当归多糖对小鼠肝细胞辐照后Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (ASP3) on Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression of irradiated liver cells from mice.Methods Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression of liver cells in vitro exposed to 2.0 Gy rays were examined by using immunohistochemistry method.Results The expression of apoptosis-accelerating protein Bax in the irradiation group was enhanced obviously(70.83%),while apoptosis inhibiting protein Bcl-2 tended to decline(55.60%),with the statistically significant difference(P＜0.01) compared with that of the control.ASP3 pretreatmcnt could regulate Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression of liver cells,inhibiting Bax protein expression(64.14/58.37%) and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression( 59.21%/67.45%).The differences between the high dosage (100 mg/L of ASP3) and the irradiation group were statistically significant( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions ASP3 pretreatment could prohibit the apoptosis of radiationdamaged liver cells due to abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and Bax,and reduce the cell apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2/Bax protein expression so as to enhance the radiation endurance of liver cells.     

青蒿琥酯对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的放射增敏作用

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effects of artesunate on human HeLa cells of cervical cancer in vitro.Methods Hela cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays.The dose rate was 0.635 Gy/min and the radiation dose was 0,1,2,4,6 Gy,respectively.The anti-proliferation activities of artesunate on HeLa cells were evaluated with MTT assay,to determine the most appropriate drug concentration.The effect of radiosensitivity was observed by using clonogenic assay.The single-hit multitarget model was used to plot the HeLa cell's dose-survival curve,to calculate mean lethal dose,quasithreshold dose and sensitization enhancement rate,and to evaluate its radiosensitization effect.The apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry (FCM) to further test the radiation senseitization of artesunate on HeLa cells.Results The inhibition of artesunate on HeLa cells increased with concentration.In radiation group,the cell cloning efficiency were 91.67% ,82.02% ,58.60% ,25.01%,respectively,and in artesunate (2.0 μ mol/L) + radiation group,the cell cloning efficiency were 74.93% ,60.53% ,22.38% ,5.05%.In radiation group and artesunate (2.0 μmol/L) + radiation group,the mean lethal dose(D0) was 2.95 and 2.07 Gy,respectively,while the qusai-threshold dose (Dq) were 2.01 and 1.24 Gy,respectively,and SER was 1.43.Compared with 2 and 6 Gy radiation group,the apoptosis rate of drug + radiation group increased from 12.26% ,40.08% to 22.71% ,59.92%.Conclusions The inhibiting effect of artesunate on HeLa cells is concentration-dependent.Artesunate has radiosensitizing effect on HeLa cells in vitro.     

慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性作用

目的 探讨慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性.方法 雄性SD大鼠分设空白对照组、0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1低剂量镉染毒组、0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1高剂量镉染毒组、单纯照射组、低剂量镉染毒+照射组和高剂量镉染毒+照射组.腹腔注射镉染毒连续8周,1次/d,然后给予2 Gy γ照射.于照射后第10天或受照即日后继续染镉4周,心脏取血,采用多核细胞法检测外周血淋巴细胞微核率和hprt基因突变率,同时检测外周血白细胞数量变化和血镉含量.结果 大鼠低剂量镉染毒8周和12周组未观察到外周血细胞损伤,而辐射诱导的微核率(F=26.74,P<0.01和F=14.13,P＜0.05)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05)显著降低;高剂量镉染毒8周和12周组与空白对照组比较,外周血白细胞数显著增高(F=8.74,P＜0.01和F=13.11,P=0.000),淋巴细胞微核率(F=26.74,P＜0.05和F=14.13,P=0.000)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05和F=12.83,P＜0.05)明显增加,而高剂量镉染毒+照射组的基因毒性又显著高于单纯高剂量镉染毒组或单纯照射组,表现出联合毒性效应.结论 慢性、低剂量镉染毒诱导外周血淋巴细胞对辐射产生适应性效应,血镉浓度增加到613～678 μg/L时能刺激白细胞显著增加并与辐射联合作用加重对淋巴细胞的基因毒性.

Abstract：

objective To investigate the effects of chronic cadmium exposure and cadmium exposure combined with γ-ray irradiation on the peripheral lymphocytes and their genotoxicity on hprt gene.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups:①normal control group,②lowdose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,③high-dose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,④pure irradiation group exposed to whole-body γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 2 Gy for one time,⑤low-dose cadmium exposure combined with irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation,and ⑥high-dose cadmium exposure combined with whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation.Ten days after the irradiation cardiac blood samples were collected from some of the rats to culture the peripheral lymphocytes to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequency of lymphocytes bv multinucleated cell assay.The other rats underwent continuous Cd exposure for 4 weeks after γ-ray irradiation and then cardiac blood samples were collected to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequencv of lymphocytes.Meanwhile,the amount of white blood cells(WBC)was counted and the blood cadmium concentration was measured by ICP-MS.Results The numbers of WBC in the peripheral blood at different time points of the high dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(F=8.74.P<0.01 and F=13.11,P=0.000).The micronucleus rate at difierent time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13, P = 0. 000). The micronucleus rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P <0. 05 and F = 14. 13 ,P = 0. 000 ). The micronucleus rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation group( F = 26. 74, P < 0. 01 and F = 14. 13, P < 0. 05 ). The micronucleus rates of the highdose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation group ( F =26.74,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13 ,P =0. 000). The hprt mutation rates at different time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group( F = 6.60, P < 0. 01 and F = 12.83 ,P = 0. 001 ). The hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 and F = 12.83, P < 0.05 ), but not significantly different from those of the pure irradiation group. However, the hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 12. 83, P =0. 000) and high-dose cadmium group( F = 6.60,P < 0.05 and F = 12. 83, P < 0.05 ). The hprt mutation rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 ) , but not significantly different from those of the control group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to low dose cadmium induces the adaptive response of lymphocytes to radiation. The cadmium in blood at the level of 613-678 μg/L induces leukocytosis and chronic exposure to high dose cadmium combined with irradiation leads to increased genotoxicity of lymphocytes.     

非小细胞肺癌放化疗不同联合模式疗效、预后因素及不良反应分析

目的 探讨放化疗不同联合模式治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的疗效、不良反应,研究影响其预后的各种因素.方法 将151例经病理确诊的NSCLC患者按治疗模式不同分为3组,同步放化疗组(43例)、序贯放化疗组(49例)及单纯化疗组(59例),进行回顾性分析,评价疗效及不良反应,并分析预后因素.结果 同步放化组、序贯放化组及单纯化疗组有效率(CR+PR)分别为81.4%、73.5%、39.0%,中位生存时间分别为26、12和11个月,1年总生存率分别为80.2%、47.1%及45.6%,2年生存率分别为58.2%、38.5%及24.4%,3年生存率分别为32.7%、27.5%及0;3组不良反应主要为骨髓抑制反应,对于Ⅲ～Ⅳ级白细胞,同步放化组较单纯化疗组及序贯放化组下降明显(P＜0.05);而放射性食管炎及放射性肺损伤,同步放化疗组及序贯放化疗组之间差异无统计学意义;影响NSCLC预后的主要因素有年龄、PS评分、临床分期、治疗手段.结论 同期放化疗在提高中位生存时间及生存率方面优于序贯放化疗,尤其优于单纯化疗,且不良反应可以耐受.年龄、PS评分、临床分期、治疗手段对NSCLC患者生存率有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the curative effects,prognostic factors,and adverse reactions of different treatment modalities of chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods151 NSCLC patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups to undergo concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( n = 43 ) ,sequential chemo-radiotherapy ( n = 49 ) ,or pure chemotherapy (n = 59).The clinical data were analyzed.ResultsThe short-term effective rates of the concurrent and sequential chemo-radiotherapy groups were 81.4% and 73.5% respectively with no significantly difference between them,but both significantly higher than that of the pure chemotherapy group ( 39.0% ,both P ＜ 0.05 ).The mortality of the concurrent cherno-radiation group was 53.5% ,significantly lower than those of the sequential chemo-radiotherapy and pure chemotherapy groups (67.3% and 67.8% respectively,both P ＜0.05).The median survival time of the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group was 26 months,significantly longer than those of the sequential chemo-radiotherapy and pure chemotherapy groups ( 12 and 11 months respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).The l-year survival rates of the 3 groups were 80.2% ,47.1%,and 45.6%.The 2-year survival rates were 58.2% ,38.5% ,and 24.4% ,and the 3-year survival rates were 32.7% ,27.5% ,and 0,respectively.The white blood cell decrease rates of the grades Ⅲ～Ⅳ of the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (both P ＜0.05 ).There were no significant differences in the rates of radiation esophagitis and radiation pneumonitis between the concurrent and sequential chemo-radiotherapy groups.Age,performance status score,clinical staging,and treatment modality were the 4 influencing factors in the prognosis of NSCLC ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Relatively safe with tolerable adverse reactions,concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is superior to sequential chemo-radiotherapy,particularly to pure chemotherapy,in increase of median survival time and survival rate in treatment of NSCLC.Age,PS,clinical staging and therapy method are independent indicators influencing the prognosis.     

氯氧喹对Lewis肺癌细胞及荷瘤小鼠的辐射增敏作用

目的 研究氯氧喹联合X射线对Lewis肺癌细胞及荷瘤小鼠的辐射增敏作用.方法 细胞及动物实验均设置为对照组、给药组、照射组及给药+照射组(联合组)4个组别.采用体外细胞培养MTT检测及荷瘤动物模型观察方法,分别予以不同处理因素后,细胞实验用MTT法检测各组别细胞吸光度(A)值;小鼠皮下接种Lewis肺癌细胞,予以相关处理因素后,观察记录肿瘤生长情况并测量其长、宽径从而计算出肿瘤抑制率及肿瘤生长延迟.照射结束后眼静脉采血,检测各组小鼠血液标本中细胞成分数量的变化情况.结果 MTT实验结果显示,细胞照射24 h后,给药+照射组SF值较单纯照射组有一定的降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而照射48 h后,在10、20、40和80 mg/L浓度下,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=3.22、4.23、4.46和4.58,P＜0.05).动物实验结果显示,给药+照射组的肿瘤生长曲线明显较单纯照射组低平,但差异无统计学意义;给药+照射组的肿瘤控制率及肿瘤生长延迟远高于单独给药组及照射组(t=3.15～3.59,P＜0.05).另外,氯氧喹并未增加辐射对小鼠血液细胞成分的不良反应.结论 氯氧喹对Lewis肺癌细胞及荷瘤小鼠均具有明显的辐射增敏作用,对小鼠血液系统未见明显不良反应,值得进一步深入研究.

Abstract：

Objective To study whether Chloroxoquinoline could enhance the radiation sensitivity of Lewis lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors in tumor-bearing mice.Methods Both cell and animal experiments were divided into control group,drug group,irradiation group and combination group.MTT assay was used to detect the optical density of Lewis lung cancer cells cultured in vitro.The model of tumor-bearing mice was established first and then the tumor diameters of different groups were measured to figure out the tumor control rates and tumor growth delay.After irradiation,the blood samples in each group were collected to detect the amount of blood cells.Results MTT showed 24 hours after irradiation,the cell survival fraction of combination group was lower than that of irradiation group,but no statistical differences (P ＞ 0.05).However,48 hours later,the cell survival fraction of combination group was obviously lower than irradiation group with statistically significant differences( t = 3.22,4.23,4.46,4.58,P ＜ 0.05).Animal experiments showed the tumor growth curve of combination group was significantly lower than irradiation group.The tumor control rate and tumor growth delay of combination group was more above the other groups ( t = 3.15-3.59,P ＜ 0.05 ).Additionally,according to the analysis of blood samples,the hematological toxicity of chloroxoquinoline on mice was not found.Conclusion Chloroxoquinoline shows its radiation sensitizing effect on Lewis lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors in mice without hematological toxicity.     

X射线对人肺癌A549细胞CCR7表达影响的研究

目的 研究不同剂量X射线照射及照射后不同时间点对人肺癌A549细胞CC-趋化因子受体7(CCR7)表达的影响.方法 体外培养A549细胞,实验组采用直线加速器X射线一次性照射,细胞吸收剂量分别为2、4、6和8 Gy(源皮距100 cm;剂量率442.89 cGy/min),照射后4、12、24、48和72 h分别采用实时荧光定量PCR技术及Western blot方法分别进行CCR7 mRNA及蛋白质表达水平检测;对照组A549细胞除不接受x射线照射外,余处理同实验组.结果 A549细胞经2、4、6和8 Gy的X射线照射后,CCR7 mRNA及蛋白质在照射4 h后开始表达升高,达到高峰后相继出现下降;72 h后6和8 Gy组mRNA表达量仍高于对照组水平(t=6.75～7.26,P＜0.01),2和6 Gy组蛋白质表达量高于对照组(t=11.13～14.17,P＜0.01),而4和8 Gy组蛋白质表达量在48和72 h已降至对照组水平.结论 2、4、6和8 Gy的X射线照射A549细胞后,A549细胞CCR7mRNA及蛋白质的表达量明显增加,可能与一定剂量X射线辐射促进A549细胞增殖和转移有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.     

安多霖对高功率微波辐射大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

Objective To investigate the protection function of Anduolin (ADL) against exposure to high power microwave,and to probe the mechanism involved.Methods The SPF-class nude rats were randomly divided into ADL groups (Dose of 3,6 and 9 g/kg body weight),model group and control group.Rats in ADL groups were continuously ingested with ADL for 20 d.The rats in ADL groups and model group were exposed to high power microwave at average power density of 100 mW/cm2 for 10 min.Their testes were excised at 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to microwave.Apoptosis of spormatogenic cells and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected with in situ end-labeling method and immuno-histochemistry method,respectively.Results At 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to high power microwave,compared with control group,the counts of apoptotic spermatagenic cells in exposed model group were increased significantly (t=-41.89,-11.29 and -62.24,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in exposed group was decreased significantly( t=8.49,4.36 and 4.47,P＜0.05).At the same time,compared with the exposed group,the counts of apoptotie spormatogenic cells in 3,6,and 9 g/kg ADL groups were reduced significandy( F=5.25,9.79 and 15.35,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was enhanced significandy( F=20.17,11.75 and 11.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions The high power microwave could induce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.ADL protect the spermatogenic cells via the ratio Bel-2/Bax increasing.     

氮氧自由基R-1对人肝细胞L-02的辐射防护作用

目的 探讨氮氧自由基R-1(简称R-1)对人肝细胞L-02的辐射防护作用.方法 在L-02细胞培养液中,加入终浓度为0、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、32μmol/L的R-1,作用24、48和72 h.用MTT法测定R-1的毒性作用,以筛选合适的R-1浓度.后续实验选择0.125、0.25、0.5、1 μmol/L 4个浓度组检测其防护作用.设终浓度4 mmol/L的细胞保护剂WR2721为阳性对照组.采用60Coγ射线照射,吸收剂量为0、1、2、4、8 Gy,照射72 h后,进行MTT比色法.L-02细胞分为2组:照射前30 min加药组和照射后立即加药组.终浓度均为0.25 μmol/L,吸收剂量为4 Gy,照射后72 h进行MTT比色实验.照射后10 d,用克隆形成实验检测不同浓度的R-1对L-02细胞活力的影响.选用防护效果最佳的0.25μmol/L浓度对细胞进行预处理,分别在4 Gy照射后的24、48和72 h,用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,Hoechst 33258荧光染色法和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.结果 当R-1浓度低于1 μmoL/L时,与0 μmol/L组相比,L-02细胞各时间点的吸光度(A)值无明显变化;而浓度高于2 μmol/L时,与0 μmol/L组相比,其A值随浓度的增高而下降.选用0、0.125、0.25、0.5、1μmol/L的浓度组.与照射组相比,R-1各浓度组的A值和克隆形成率明显提高,其中0.25μmol/L组的作用最明显.与照射组相比,0.25 μmol/L预处理组的L-02细胞贴壁好,折光性强,轮廓清晰,凋亡细胞和死亡细胞明显较少.结论 R-1能有效地防护60Coγ射线对L-02细胞的辐射损伤,其防护作用可能与减少细胞凋亡有关.

Abstract：

Objcetive To investigate the protective effects of the nitroxides R-1 on human liver cells exposed to ionizing radiation.Methods Human liver cells L-02 were cultured and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy,in order to screen the proper irradiation dose.WR2721 at the terminal concentration of 4 mmol/L was used as positive control.L-02 cells irradiated with 4 Gy were added with R-1 at the terminal concentration of 0.25 μmol/L at 30 min before irradiation or immediately after irradiation.MIT method was used to screen the proper conditions for follow-up experiment 72 h later.L-02 cell culture fluid was added with R-1 at the concentrations of 0,0.125,0.25,0.5,and 1 μmol/L,respectively for 30 min before irradiation at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy to ealculate clone formation rate at 10 d post-irradiation.L-02 cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group without any treatment.drug group pretreated by 0.25 μmol/L R-1 only,irradiation group,irradiated at 4 Gy only,and drug + irradiation group with combination of 0.25 μmol/L R-01 and 4 Gy irradiation.The inverted microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining and flow eytometry were used to observe the apoptosis of the cells at 24,48,and 72 h later.Results Nitroxides R-1 did not inhibit the viability of L-02 cell when its concentration was less than 1 μmol/L and it inhibited the L-02 cell growth when the concentration wu higher than 2 μmoL/L.The A value and colony formation rate of different concentration of R-1 groups were all higher than those of the irradiation group,and the effect of the 0.25 μmol/L drug concentration group was the most significant.Consequently,the concentration 0.25 μmoL/L was selected for follow-up experiment.Compared with the irradiation group,the L-02 cells of the pretreatment group showed solid adherence, increased refraction,clear outline,less apoptotic and dead cells at 4 Gy post-irradiation.Conclusions Nitroxides R-1 can protect the human liver cells from 60Coγ-ray induced injury effectively.The mechanism of its protective effect may be the reduction of apoptosis.     

氮氧自由基R-1对人肝细胞L-02的辐射防护作用

Objcetive To investigate the protective effects of the nitroxides R-1 on human liver cells exposed to ionizing radiation.Methods Human liver cells L-02 were cultured and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy,in order to screen the proper irradiation dose.WR2721 at the terminal concentration of 4 mmol/L was used as positive control.L-02 cells irradiated with 4 Gy were added with R-1 at the terminal concentration of 0.25 μmol/L at 30 min before irradiation or immediately after irradiation.MIT method was used to screen the proper conditions for follow-up experiment 72 h later.L-02 cell culture fluid was added with R-1 at the concentrations of 0,0.125,0.25,0.5,and 1 μmol/L,respectively for 30 min before irradiation at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy to ealculate clone formation rate at 10 d post-irradiation.L-02 cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group without any treatment.drug group pretreated by 0.25 μmol/L R-1 only,irradiation group,irradiated at 4 Gy only,and drug + irradiation group with combination of 0.25 μmol/L R-01 and 4 Gy irradiation.The inverted microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining and flow eytometry were used to observe the apoptosis of the cells at 24,48,and 72 h later.Results Nitroxides R-1 did not inhibit the viability of L-02 cell when its concentration was less than 1 μmol/L and it inhibited the L-02 cell growth when the concentration wu higher than 2 μmoL/L.The A value and colony formation rate of different concentration of R-1 groups were all higher than those of the irradiation group,and the effect of the 0.25 μmol/L drug concentration group was the most significant.Consequently,the concentration 0.25 μmoL/L was selected for follow-up experiment.Compared with the irradiation group,the L-02 cells of the pretreatment group showed solid adherence, increased refraction,clear outline,less apoptotic and dead cells at 4 Gy post-irradiation.Conclusions Nitroxides R-1 can protect the human liver cells from 60Coγ-ray induced injury effectively.The mechanism of its protective effect may be the reduction of apoptosis.     

急性一氧化碳中毒大鼠脑组织Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达及高压氧的干预作用

目的 观察急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒后大鼠脑组织Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达的改变,为急性CO中毒后迟发性脑病delayed neuropathological sequelae,DNS)的发病机制提供新的证据.方法 50只SD雄性大鼠按数字表法随机分为对照组,染毒后1、3、7 组和高压氧(HBO)治疗7 d组,每组10只.采用HE染色、免疫组织化学染色及Western blot方法,观察染毒后各时间点大鼠脑组织损伤及Fas、caspase-3蛋白表达情况.结果 对照组Fas和caspase-3均表达极低,染毒后1 d,Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达均迅速增加,染毒后3 d达到高峰,3 d与7 d组表达无明显差别,HBO治疗组Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达均较染毒后7 d组显著减少(P<0.01),但仍高于对照组(P<0.05).Fas和caspase-3蛋白表达改变与脑组织损伤程度呈一致变化.结论 Fas蛋白表达和细胞凋亡是CO中毒后DNS的发生机制之一,HBO可能通过减少Fas蛋白表达和抑制细胞凋亡而减轻脑组织的损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate changes in the expression of Fas and caspase-3 in the brain of rats with acute CO poisoning and also to provide new evidence for pathogenic mechanism of delayed neuropathological sequelae (DNS) after CO exposure.Methods Fifty SD male rats were randomly assigned to the control group, the 1, 3, and 7 d CO exposure groups and the 7 d HBO treatment group, each consisting of 10 rats. HE, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were performed to study the expression of Fas and caspase-3 in the brain tissue, following intoxication at various time points.Results The expression of both Fas and caspase-3 were very low in the control group. One day after CO exposure, the expression of both Fas and caspase-3 increased quickly and reached peak 3 days after exposure. No significant differences in both Fas and caspase-3 expressions could be noted between the 3 d and the 7 d exposure groups. For the HBO treatment group, the expression of both Fas and caspase-3 decreased more significantly (P<0.01) as compared with that of the 7 d exposure group, but was still higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Changes in the expression of Fas and caspase-3 were closely correlated with the severity of brain injury.Conclusions The expression of Fas and apoptosis might be involved in the mechanism of DNS following CO poisoning. HBO seemed to play an important role in the alleviation of brain damage via decreasing the expression of Fas and inhibiting the apoptosis of cells.     

当归多糖对小鼠肝细胞辐照后Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨当归多糖ASP3对小鼠肝细胞培养液辐照后凋亡相关基因bcl-2和bax的蛋白表达的影响。方法 以当归多糖的自制提取物ASP3为受试物,用2.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射小鼠肝细胞。采用免疫组织化学方法,检测辐射损伤诱发的肝细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2和bax的蛋白表达。结果 辐射对照组的Bcl-2蛋白表达阳性减弱(55.60%),Bax表达明显增多(70.83%),与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。当归多糖ASP3能够调节辐照肝细胞Bcl-2家族蛋白的表达,即抑制Bax的高表达(64.14%/58.37%),同时提高Bcl-2的表达量(59.21%/67.45%),且高剂量(100 mg/L)ASP3组与辐射对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 当归多糖ASP3对辐射诱导的肝细胞凋亡有抑制作用,并通过提高Bcl-2/Bax比值减少细胞凋亡的发生,进而提高肝细胞的DNA损伤修复能力和辐射耐受性。     

兔肺动脉栓塞再灌注肺泡细胞凋亡及调控基因的实验研究

目的 探讨兔肺动脉栓塞／再灌注损伤中的细胞凋亡及其基因调控机制。方法 健康新西兰白兔36只，雌雄不拘，运用5F Berman球囊堵塞左下肺动脉，然后球囊放气，复制肺动脉栓塞缺血再灌注模型，随机分为6组：对照组，假手术组，肺栓塞1h组、肺栓塞2h组，肺栓塞2h再灌注1h组、肺栓塞2h再灌注2h组。实验结束取肺组织，测定肺组织湿干比，采用流式细胞分析法检测肺组织细胞凋亡率和免疫组织化学法检测肺上皮细胞Bax、Bcl-2、Fas／FasL蛋白表达的变化。结果兔肺动脉栓塞时肺组织细胞凋亡明显增加，再灌注后1h、2h凋亡细胞继续增加，并随着再灌注时间延长而增加（P〈0．05），Bax、Fas及FasL蛋白表达在肺动脉栓塞缺血及再灌注后明显增加（P〈O．01）。肺泡上皮细胞凋亡指数与肺组织湿干比、Bax、Fas、FasL蛋白表达之间存在非常显著的正相关关系（r=0．721，0．806，0．820，0．820；P〈0．01），与Bcl-2、Bcl-2／Bax比值呈显著负相关关系（r=-0．602，-0．829；P〈0．01）。结论肺动脉栓塞／再灌注中诱导肺组织细胞凋亡增加，肺组织细胞凋亡和Bax、Bcl-2，Fas、FasL系统活化可能参与了肺栓塞缺血再灌注肺损伤的发生。     

重离子辐射对人外周血T淋巴细胞生物学性能的影响

目的研究重离子对人外周血T淋巴细胞增殖、凋亡等生物学性能的影响并探讨其机制,为肿瘤放射治疗的辐射防护提供实验依据和基础。方法 Ficoll分离法分离人外周血T淋巴细胞,采用12C重离子束坪区照射,照射样品能量为70 MeV、LET=29 keV/μm,照射剂量为1.0和2.0 Gy,剂量率为0.5 Gy/min。分别于照射后12、24h,RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase3,Caspase8和Caspase9的表达;于照射后24、48 h,CCK8法检测细胞增殖能力;于照射后24、48 h,采用AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD、AnnexinV-FITC/PI法检测凋亡发生,并采用RT-PCR检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase3的表达。结果重离子照射可明显抑制人外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖,随着剂量增大,抑制作用更加明显。同时,重离子照射可促进T淋巴细胞的凋亡,特别是对于晚期凋亡的诱导作用（P〈0.01）。RT-PCR检测结果显示,重离子辐射可抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,促进促凋亡蛋白Bax和Caspase3的表达（P〈0.01）。结论重离子辐射可显著影响抑制T淋巴细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡。     

膀胱癌中Fas、FasL、Bcl-2及Bax的表达及意义

目的 探讨凋亡调节基因Fas、FasL、Bcl-2及Bax在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与膀胱癌发生、发展和预后之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组化染色法检测40例膀胱移行细胞癌、24例正常膀胱组织中Fas、FasL、Bcl-2及Bax的表达。结果 Fas表达于正常组织和膀胱癌组织中,FasL、Bcl-2及Bax仅表达于膀胱癌组织中;Fas的表达与膀胱癌病理分级负相关,FasL、Bcl-2的表达与膀胱癌病理分级正相关;Fas、Bax在初发膀胱癌组织中的表达大于复发膀胱癌。结论 Fas、FasL、Bcl-2及Bax的表达,可能与膀胱癌细胞的凋亡及免疫逃避等密切相关,影响膀胱癌的发生、发展和预后。     

Ox-LDL诱导人肾小球系膜细胞凋亡在慢性肾炎中的作用

目的 :探讨氧化低密度脂蛋白 (Ox-LDL)诱导肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的调控机制及其在慢性肾炎中的作用。方法 :通过人肾小球系膜细胞体外培养 ,采用原位末端标记和DNA凝胶电泳检测低浓度的Ox -LDL (0、 2 5、 5 0、10 0 μg/ml)对系膜细胞凋亡的影响 ,免疫组化维生素E干预前后Ox-LDL对系膜细胞Bax/Bcl- 2表达的影响 ;按血浆LDL水平 ,把有不同程度肾小球硬化的慢性肾炎患者肾标本分为LDL正常组和LDL升高组 ,分别采用DNA原位末端标记和免疫组化 ,检测肾小球细胞凋亡及Bax/Bcl- 2蛋白表达。结果 :低浓度Ox-LDL (0～ 10 0 μg/ml)以剂量依赖方式促进肾小球系膜细胞凋亡 ,并使肾小球系膜细胞Bax的蛋白表达呈时间 -剂量依赖性增加 ,P <0 0 1,Bcl- 2的蛋白表达轻度升高后呈时间 -剂量依赖性下降 ,P <0 0 1,导致Bax/Bcl- 2比值增大 ;维生素E干预后这种变化不明显 ,P >0 0 5。LDL升高组肾小球凋亡和Bax蛋白表达明显增加 ,P <0 0 1;Bcl- 2变化不明显 ,P >0 0 5 ,血LDL水平与肾小球硬化指数、凋亡指数、Bax/Bcl- 2比值有显著正相关关系。结论 :Ox -LDL能诱导肾小球系膜细胞凋亡 ;Bax/Bcl- 2比值上升可能是Ox -LDL诱导肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的重要机制 ;脂质异常可能是导致肾小球硬化中细胞减少的重要原因     

c-ski对大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞抗辐射作用的影响

目的 研究原癌基因c—ski对大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞抗辐射作用的影响，并探讨其可能的机理。方法 采用Annexin—V—FITC—PI标记的方法。通过流式细胞仪检测2—8Gy的软X线照射对培养的大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞凋亡的影响；观察转染c—ski基因后细胞凋亡的变化；并采用Western blot检测c—ski对凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响。结果 软X线照射以剂量依赖的方式增加细胞凋亡，并且随着时间的延长进一步增加，大约在36h时达到峰值。转染c—ski基因使4Gy照射24h后的成纤维细胞凋亡率显著下降。转染c—ski基因48h后，Bax的表达和对照组差异无统计学意义，而Bcl-2的表达显著增加。结论 c—ski可降低成纤维细胞的辐射敏感性，促进Bcl-2的表达可能是其机理之一。     

Mitochondrial and intracellular free-calcium regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis in human leukemic cells.

PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanisms and pathways of X-ray apoptosis in Molt-4 cells, focusing on mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: X-irradiated Molt-4 cells and cell extract (CE) were used to analyse: (1) induced apoptosis (Giemsa stain), (2) p53, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions (immunoblot), (3) mitochondrial potential deltapsi(m) and (4) [Ca2+]i (flow cytometry), (5) caspase-3 activity, and (6) roles of [Ca2+]- and caspase-3-mediated pathways by inhibiting either or both pathways for induced apoptosis. RESULTS: Molt-4 cells were sensitive to apoptosis since 5 Gy induced 57 and 94% apoptosis at 6 and 24 h. After 5Gy, p53 was accumulated that upregulated Bax but which repressed Bcl-2 with time, resulting in a 7-fold increase in Bax/Bxl-2 at 6 h. Predominant Bax reduced deltapsi(m), and low-deltapsi(m) cells increased 45 min earlier than apoptosis after 5 Gy. Caspase-3 was activated in apoptotic CE. The caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO inhibited apoptosis and DNA-ladder formation by approximately 50%, suggesting a approximately 50% role of caspase-3-activated DNase (CAD). [Ca2+]i was increased after 5 Gy. [Ca2+]i-chelating BAPTA-AM (5 microM) and/or DNase gamma-inhibiting Zn2+ (0.5 mM) inhibited approximately 50% of induced apoptosis and DNA-laddering, indicating a 50% participation of Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent DNase gamma. CONCLUSIONS: The p53-Bax-mitochondria-caspase-3-CAD pathway and the [Ca+2]i-mediated DNase gamma pathway were involved in the regulation of X-ray apoptosis in sensitive Molt-4 cells.     

脊柱适形调强放疗和普通放疗脊髓生物安全性的比较

目的 探讨脊柱适形调强放疗(IMRT)和普通放疗对犬脊髓的生物安全性。方法 选取纯种比格犬12只并随机分为2组,模拟犬胸9～10椎体肿瘤,以IMRT和普通放疗2种方式分别对2组比格犬胸9～10椎体给予50及70Gy剂量的放疗,于放疗3个月后活杀取材,取相同部位、相同位置的胸9～10节段脊髓行HE染色,电镜观察后,免疫组织化学法定量检测脊髓中Fas、HSP70蛋白的表达,TUNEL法定量检测脊髓中凋亡神经元。结果 照射3个月后可观察到脊髓的损伤,IMRT组脊髓神经元以可逆性损伤为主,而普通放疗组以凋亡为主。相同剂量的放疗,IMRT组细胞凋亡指数〔50Gy组为(1.2±0.7)%;70Gy组为(2.5±0.8)%〕均低于普通放疗〔50Gy组为(7.3±1.1)%,70Gy组为(11.3±1.4)%〕,两组比较差异有统计学意义(50Gy组t=0.022,P<0.05;70Gy组t=0.017,P<0.05);凋亡促进蛋白Fas表达量IMRT组(50Gy组为4.6±0.8;70Gy组为7.4±1.1)明显低于普通放疗组(50Gy组为15.1±6.4,70Gy组为19.3±7.6),两组比较差异有统计学意义(50Gy组t=0.231,P<0.05;70Gy组t=0.457,P<0.05);而凋亡抑制蛋白HSP70表达量IMRT组(50Gy组为9.1±0.8,70Gy组为7.3±1.4)明显高于普通放疗组(50Gy组为2.1±0.9,70Gy组为1.7±0.3),两组比较差异有统计学意义(50Gy组t=0.153,P<0.05;70Gy组t=0.223,P<0.05)。脊髓神经元凋亡指数与Fas/HSP70比值呈正相关(r=0.996,t=1.14,P<0.05)。结论 照射3个月后脊髓中存在着明显的放疗迟发反应。通过放疗后脊髓神经元形态学、神经元凋亡指数、凋亡相关蛋白表达等指标的测定结果提示脊柱IMRT的脊髓安全性远优于普通放疗。     

Chronic exposure to bryostatin-1 increases the radiosensitivity of U937 leukaemia cells ectopically expressing Bcl-2 through a non-apoptotic mechanism

Purpose : Ionizing radiation (IR) produced a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in U937/pCEP4 cells which was attenuated by the stable over expression of Bcl-2 (U937/Bcl-2). A dose of 2 Gy IR was selected for further analyses to determine if subsequent exposure to 10 n m bryostatin-1 would overcome the resistance to IR-induced apoptosis conferred by Bcl-2 over expression. Methods and results : Although bryostatin-1 did not increase IR-induced apoptosis in U937/pCEP4 or U937/Bcl-2 cells, it impaired mitochondrial function and increased the antiproliferative effects of IR in both cell lines. The effects were more pronounced in U937/Bcl-2 cells. Bryostatin-1 also exerted differential effects on cell-cycle distributions of U937 transfectant cells, producing a significant G 0 /G1 arrest in U937/Bcl-2 cells, while decreasing IR-induced G 2 /M arrest in U937/pCEP4 cells. Although Bcl-2 over expression attenuated IR-induced apoptosis, clonogenic survival was similar in U937/pCEP4 and U937/Bcl-2 cells following 2Gy IR treatment. Treatment with 10nm bryostatin-1 after 2 Gy IR further reduced clonogenic survival in both cell lines. Moreover, U937/Bcl-2 cells were more susceptible to the growth-inhibitory effects of IR/bryostatin-1 than U937/pCEP4 cells. Conclusions : Bryostatin-1 increased the radiosensitivity of U937 transfectant cell lines without enhancing apoptosis; furthermore, U937/Bcl-2 cells were more susceptible to IR/bryostatin1-mediated antiproliferative effects than their empty-vector counterparts.     

Chronic exposure to bryostatin-1 increases the radiosensitivity of U937 leukaemia cells ectopically expressing Bcl-2 through a non-apoptotic mechanism

PURPOSE: Ionizing radiation (IR) produced a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in U937/pCEP4 cells which was attenuated by the stable over expression of Bcl-2 (U937/Bcl-2). A dose of 2 Gy IR was selected for further analyses to determine if subsequent exposure to 10nM bryostatin- would overcome the resistance to IR-induced apoptosis conferred by Bcl-2 over expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Although bryostatin- did not increase IR-induced apoptosis in U937/pCEP4 or U937/Bcl-2 cells, it impaired mitochondrial function and increased the antiproliferative effects of IR in both cell lines. The effects were more pronounced in U937/Bcl-2 cells. Bryostatin-1 also exerted differential effects on cell-cycle distributions of U937 transfectant cells, producing a significant G0/G1 arrest in U937/Bcl-2 cells, while decreasing IR-induced G2/M arrest in U937/pCEP4 cells. Although Bcl-2 over expression attenuated IR-induced apoptosis, clonogenic survival was similar in U937/pCEP4 and U937/Bcl-2 cells following 2 Gy IR treatment. Treatment with 10nM bryostatin-1 after 2 Gy IR further reduced clonogenic survival in both cell lines. Moreover, U937/Bcl-2 cells were more susceptible to the growth-inhibitory effects of IR/bryostatin-1 than U937/pCEP4 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Bryostatin-1 increased the radiosensitivity of U937 transfectant cell lines without enhancing apoptosis; furthermore, U937/Bcl-2 cells were more susceptible to IR/bryostatin-1-mediated antiproliferative effects than their empty-vector counterparts.