  Two hundred and forty interferon-naive treatment HBeAg seropositive chronic hepatitis B patients were enrolled in the present prospective nested case-control study. Peripheral blood samples were collected, including 92 with favorable response and 148 without response to the interferon treatment. Rs8099917, rs12980602, and rs9676717 SNP was genotyped using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Results  IL-28 genotype was not associated with response to interferon treatment (OR for GT/GG vs. TT, 0.881 (95% CI 0.388-2.002); P=0.762; OR for CT/CC vs. TT, 0.902 (95% CI 0.458–1.778); P=0.766). Rs9676717 in PAK4 genotype was independently associated with the response (OR for CT/CC vs. TT, 0.524 (95% CI 0.310–0.888); P=0.016). When adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, levels of hepatitis B virus DNA, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), rs9676717 genotype TT appeared to be associated with a higher probability of response for interferon treatment (OR, 0.155 (95% CI 0.034-0.700); P=0.015).

Conclusion  Genotype TT for rs9676717 in PAK4 gene and no drinking may be predictive of the interferon-α treatment success.

     

分析重庆市HIV/AIDS患者合并HBV、HCV感染状况

目的 分析重庆市艾滋病病毒感染者(HIV)和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunedeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS患者)合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)状况.方法 利用《艾滋病综合防治系统——抗病毒治疗管理》数据库,回顾收集重庆市2004-2015年HIV/AIDS治疗患者基本情况和HBsAg、Anti-HCV实验室检测结果,利用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果 截至2015年12月31日,重庆市HIV/AIDS患者中HBsAg和(或)Anti-HCV总检测率55.1％ (11 231/20 397),其中HBsAg和Anti-HCV都进行检测的患者有9 307例.HIV/HBV、HIV/HBV/HCV、HIV/HCV合并感染的比例分别为9.8％、0.9％、4.5％.HIV/HCV合并感染在30 ～ 45岁年龄段构成比最高;HIV/HBV合并感染在男性中构成比最高,与HIV单纯感染组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HIV/HBV合并感染及HIV单纯感染均在性传播中构成比最高,差异无统计学意义(P=0.177);HIV/HCV和HIV/HBV/HCV合并感染在静脉吸毒中构成比最高,与HIV单纯感染比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).主城9区中HIV/AIDS患者及合并感染患者比例最高.合并感染组病死率均高于HIV单纯感染组,HIV/HBV/HCV组病死率最高.结论 重庆市HIV/AIDS患者中HBsAg、Anti-HCV检测率较低,不同感染模式具有不同的流行病学特征,且合并感染的病死率较高,需要进一步加强对重庆市HIV/AIDS患者中HBV、HCV合并感染检测率和治疗情况的管理.     

梅毒对HIV-1感染者病毒载量和CD4+T细胞计数的影响

目的:评估梅毒对HIV-1感染者血浆HIV-1病毒载量,CD4 T细胞计数的影响.方法:于1年前对HIV-1感染者进行梅毒ELISA和RPR检测,对RPR检测阳性者根据其CD4 T细胞计数和病毒载量进行配对,与1年后重新检测CD4 T细胞计数与病毒载量比较,用配对资料的t检验分析梅毒对HIV感染者CD4 T细胞与病毒载量的影响.结果:在271例HIV-1感染者中,共11例梅毒阳性者,占4.1%.本研究中包括HIV-1感染者20例,其中10例梅毒与HIV-1共感染者.在梅毒与HIV共感染者病例中,CD4 T细胞计数明显降低(99个细胞/ml),但病毒载量的变化没有显著差异.结论:梅毒显著地降低HIV-1感染者的CD4 T细胞数量,但病毒载量没有明显的变化.为了延缓HIV-1感染者进入AIDS阶段的时间,应加强对梅毒的治疗和采取相应的预防措施.     

Effect of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in Combination with Lung Ultrasound on Critically Ill Patients:A Multicenter Observational Study in China

Objective Focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) and lung ultrasound (LU) are increasingly being used in critically ill patients.This study aimed to investigate the effect of FCU in combination with LU on these patients and to determine if the timing of ultrasound examination was associated with treatment change.Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional observational study.Consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for enrollment.FCU and LU were performed within the first 24 h,and treatment change was proposed by the performer based on the ultrasound results and other clinical conditions.Results Among the 992 patients included,502 were examined within 6 h of ICU admission (early phase group),and 490 were examined after 6 h of admission (later phase group).The early phase group and the later phase group had similar proportions of treatment change (48.8％ vs.49.0 ％,x2 =0.003,P=0.956).In the multivariable analysis,admission for respiratory failure was an independent variable associated with treatment change,with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.357[95 ％ confidence interval (CI):1.284-4.326,P=0.006];the timing of examination was not associated with treatment change (OR=0.725,95％CI:0.407-1.291,P=0.275).Conclusions FCU in combination with LU,whether performed during the early phase or later phase,had a significant impact on the treatment of critically ill patients.Patients with respiratory failure were more likely to experience treatment change after the ultrasound examination.     

Management status of type 2 diabetes mellitus in tertiary hospitals in Beijing: gap between guideline and reality

Background  Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the effect of these programs in daily outpatient clinics is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the management status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and factors associated with it in diabetes clinics of tertiary hospitals in Beijing.

Methods  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Control criteria were defined based on 2007 China guideline for type 2 diabetes (CGT2D).

Results  A sample of 1151 patients, age (60.8±9.2) years, and with a median disease duration of 7.3 years was included. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) mean level was (7.15±1.50)%, the percentage of patients achieving the targets for HbA1c was 37.8%, blood pressure 65.6%, triglyceride (TG) 48.8%, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 59.2%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 34.0%, and total cholesterol (TC) 42.0%. The factors independently associated with glycemic control were diabetes duration (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.919–0.982, P <0.01), body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.914, 95% CI: 0.854–0.979, P=0.01) and smoking (OR=0.391, 95% CI: 0.197–0.778, P <0.01). The factors independently associated with blood pressure control were BMI (OR=0.915, 95% CI: 0.872–0.960, P <0.01) and male gender (OR=0.624, 95% CI: 0.457–0.852, P <0.01). The factor independently associated with LDL control was education level (OR=1.429, 95% CI: 1.078–1.896, P=0.013).

Conclusions  The management status of T2DM patients in tertiary hospitals in Beijing has improved remarkably. However, there is still room for further improvement to reach the guideline target. Long diabetes duration, high BMI, smoking, male gender and low education level were independently associated with poor metabolic control.

     

Using a Nomogram to Preoperatively Predict Distant Metastasis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in Elderly Patients

Objective To establish a nomogram for predicting the distant metastasis risk of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) in elderly patients.Methods We extracted data of patients with diagnosis of pNETs at age ≥65 years old between 1973 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All eligible patients were divided randomly into a training cohort and validation cohort. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the training cohort to identify independent factors for distant metastasis. A nomogram was developed based on the independent risk factors using rms packages of R software, and was validated internally by the training cohort and externally by the validation cohort using C-index and calibration curves. Results A total of 411 elderly patients were identified, of which 260 were assigned to training cohort and 151 to validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated the tumor site (body/tail of pancreas: odds ratio [OR]=2.282; 95％ confidence interval [CI]: 1.174 – 4.436, P<0.05), histological grade (poorly differentiated/undifferentiated: OR=2.600, 95％ CI: 1.266–5.339, P<0.05), T stage (T2: OR=8.913, 95％ CI: 1.985–40.010, P<0.05; T3: OR=11.830, 95％ CI: 2.530–55.350, P<0.05; T4: OR=68.650, 95％ CI: 8.020–587.600, P<0.05), and N stage (N1: OR=3.480, 95％ CI: 1.807–6.703, P<0.05) were identified as independent risk factors for distant metastasis of pNETs in elderly. The nomogram exhibited good predicting accuracy, with a C-index of 0.809 (95％ CI: 0.757 – 0.861) in internal validation and 0.795 (95％ CI: 0.723 – 0.867) in external validation, respectively. The predicted distant metastasis rates were in satisfactory agreement with the observed values by the calibration curves. Conclusion The nomogram we established showed high discriminative ability and accuracy in evaluation of distant metastasis risk in elderly pNETs patients, and could provide a reference for individualized tumor evaluation and treatment decision in elderly pNETs patients.