戊型肝炎疫苗研究进展

戊型肝炎(戊肝)病毒(HEV)经粪-口途径传播,有嗜肝性,发病时表现为急性肝炎.在亚洲及非洲发展中国家均有传播,中国亦有分布.在发达国家,HEV主要影响猪和禽的养殖,密切接触生猪及鲜猪肉的人群中,抗-HEV抗体阳性率较高.虽然在发达国家仅有零星病例,但是普通人群中抗体阳性率比预期要高[1].在中亚和东南亚,HEV是急性临床型肝炎病例最主要的病原体,而在中非、东非和北非,HEV是造成肝病的第二位原因(仅次于HBV)[1].HEV感染的病死率为1%～4%[1],孕妇感染后病死率可高达20%[1,2].HEV分5个基因型,其中1、2型感染人类,3、4型可感染人和猪,5型感染鸟类[1].     

戊型肝炎流行病学及治疗进展

戊型肝炎 (hepatitis E)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性病毒性肝炎,主要经粪口途径传播,也有经输血传播的报道[1].HEV目前主要有7个基因型(HEV1～7)[2],其中HEV1～4与人类疾病关系最为密切.HEV1和HEV2只感染人,主要流行于卫生条件较差的发展中国家,常因水源被污染而造成大规模流行.发达国家以人畜共患的HEV3和HEV4感染引起的散发病例为主,多由摄入未煮熟的被HEV污染的动物肉类引起[1].     

中国戊型肝炎病毒4型的流行病学、分子生物学和家畜感染研究

项目名称:戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因工程疫苗的研制项目来源:国家高科技“863”计划资助项目(2001AA215421)国家科委重大专项课题(2002AA2Z3342)、人事部回国人员基金资助项目项目负责人:王佑春(100050北京,中国药品生物制品检定所)起止时间:2001～2003年项目获奖:北京市2002年度科技进步二等奖戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV)是肠道传播性非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原 ,主要经污染的水源传播 ,也可通过食物传播。该病毒既能引起大规模的爆发性流行 ,也可引起急性散发性肝炎。我国为HEV的流行区 ,该病毒曾在新疆发生流行 ,约有1 0万余人感染[1 ] ;在我国…     

戊型肝炎病毒的动物宿主研究进展

戊型肝炎病毒 (hepatitisEvirus,HEV)是 1 982年发现的一种新型肝炎病毒[1 ] ,当时称为肠道传播的非甲非乙型肝炎病毒 ,1 989年正式命名为HEV。其基因组为单股正链RNA ,全长约 7.2kb,基因组编码区有 3个开放读码框架(ORFs)。HEV至少有 8个基因型[2 ] ;基因 1型和 2型分别为亚非型和墨西哥型 ;美国的猪和人HEV为基因 3型 ;中国的北京株和台湾株HEV属于基因 4型 ;欧洲株、意大利株和希腊株等属于HEV基因 5～ 8型。HEV主要经粪 口途径传播 ,有流行和散发两种形式。流行主要发生在发展中国家 ,多因水源被污染引起。散发主要发生在欧…     

上海地区基因Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒基因变异分析

戊型肝炎(戊肝)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性传染性疾病,经粪-口途径传播.目前国际上将HEV主要划分为4个基因型[1].该病毒可引起散发,也能引起暴发流行.我国新疆1986-1988年曾发生戊肝暴发流行,为水源性传播,经研究证实为基因I型HEV[2].近年我国戊肝患者有持续上升趋势,在我国14个省市的戊肝患者血清中分离出基因Ⅳ型HEV,上海市在散发急性戊肝患者中分离的HEV亦属于Ⅳ型[3-4].     

上海地区基因Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒基因变异分析

戊型肝炎(戊肝)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性传染性疾病,经粪-口途径传播.目前国际上将HEV主要划分为4个基因型[1].该病毒可引起散发,也能引起暴发流行.我国新疆1986-1988年曾发生戊肝暴发流行,为水源性传播,经研究证实为基因I型HEV[2].近年我国戊肝患者有持续上升趋势,在我国14个省市的戊肝患者血清中分离出基因Ⅳ型HEV,上海市在散发急性戊肝患者中分离的HEV亦属于Ⅳ型[3-4].     

上海地区基因Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒基因变异分析

戊型肝炎(戊肝)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性传染性疾病,经粪-口途径传播.目前国际上将HEV主要划分为4个基因型[1].该病毒可引起散发,也能引起暴发流行.我国新疆1986-1988年曾发生戊肝暴发流行,为水源性传播,经研究证实为基因I型HEV[2].近年我国戊肝患者有持续上升趋势,在我国14个省市的戊肝患者血清中分离出基因Ⅳ型HEV,上海市在散发急性戊肝患者中分离的HEV亦属于Ⅳ型[3-4].     

戊型肝炎病毒基因分型及动物感染率的研究进展

戊型肝炎(戊肝)病毒(HEV)主要经粪-口途径传播,多发生在卫生条件较差的发展中国家,常因水源被污染而造成大规模的流行;发达国家主要是散发病例,多由食入污染的食物引起[1].     

盐城市农村一般人群戊肝病毒感染状况的调查

戊型肝炎(简称戊肝)是由戊肝病毒(hepatitis Evirus,HEV)感染的经肠道传播的急性病毒性肝炎,临床表现类似甲型肝炎,但黄疸较为常见,一般呈良性经过,且孕妇感染病情较重。戊肝的病死率为0.5%~3%,孕妇可高达15%~25%[1]。盐城市一直是病毒性肝炎的高发区,通过多年来甲肝疫苗和乙肝     

戊型病毒性肝炎研究进展

戊型病毒性肝炎（戊肝）是由戊肝病毒（HepatitisE Virus,HEV）引起的急性病毒性肝炎。HEV是一种单链、非包膜的RNA病毒,分为4个基因型,主要通过粪口途径传播,也可以通过输血传播和母婴传播。戊肝主要在发展中国家流行,但欧美等发达国家亦有散发病例。戊肝是一种人畜共患病。酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）是目前用于检测血清HEV抗体最常用的方法。HEV RNA检测可证实HEV感染。目前,HEV疫苗的研究主要集中在HEV基因工程疫苗的研制。2012年10月HEV疫苗上市。采用切断传播途径为主的综合性预防措施可控制该病的流行,接种疫苗也是预防戊型肝炎的重要措施。     

卢龙县戊型肝炎流行特征调查

１９９４年５月至１９９５年４月间对卢龙县医院门诊就诊的１５７例散发性急性肝炎病人和５７例急性爆发流行的肝炎病人进行了戊型肝炎的病原和流行病学调查。结果：散发性急性肝炎中戊型肝炎感染率为１．４６％，急性暴发肝炎病人中戊肝感染率为１．４０％。流行特点均为散发，多与甲型肝炎呈混合感染，发病年龄平均为１７．１３岁。大于甲肝的发病年龄。发病多为８￣９月份与甲肝相似。     

华东和华南地区商品猪戊型肝炎病毒携带率和基因分型分析

Objective To determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis E virus (HEV)among commercial swine population in Eastern and Southern China. Methods Six hundred specimens of swine bile collected from 5 slaughterhouses in Eastern and Southern China from 2007 to 2009 were tested for HEV RNA using nested RT-PCR. PCR products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results Forty-seven out of the 600 samples (7.83%) were positive for HEV RNA. Based on the 150 nt fragment within HEV ORF2, data from phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 47 HEV isolates were identified to be genotype Ⅳ, sharing 75.0%-83.4%, 75.0%-84.6%, 71.9%-80.7% and 88.1%-91.5% nucleotide identities with prototype Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ HEV strains respectively while majority of the isolates clustered within their respective isolation sites. Conclusion HEV was widespread in commercial swine population in Eastern and Southern China that raised a serious concern about the safety regarding the consumption of pork products.     

华东和华南地区商品猪戊型肝炎病毒携带率和基因分型分析

Objective To determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis E virus (HEV)among commercial swine population in Eastern and Southern China. Methods Six hundred specimens of swine bile collected from 5 slaughterhouses in Eastern and Southern China from 2007 to 2009 were tested for HEV RNA using nested RT-PCR. PCR products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results Forty-seven out of the 600 samples (7.83%) were positive for HEV RNA. Based on the 150 nt fragment within HEV ORF2, data from phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 47 HEV isolates were identified to be genotype Ⅳ, sharing 75.0%-83.4%, 75.0%-84.6%, 71.9%-80.7% and 88.1%-91.5% nucleotide identities with prototype Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ HEV strains respectively while majority of the isolates clustered within their respective isolation sites. Conclusion HEV was widespread in commercial swine population in Eastern and Southern China that raised a serious concern about the safety regarding the consumption of pork products.     

戊型肝炎病毒动物宿主及跨种传播的研究进展

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是戊型肝炎的病原体,它是一种主要经粪-口途径传播的肝炎病毒.此文主要介绍了HEV动物宿主及其跨种传播的研究进展,为进一步研究HEV的演化和跨种传播方面提供参考.     

武汉地区戊型肝炎流行病学特点调查

目的调查武汉地区普通人群戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）感染的流行病学特点。方法2006年1—12月来武汉科技大学附属汉阳医院常规体检人员进行整群抽样并抽血,应用ELISA方法检测血清中戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）IgG水平,同时检测体检人员血清ALT水平,用统计学方法分析本地区普通人群HEV感染情况及特点。结果常规体检的3561人员中HEV总感染率为30．50％,HEV-IgG阳性率男性为37．92％,女性为23．31％;20岁以下人群阳性率〈1％,男性比女性感染率高,感染率随年龄上升而上升。HEV—IgG阳性人群ALT水平与HEV-IgG阴性人群无显著性差异。结论武汉地区男性和年长人群具有较高的HEV感染风险,20岁以下人群中HEV—IgG阳性率极低,学校等地方戊肝暴发的预防应引起高度重视。     

Hepatitis E: An emerging disease

Currently, the infection with the hepatitis E virus represents the most frequent cause for acute hepatitis and jaundice in the world. According to WHO estimations, around two billion people, representing one third of the world’s population, live in endemic areas for HEV and, therefore, are at risk of infection. In developed countries, the circulation of the virus in both human and animal (swine, boar, deer) sewage has been confirmed; however, the incidence rate is low compared to that of developing countries where outbreaks of acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route are originated, more frequently in the flooding season or after natural disasters, combined with deficient sanitary conditions.There are currently 4 known genotypes of HEV. Genotypes 1 and 2 are isolated in all human epidemic outbreaks in developing countries, while genotypes 3 and 4 are isolated not only in humans but also in animals, in both developing and industrialized countries. These data support genotypes 3 and 4 having zoonotic nature. The diagnosis of this disease is based in the detection of anti-HEV IgG and IgM in blood serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent methods. However, the method that best confirms the diagnosis is the RT-PCR, which detects HEV RNA in blood serum and also provides the genotype. The clinical course is generally that of an acute hepatitis which in some cases may require hospitalization and that, in transplant patients or HIV infected individuals can become a chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, the virus constitutes an important risk for pregnant women. The hepatitis E can present a wide range of symptoms, from a subclinical case to chronic liver disease with extrahepatic manifestations. For this reason, the diagnostic is challenging if no differential diagnosis is included. There is no specific antiviral drug for hepatitis E, but satisfactory results have been observed in some patients treated with pegylated interferon alfa2a and/or ribavirin.This revision is an update of all the molecular, epidemiological, clinic and preventive knowledge on this emergent disease up to date.     

2013年天津市河东区从业人员甲(戊)型肝炎检测结果

目的 了解天津市河东区从业人员甲型肝炎(简称甲肝)、戊型肝炎(简称戊肝)病毒感染状况,为预防和控制相关传染病提供依据.方法 数据来源于2013年天津市河东区疾病预防控制中心体检门诊,将公共场所、食品行业从业人员(简称从业人员)的血清样本检测的甲肝病毒IgM抗体(HAV-IgM)、戊肝病毒IgM抗体(HEV-IgM)结果进行统计分析.结果 全年共检查从业人员14 869人,HAV-IgM阳性的9人,HEV-IgM阳性的16人,阳性率分别为0.06％、0.11％.近期甲肝病毒感染男性为0.10％、女性为0.03％,其差异无统计学意义(x2=1.88,P＞0.05);近期戊肝病毒感染男性为0.19％、女性为0.06％,男女性差异有统计学意义(x2=6.04,P＜0.05).结论 从业人员中仍存在近期的甲、戊肝感染状况,即有传染性,所以要坚持对从业人员的定期健康检查,发现问题及时调离.     

2007-2016年苏州市戊型肝炎流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2007-2016年苏州市戊型肝炎感染的流行病学特征,为制定戊型肝炎防治策略和措施提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2007-2016年苏州市戊型肝炎的流行情况和分布特征进行统计分析。结果 2007-2016年,苏州市报告戊型肝炎病例年均发病率为1.61/10万,年均死亡率为0.005/10万,年均病死率为0.30%;在全市全年各月均有病例报告,且冬春季多发;报告发病数在前3位的地区为:张家港市、吴江区、昆山市,报告发病率在前3位的地区为:太仓市、张家港市、姑苏区;在10岁以上各年龄组均有发病,其中40~65岁年龄段报告发病数最多,男女性别比为1.58∶1;人群分类构成以农民、工人、家务及待业、离退人员居多。结论 苏州市应继续加强戊型肝炎的防控措施和策略,推广疫苗接种来预防高危人群发病是一种行之有效的方法。     

Hepatitis E vaccine: WHO position paper,May 2015 – Recommendations

This article presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of hepatitis E vaccine excerpted from the WHO position paper on hepatitis E vaccines – May 2015 recently published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1]. The current document is the first WHO position paper on hepatitis E vaccination and focuses primarily on the available evidence concerning the only hepatitis E vaccine that is currently licensed. The position paper gives consideration to the epidemiological features of the disease and assesses the use of the vaccine for public health benefits.Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. This paper reflects the recommendations of WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunization. These recommendations were discussed by SAGE at its October 2014 meeting. Evidence presented at the meeting can be accessed at http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/previous/en/index.html.