术中机械通气对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者肺换气功能的影响

目的 探讨术中机械通气对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者肺换气功能的影响.方法 择期全麻下行全胃切除术的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者30例和非糖尿患者15例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄46～64岁,体重47～78 kg,非糖尿病患者为对照组(A组,n=15),30例糖尿病患者按照术前糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平分为2组(n=15):B组(HbA1C与Hb比值6.6%～10.4%)和C组(HbA1C与Hb比值＞10.4%).麻醉诱导后气管插管,行机械通气,Vr8 ml/kg,RR 12～14次/min,吸呼比1∶2,吸入纯氧,维持PETCO230～35 mm Hg.分别于麻醉前(T0)、机械通气30 min(T1)、60 min(T2)、90 min(T3)、120 min(T4)时采集桡动脉血样,进行血气分析,计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(PA-aDO2);同时测定血浆SOD、MDA、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10的水平.结果 与A组比较,B组和C组T1-4时PA-aDO2、血浆MDA、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的浓度升高,血浆SOD活性降低(P＜0.05).与B组比较,C组T1-4时PA-aDO2、血浆MDA、TNF-α、IL-6和IL10的浓度升高,血浆SOD活性降低(P＜0.05).结论 术中机械通气可使Ⅱ型糖尿病患者肺换气功能下降,且与病情有关,其机制与机械通气诱发炎性反应有关.

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Objective To evaluate the effect of intraoperative mechanical ventilation on alveolar gas exchange in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰor Ⅱpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 46-64 yr weighing 47-78 kg undergoing total gastrectomy under general anesthesia were divided into 2groups according to preoperative glycolated hemoglobin level(HbA1c)(n=15 each):group B HbA1c/Hb=6.6%-10.4%and group C HbA1c/Hb＞10.4%.Another 15 non-diabetic patients with comparable demographic data were included in this study as control group(group A).Radial artery and right internal jugular vein were cannulated.The patients were intubated after induction of anesthesia and mechanically ventilated(VT 8 ml/kg,RR 12-lected from artery before induction of anesthesia(To,baseline)and at 30,60,90 and 120 min of mechanical ventilation(T1-4)for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma SOD activity and MDA,'TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 concentrations.PA-aDO2 was calculated.Results PA-aDO2 was significantly increased during mechanical ventilation at T1-4 as compared with the baseline at T0 in diabetic patients and were significantly higher than in non-diabetic patients.The plasma SOD activity was significantly decreased at T1-4 as compared with the baseline at T0 in diabetic patients and was significantly lower than in non-diabetic patients.While the plasma MDA,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10concentrations were significantly increased at T1-4 compared with the baseline at T0 in diabetic patients and were significantly higher than in non-diabetic patients.The PA-aDO2,plasma MDA,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher and plasma SOD activity lower in gorup C than in group B.Conclusion Intraoperative mechanical ventilation can decrease alveolar gas exchange by inducing inflammatory response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The changes are correlated with severity of diabetes.     

雾化吸入小剂量氨溴索对开胸食道手术患者单肺通气时炎性反应的影响

目的 评价雾化吸入氨溴索对开胸食道手术患者单肺通气时炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行开胸食道手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄39～64岁,体重50～85 kg,身高153～181cm.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、静脉输注氨溴索组(IA组)和雾化吸入氨溴索组(AIA组).单肺通气前10 min,C组静脉输注生理盐水250 ml;IA组静脉输注氨溴索10mg/kg(用生理盐水稀释至250 ml);AIA组采用自制装置氧气驱动雾化吸入氨溴索4 ml(30 mg)+生理盐水2 ml,氧流量5～6 L/mim.于麻醉诱导后给药前1 min(T0)、单肺通气90 min(T,)和恢复双肺通气30 min(T2)时,采集桡动脉血样,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8和IL-10的浓度.结果 与T0时比较,各组T1和T2时血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8的浓度升高,IL-10浓度降低(P＜0.05);与C组比较,LA组和AIA组T1和T2时血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05);IA组和AIA组各时点血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10的浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 雾化吸入小剂量氨溴索可抑制开胸食道手术患者单肺通气导致的炎性反应,且与静脉注射大剂量氨溴索效果相似.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of inhaled aerosolized low dose ambroxol on the inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation ( OLV) in patients undergoing open-chest esophagus surgery. Methods Sixty patients with normal heart and lung function undergoing open-chest esophagus surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each): control group (group C) ; group IA received Ⅳ ambroxol 10 mg/kg after induction of anesthesia and group AIA inhaled aerosolized ambroxol 30 mg after induction of anesthesia. Arterial blood samples were taken after induction of anesthesia before ambroxol administration (T0, baseline) , at 90 min of OLV (T1 )and at 30 min after OLV (T2) for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 by ELBA.Results Plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 concentrations were significantly increased while plasma IL-10 concentration was significantly decreased at T1 and T2 as compared with the baseline at T0 in all 3 groups. Plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 concentrations were significantly lower and plasma IL-10 concentration was significantly higher at T1 and T2 in groups IA and AIA than in group C. Conclusion Both Ⅳ large dose ambroxol and inhaled aerosolized low dose ambroxol can inhibit the inflammatory response to OLV in patients undergoing open-chest esophagus surgery.     

单肺通气诱发兔急性肺损伤模型的建立

目的 建立单肺通气诱发兔急性肺损伤模型.方法 清洁级健康新西兰白兔16只,体重2.3～2.7 kg,采用随机数字表法,将兔随机分为VT 6 ml/kg组(Ⅰ组)和VT 12 ml/kg组(Ⅱ组),每组8只.气管切开插入单腔气管导管行右侧单肺通气,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组VT分别为6、12 ml/kg,余通气参数均为FiO2 50%.通气频率40次/min,I∶E为1∶2.于单肺通气前即刻(T0)、单肺通气1、2、3 h(T1-3)时记录气道峰压,采集动脉血行血气分析,计算氧合指数;于单肺通气3 h时处死动物,取肺组织,观察病理学结果,行肺损伤评分,计算肺湿/干重比,测定左、右支气管肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度,计数中性粒细胞.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅱ组T1～3,时气道峰压升高,两组T2,3时氧合指数降低(P＜0.05);与左肺比较,两组右肺湿/干重比和肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T1～3,时气道峰压升高,T3时氧合指数降低,右肺湿/干重比、支气管肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度、中性粒细胞计数及肺损伤评分升高(P＜0.05).结论 采用VT 12 ml/kg单肺通气3 h成功建立了兔急性肺损伤模型.

Abstract：

Objective To establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.3-2.7 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each):conventional tidal volume(VT) group (group Ⅰ) and high VT group (group Ⅱ).All the rabbits were tracheostomized and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus for right lung ventilation in the two groups. VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group Ⅰ and at 12 ml/kg in group Ⅱ and the other ventilatory parameters were the same in the two groups (FiO2 50% , RR 40 bpm, I∶E=1∶2). Immediately before OLV(T0) and at 1, 2 and 3 h of OLV (T1-3), peak airway pressure was measured and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h of OLV and lung tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The lung injury was scored. W/D lung weight ratio was calculated. Bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measurement of protein concentrations and neutrophil counts. Results The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3 in group Ⅱ and OI was significantly lower at T2,3 in the two groups than those at T0(P＜0.05) .W/D lung weight ratio and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly lower than those of the left lung in the two groups(P＜0.05).The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3, OI was significantly lower at T3, and W/D lung weight ratio, protein concentrations and neutrophil counts in BALF and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05). Conclusion OLV with VT of 12 ml/kg for 3 h can successfully establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury.     

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对创伤性休克大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFA)对创伤性休克大鼠急性肺损伤的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠36只,体重240～260 g,月龄3月,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=12):对照组(C组);创伤性休克组(TS组)采用骨折复合失血致创伤性休克;ω-3 PUFA组于造模前12 h及2 h经尾静脉注射ω-3 PUFA 2 ml/kg,C组和TS组注射生理盐水2 ml/kg.模型制备成功后120 min时采集颈动脉血样,处死取肺组织.用ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、8-异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)、IL-1β及IL-10的浓度;计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D比);光镜下观察肺组织病理变化,行病理学评分.结果 与C组比较,TS组和ω-3 PUFA组血清TNF-α、8-iso-PGF2α、IL-1β及IL-10的浓度、肺组织W/D比及病理学评分明显升高(P＜0.01).与TS组比较,ω-3 PUFA组血清TNF-β、8-iso-PGf2α及IL-1β的浓度、肺组织W/D比及病理学评分明显降低,血清IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 ω-3 PUFA可有效地抑制创伤性休克大鼠全身炎性反应,减轻急性肺损伤.

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Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on acute lung injury (ALI) in a rat model of traumatic shock. Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats aged 3 months were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 12 each): control group (group C) ; traumatic shock group (group TS) and ω-3 PUFA + TS group (group to-3 PUFA) . Traumatic shock was induced by fracture of femur and hemorrhage according to the method described by Feeney in groups TS and ω-3 PUFA. In group ω-3 PUFA, ω-3 PUFA 2 ml/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 12 and 2 h before induction of traumatic shock. Arterial blood samples were taken at 120 min after traumatic shock was successfully induced for determination of serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and 8-iso-PGF2α by ELISA. The animals were then sacrificed and lungs were removed for-determination of W/D lung weight ratio and microscopic examination. Results Traumatic shock significantly increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and 8-iso-PGF2α, W/D ratio and pathologic scores of lung tissues in groups TS and ω-3 PUFA as compared with group C.ω-3 PUFA significantly attenuated traumatic shuck-induced increase in serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and 8-iso-PGF2α , W/D ratio and pathologic scores of lung tissues but further increased the serum IL-10 concentration in group ω-3 PUFA as compared with group TS. Conclusion ω-3 PUFA can significantly inhibit the svstemic inflammatory response and ameliorate traumatic shock-induced ALI.     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肺组织缺血再灌注后氧自由基及细胞因子分泌的影响

Objective To study the effects of limb ischemia preconditioning on pulmonary free radicals and cytokine levels during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Methods Eighteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( group C, n = 6), ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R, n = 6) , limb ischemia preconditioning group ( group L, n = 6) . At the end of experiments, the wet to dry-weight ratio (W/D), activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and myleoperoxidase (MPO) , levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and the contents of cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were determined in lung tissues. Protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured to calculate the lung permeability index. Pathologic changes of lung tissues were also observed. Results Compared to the group I/R, the lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO activity, lung permeability index, MDA and the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) levels were significantly decreased in group L (P < 0. 05), while the SOD activity ( P < 0.05) and IL-10 contents were significantly increased (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the changes of the above parameters between group L and group C ( P > 0. 05). The morphologic damages were significantly reduced in group L than that in group I/R. Conclusion Limb ischemia preconditioning has protective effect against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may at least in part through inhibiting the release of oxygen-derived free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8) and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肺组织缺血再灌注后氧自由基及细胞因子分泌的影响

Objective To study the effects of limb ischemia preconditioning on pulmonary free radicals and cytokine levels during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Methods Eighteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( group C, n = 6), ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R, n = 6) , limb ischemia preconditioning group ( group L, n = 6) . At the end of experiments, the wet to dry-weight ratio (W/D), activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and myleoperoxidase (MPO) , levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and the contents of cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were determined in lung tissues. Protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured to calculate the lung permeability index. Pathologic changes of lung tissues were also observed. Results Compared to the group I/R, the lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO activity, lung permeability index, MDA and the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) levels were significantly decreased in group L (P < 0. 05), while the SOD activity ( P < 0.05) and IL-10 contents were significantly increased (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the changes of the above parameters between group L and group C ( P > 0. 05). The morphologic damages were significantly reduced in group L than that in group I/R. Conclusion Limb ischemia preconditioning has protective effect against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may at least in part through inhibiting the release of oxygen-derived free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8) and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine (PHCD) pretreatment on nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kB ) activity during lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced acute lung injury ( ALl ) in neonate rats.Methods Thirty 7-day old Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 18-21 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =10 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ LPS; group Ⅲ PHCD. Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ received intraperitoneal ( group IP) LPS 3 mg/kg. In group Ⅲ PHCD 5 mg/kg was administered IP at 30 min before LPS respectively. The animals were killed at 4 h after LPS administration. The lungs were immediately removed. The W/D lung weight ratio was measured. The TNF-α, IL-1 βand IL-10 content in the lung were detected by ELISA and expression of NF-kB p65 was detected by immuno-histochemical staining.Results LPS significantly increased W/D lung weight ratio, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-10 content and NF-kB p65 expression in the lung as compared with control group. PHCD administered before LPS significantly attenuated the LPS-induced changes. Electron microscopy showed that PHCD before LPS significandy ameliorated the LPS-induced histological damages. Conclusion Pretreatment with PHCD can attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury though inhibition of NF-kB activation and inflammatory response of lung tissue in neonate rats.     

不同剂量6%HES 130/0.4容量治疗对失血性休克大鼠肺损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of volume therapy with different doses of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6% HES 130/0.4) on lung injury in a rat model of hemonhagic shock.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 220-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each) : group I sham operation (group S); group II Ringer's solution (group RS); group HI and IV 2 HES groups (group H1, H2 ). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% sodium pentobarbital 45 ing/kg. Right common carotid artery (CCA) and left femoral vein were cannulated for blood letting, MAP monitoring, fluid administration and blood sampling. Hemonhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from right CCA in group II , III and IV . MAP was reduced to 35-45 mmHg which was maintained for 90 min. In group RS, hemorrhagic shock was resuscitated with Ringer's solution 3 times of the volume of blood withdrawn, while group H1 and H2 received HES 33 and 50 ml/kg respectively and Ringer' s solution (the total volume was equal to 3 times of the volume of blood removed) . Arterial blood samples were taken before blood letting (T0 , baseline), and at 2, 3 h after volume therapy (T1,2) for blood gas analysis and PaO2/FiO2 was calculated. The animals were then sacrificed by exsanguination and the lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of protein concentration in broncho-alveolar lavage fuid (BALF), W/D lung weight ratio and TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-10 contents in the lung.Results TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 content in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly higher in group RS, H1 and H2, while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly lower at T,2 in group RS and at T2 in group H2 than in group S (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β contents in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly lower in group H1 and H2 , while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher at T,i2 in group H1 and at T1 in group H2 than in group RS (P <0.05) . PaO2/FiO2 at T2 and IL-10 content in the lung were significantly lower in group H2 than in group H, ( P < 0.05) . The lung damage was significantly ameliorated in group H1 and H2 especially in group H, as compared with group RS. Conclusion Volume therapy with 6% HES 130/0.4 33 or 50 ml/kg can attenuate lung injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and the efficacy of 33 ml/kg is better.     

不同剂量6%HES 130/0.4容量治疗对失血性休克大鼠肺损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of volume therapy with different doses of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6% HES 130/0.4) on lung injury in a rat model of hemonhagic shock.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 220-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each) : group I sham operation (group S); group II Ringer's solution (group RS); group HI and IV 2 HES groups (group H1, H2 ). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% sodium pentobarbital 45 ing/kg. Right common carotid artery (CCA) and left femoral vein were cannulated for blood letting, MAP monitoring, fluid administration and blood sampling. Hemonhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from right CCA in group II , III and IV . MAP was reduced to 35-45 mmHg which was maintained for 90 min. In group RS, hemorrhagic shock was resuscitated with Ringer's solution 3 times of the volume of blood withdrawn, while group H1 and H2 received HES 33 and 50 ml/kg respectively and Ringer' s solution (the total volume was equal to 3 times of the volume of blood removed) . Arterial blood samples were taken before blood letting (T0 , baseline), and at 2, 3 h after volume therapy (T1,2) for blood gas analysis and PaO2/FiO2 was calculated. The animals were then sacrificed by exsanguination and the lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of protein concentration in broncho-alveolar lavage fuid (BALF), W/D lung weight ratio and TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-10 contents in the lung.Results TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 content in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly higher in group RS, H1 and H2, while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly lower at T,2 in group RS and at T2 in group H2 than in group S (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β contents in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly lower in group H1 and H2 , while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher at T,i2 in group H1 and at T1 in group H2 than in group RS (P <0.05) . PaO2/FiO2 at T2 and IL-10 content in the lung were significantly lower in group H2 than in group H, ( P < 0.05) . The lung damage was significantly ameliorated in group H1 and H2 especially in group H, as compared with group RS. Conclusion Volume therapy with 6% HES 130/0.4 33 or 50 ml/kg can attenuate lung injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and the efficacy of 33 ml/kg is better.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠96只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=32):对照组(C组)只麻醉,不制备模型;肺损伤组(ALI组);盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHcD组)模型制备后即刻,腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.砝码(300g)于95 cm高处自由落体撞击大鼠心前区以制备急性肺损伤模型.于模型制备后2、8、12和24h时取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,测定血清TNF-α浓度.于模型制备后8 h取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,行动脉血气分析,随后处死大鼠,取肺组织观察病理学结果,测定干/湿重比(W/D比)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和TLR4表达水平.结果 与c组比较,ALI组和PHCD组pH值和PaO2下降,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.01);与ALI组比较,PHcD组pH值和PaO2升高,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度降低(P＜0.05).PHcD组肺组织病理性损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可减轻大鼠胸部撞击诱发的急性肺损伤,其机制与下调肺组织TLR4表达,降低炎性反应有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by blunt chest trauma and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the lung tissues in rats.Methods Ninety-six male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 each):control group (group C), ALI group and PHCD group. ALI was induced by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs in anesthetized rats according to the method described by Raghavendran et al. PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after ALI was induced in group PHCD. Eight rats were selected at 2, 8, 12 and 24 h after ALI was induced, and arterial blood samples were collected for determination of the serum TNF-α concentration. Eight rats were selected at 8 h after ALI was induced, arterial blood samples collected for blood gas analysis and then the rats sacrificed. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TLR4 expression, and microscopic examination. Results The pH value and PaO2 were significantly lower, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration higher in groups ALI and PHCD than in group C (P ＜ 0.01 ). The pH value and PaO2 were significantly higher, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration lower in group PHCD than in group ALI ( P ＜ 0.05). The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in PHCD group as compared with ALI group. Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against blunt chest trauma-induced ALI, and the down-regulation of TLR4 expression in lung tissues and reduction of inflammatory response are involved in the mechanism.     

Wy14643对大鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α激活剂--Wy14643对大鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组(n=8):对照组(C组)、机械通气组(V组)、不同剂量Wy14643组(W1组和W2组).C组不行机械通气,其余3组均行大潮气量(VT40 ml/kg)机械通气2 h.W1组和W2组分别于机械通气前1 h经颈外静脉注射Wy14643(溶于10%二甲亚砜)1、3 mg/kg,C组和V组于机械通气前1 h经颈外静脉注射10%二甲亚砜1 ml/kg.于机械通气前、机械通气1、2 h时取股动脉血样行血气分析,计算PaO2/FiO2(氧合指数).通气2 h后收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)测定TNF-α和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-2(MIP-2)的水平,取肺组织计算湿重/干重比(W/D比),取动脉血样,测定血清MDA、SOD水平,光镜下观察肺组织病理学.结果 与C组比较,V组SOD水平降低,TNF-α、MIP-2、MDA的水平和W/D比升高(P＜0.05),肺组织病理学损伤明显;与V组比较,W1组和W2组氧合指数和SOD水平升高,TNF-α、MIP-2、MDA的水平和W/D比降低(P＜0.05),肺组织病理学损伤程度减轻.与W1组比较,W2组氧合指数和SOD水平升高,TNF-α、MIP-2、MDA的水平和W/D比降低(P＜0.05).结论 Wy14643可减轻大鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤,且与剂量有关.     

氟比洛芬酯预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响

目的 评价氟比洛芬酯预先给药对大鼠内毒索性急性肺损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,体重190～220 g,随机分为3组:对照组(C组,n=8)、脂多糖组(LPS组,n=16)和氟比洛芬酯组(FA组,n=16).C组尾静脉注射生理盐水(NS)1 ml;LPS组尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg(1 m1);FA组尾静脉注射氟比洛芬酯6 mg/kg(1 m1)后0.5 h注射LPS 5 mg/kg(1 m1).LPS组和FA组于注射LPS后2、4 h时、C组于注射NS后4 h时,各随机处死8只大鼠,取股动脉血样8 ml,行血气分析;采用放免法测定血清血栓素B2(TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto PGF1α)的浓度;采用ELISA方法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和IL-10的浓度.取左肺上叶组织,计算肺组织湿/干重比值(W/D)和肺含水量(LC).注射LPS或NS后4 h时取左肺下叶组织,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,LPS组PaO2和PaO2/FiO2下降,PaCO2、W/D和LC升高,血清TXB2、6-keto PGF1α浓度和TXB2/6-keto PGF1α比值升高,血清TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6浓度升高,FA组W/D和LC升高,血清TXB2和6-keto PGF1α浓度升高,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10浓度升高(P<0.05或0.01).与LPS组比较,FA组PaCO2、W/D和LC降低,PaO2和PaO2/FiO2升高,血清TXB2、6-keto PGF1α浓度和TXB2/6-keto PGF1α比值降低,血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α浓度降低,血清IL-10浓度升高(P<0.05).FA组肺组织病理学损伤较LPS组轻.结论 氟比洛芬酯预先给药可减轻内毒素性急性肺损伤,可能与维持血液TXA2和PGI2平衡及抑制炎性反应有关.     

氨溴索预先给药对兔单肺通气时肺损伤的影响

目的 评价氨溴索预先给药对兔单肺通气时肺损伤的影响.方法 家兔67只随机分为4组,麻醉下气管插管,机械通气,A组(n=18)持续双肺通气4 h,B组(n=16)、C组(n=15)和D组(n=18)单肺通气2 h后恢复双肺通气2 h,C组和D组在单肺通气前分别静脉注射氨溴索5、15 mg/kg(生理盐水稀释至20 ml),B组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于麻醉前(基础状态)、单肺通气1、2 h、恢复双肺通气1、2 h时采集静脉血样,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-8浓度,进行白细胞(WBC)计数和中性粒细胞计数,最后一次采集血样后,处死动物,取双侧肺组织,光镜下观察肺组织病理学.结果 与A组比较,B组、C组和D组SOD活性降低,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、WBC计数和中性粒细胞计数升高(P<0.05或0.01).与B组比较,C组和D组SOD活性升高,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、WBC计数和中性粒细胞计数降低(P<0.05或0.01).C组和D组间上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组双侧肺组织未见明显损伤;C组和D组非通气侧肺组织损伤轻于B组.结论 静脉注射氨溴索5、15 mg/kg可减轻单肺通气诱发兔肺损伤,其机制与抑制炎性反应及脂质过氧化反应有关.     

氟比洛芬酯对大鼠机械通气所致肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨氟比洛芬酯对大鼠机械通气所致肺损伤的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠40只,体重300～350 g,随机分为4组(n=10),常规潮气量通气组(TV组,潮气量8 ml/ks)、大潮气量通气组(HV组,潮气量40 ml/ks)、大潮气量通气+氟比洛芬酯5 ms/kg组(HV+F1组)和大潮气量通气+氟比洛芬酯10 mg/kg组(HV+F2组).HV+F1组和HV+F2组于机械通气前15 min时分别静脉注射氟比洛芬酯5、10 mg/ks.于机械通气4 h时处死大鼠,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、血栓素B2(TXB2)和总蛋白浓度,计数白细胞及计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D),光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与TV组相比,HV组BALF TNF-α、IL-6、TXB2、总蛋白浓度、白细胞计数和肺组织W/D升高(P<0.05),肺组织发生病理学损伤;与HV组相比,HV+F1组和HV+F2组BALF TNF-α、IL-6、TXB2、总蛋白浓度、白细胞计数和肺组织W/D降低(P<0.05),肺组织病理学损伤减轻;HV+F2组BALF TNF-α和TXB2浓度低于HV+F1组(P<0.05),其余指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 氟比洛芬酯可通过抑制炎性反应减轻大鼠机械通气所致肺损伤.     

雾化吸入和静脉注射米力农对大鼠急性肺损伤疗效的比较

目的 比较雾化吸入和静脉注射米力农对大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的疗效.方法 SD大鼠40只,体重300～350 g,随机分为4组(n=10):对照组(Ⅰ组)、ALI组(Ⅱ组)、米力农雾化吸入组(Ⅲ组)和米力农静脉注射组(Ⅳ组).Ⅰ组经右颈外静脉插管注入0.1%BSA溶液2 ml/kg;Ⅱ组经20 min注入油酸混悬液2 ml/kg;Ⅲ组注入油酸后30 min雾化吸入1 mg/ml米力农10 min,每60分钟重复一次,共4次;Ⅳ组注入油酸后30 min经右颈外静脉注射米力农10 μg/kg,然后静脉输注米力农1 μg·kg-1·min-1 10min,每60分钟重复一次,共4次.各组于第4次治疗结束后放血处死大鼠.于治疗开始即刻、第1次治疗时、第2次治疗时、第3次治疗时和第4次治疗时,记录平均动脉压(MAP)和肺动脉压(PAP),测定动脉血气和混合静脉血气,计算氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)和肺内分流率(Qs/Qt).回收支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),进行中性粒细胞计数,采用Bradford法测定蛋白浓度;测定肺组织湿,干重比(W/D)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;观察肺组织超微结构.结果 与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组第3次治疗和第4次治疗时MAP和Pa02/FiO2降低,第4次治疗时PAP和Qs/Qt升高,BALF蛋白浓度、中性粒细胞计数和肺组织W/D、MPO活性均升高(P＜0.05).结论 雾化吸入米力农减轻大鼠ALI的作用优于静脉注射米力农,对血液动力学影响小.     

Rho/Rock 信号通路在大鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤中的作用

目的评价Rho/Rock信号通路在大鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤(ventilator-induced lung injury,VILI)中的作用。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠96只,12~15周龄,体重300~350g,采用随机数字表法将大鼠随机分为四组:空白对照组(C组)、Rho激酶抑制药法舒地尔组(F组)、高潮气量组(H组)和高潮气量+Rho激酶抑制药法舒地尔组(HF组),每组24只。C组和F组不行机械通气,H组和HF组行高潮气量40ml/kg机械通气4h。F组和HF组在机械通气前1h给予腹腔注射法舒地尔10mg/kg。分别于通气前(T0)、通气后4h(T1)、8h(T2)和24h(T3)每组随机取6只大鼠,采集血样,测定血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10浓度;采血结束后处死大鼠,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),采用考马斯亮兰法检测BALF总蛋白;测定肺组织湿/干重比(W/D);光镜下行肺组织病理学损伤评分;采用分光光度法检测肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;采用Western blot和RT-PCR法分别检测肺组织RhoA、Rock2蛋白含量和mRNA表达水平。结果与C组比较,T1~T3时H组和HF组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10浓度、BALF总蛋白含量、肺组织W/D、病理学损伤评分、MPO活性、RhoA、Rock2蛋白含量和mRNA表达水平明显升高(P0.05);与H组比较,T1~T3时HF组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度、BALF总蛋白含量、肺组织W/D、病理学损伤评分、MPO活性、RhoA、Rock2蛋白含量和mRNA表达水平明显下降,血清IL-10浓度明显升高(P0.05)。结论Rho激酶抑制药法舒地尔可减轻大鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤,其机制可能与其抑制Rho/Rock信号通路,降低肺组织内炎性反应有关。     

脑死亡供体鼠吸入一氧化碳对受体鼠移植肺损伤的影响

目的 评价脑死亡供体鼠吸入一氧化碳(CO)对受体鼠移植肺损伤的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠24只,体重250～300 g,随机分为3组(n=8),接受非脑死亡供体肺组(NBD组)供体鼠颅内置入Fogarty导管,但不诱导脑死亡,观察2.5 h;接受吸入氧气的脑死亡供体肺组(BDO2组)供体鼠确认脑死亡后吸入40%氧气2 h;接受吸入CO的脑死亡供体肺组(BDCO组)供体鼠确认脑死亡后吸入40%氧气和0.025%CO混合气2 h.处理结束后取供体左肺,进行原位异体肺移植,受体鼠每30 min进行一次动脉血气分析.肺移植成功后2 h处死受体鼠,采集右股动脉血样,采用嘌呤氧化酶法测定血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)浓度;采用ELISA法测定血浆白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和IL-10浓度.计算移植肺组织湿/干重比(W/D);测定移植肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,并进行移植肺组织损伤评分.结果 与C组比较,BDO2组和BDCO组PaO2/FiO2、BE、pH值和血浆SOD活性、IL-10浓度降低,移植肺组织W/D、MPO活性、损伤评分和血浆MDA、IL-6、TNF-α浓度升高(P<0.05);与BD02组比较,BDCO组PaO2/FiO2、BE、pH值和血浆SOD活性、IL-10浓度升高,移植肺组织W/D、MPO活性、损伤评分和血浆MDA、IL-6、TNF-α浓度降低(P<0.05).结论 脑死亡供体鼠吸入CO 2 h可减轻受体鼠移植肺损伤,其机制可能是吸入CO提高了移植肺的抗氧化能力,减轻了移植后局部和全身炎性反应.     

戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB的影响

目的 探讨戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时NF-κB的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠35只,体重210～280 g,随机分为5组(n=7):对照组(C组)、ALI组和低、中、高剂量戊乙奎醚组(P1-3组).采用经尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg的方法建立大鼠ALI模型.C组和ALI组经腹腔注射生理盐水0.5 ml,P1～3组分别经腹腔注射戊乙奎醚0.03、0.1和3 mg/kg,30 min后ALI组、P1～3组制备AU模型,C组不制备模型.于静脉注射LPS后4 h时,行血气分析,计算氧合指数;称量肺组织湿重(W)、干重(D),计算W/D;采用比色法测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;采用RT-PCR法测定肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)mRNA的表达水平;采用ELISA法测定肺组织TNF-α和IL-1β的含量;采用非放射性EMSA法测定肺组织NF-κB活性;采用免疫组织化学法测定肺组织NF-κB的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余各组氧合指数降低,肺组织W/D和MPO活性、TNF-α,IL-1β含量及其相应mRNA表达水平、NF-κB活性和表达水平均升高(P<0.05或0.01);与ALI组比较,P1～3组氧合指数升高,肺组织W/D和MPO活性降低,TNF-α、IL-1β含量及其相应mRNA表达水平降低,NF-κB活性和表达水平降低(P<0.05);P1～3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠急性肺损伤的机制可能与抑制NF-κB的活化,下调NF-κB的表达,降低肺组织炎性反应有关.     

吸入一氧化碳对大鼠脑死亡致肺损伤的影响

目的 评价吸入一氧化碳(CO)对大鼠脑死亡致肺损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性Wistar 大鼠24只,随机分为3组(n=8),假手术组(SH组)颅内置入Fogarty管,但不诱导脑死亡,吸入40%氧气,持续150 min;脑死亡组(BD组)膨胀Fogarty球囊,确认脑死亡后吸入40%氧气,持续120 min;脑死亡+CO组(BDCO组)膨胀Fogarty球囊,确认脑死亡后吸人40%氧气+0.025%CO混合气,持续120 min.于麻醉前、确认脑死亡即刻、吸入CO 30、60、90、120 min时行动脉血气分析;于吸人CO 120 min时.检测血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和IL-10的浓度;计算肺湿干重比(W/D);检测肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,行肺组织损伤评分.结果 与SH组比较,BD组和BDCO组脑死亡后PaO2/FiO:、BE和pH值下降,血浆IL-6、TNF-α和IL-10的浓度和肺组织损伤评分升高,BD组肺W/D、MPO活性升高(P<0.05);与BD组比较,BDCO组脑死亡后PaO2/FiO2、BE、pH值和血浆IL-10浓度升高,肺组织MPO活性、血浆IL-6、TNF-α的浓度和肺组织损伤评分降低(P<0.05).结论 吸入CO可减轻大鼠脑死亡诱发的肺损伤,其机制可能与CO降低肺组织局部和全身炎性反应有关.     

不同剂量6%HES 130/0.4容量治疗对失血性休克大鼠肺损伤的影响

目的 评价不同剂量6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6%HES 130/0.4)容量治疗对失血性休克大鼠肺损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组(n=6),假手术组(S组)、乳酸钠林格氏液组(RS组)和6%HES130/0.4 33ml/kg组(H1组)、6%HES130/0.4 50ml,kg组(H2组).除S组外,RS组、H1组和H2组均经右颈总动脉放血,制备失血性休克模型.于模型制备成功后RS组静脉输注3倍最大放血量的乳酸钠林格氏液;H1组和H2组分别静脉输注33、50ml/kg 6%HES 130/0.4和乳酸钠林格氏液(总量均为3倍最大放血量),容量治疗时间45 min.于放血前(T0,基础状态)、容量治疗结束后2 h(T1)、3 h(T2)时采集动脉血样,进行血气分析,计算PaO2/FiO2;最后一次采集血样后,进行支气管肺泡灌洗,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)蛋白浓度,取肺组织测定湿,干重比(W/D比值)、TNF-α、m-1β和IL-10的含量,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,RS组、H1组和H2组肺组织TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10含量、BALF蛋白浓度和W/D比值升高,RS组T1.2时PaO2/FiO2降低,H2组T2时PaO2/FiO2降低(P<0.05),H1组T1.2时PaO2/FiO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与RS组比较,H1组和H2组肺组织TNF-α、IL-1β含量、BALF蛋白浓度和W/D比值降低,H1组T1.2时,H2组T1时PaO2/FiO2升高(P<0.05).与H1组比较,H2组T2时PaO2/FiO2降低,肺组织IL-10含量降低(P<0.05).H1组和H2组肺组织病理损伤程度轻于RS组,其中H1组病理学损伤程度最轻.结论 6%HES 130/0.4 33和50 ml/kg容量治疗均可减轻失血性休克大鼠肺损伤,33 ml/kg效果更好.