Effects of antisense oligonucleotides on theexpression of macrophage migration inhibitoryfactor on macrophages

It is well known that the infiltration and prolifera tion of macrophages are the main features in manycases of experimental studies and human glomeru lonephritis, and they also play an important role inthe progressive renal injuries in the development ofglonerulonephritis [ 1 4 ]. Macrophage migrationfactor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine thatwas originally described as a product of activatedlymphocytes that inhibited the random migration ofmacrophages in vitro and promoted the acc…     

Effect of enamel-grinding on adhesionstrength of enamel-resin junction

INTRODUCTION　　 In the treatmentof labial teeth by light-cure composite resin,before acid-etchingthe artificial grinding method isusually adopted to thin the enamel supperficial layerso as to enhance the acid-etching effect and to improve the fixation of…     

Study on Singularity of Chaotic Signal Based on Wavelet Transform

INTRODUCTION The significant information of a signal is often carried by singular characteristics or irregular struc-tures of the signal, for example, the most important information of ECG(electrocardiogram) or EEG isoften presented at the transient points of a signal, such as those points near peaks. The singular charac-teristics of these transient points are more obvious than the smooth parts of signals. Therefore,to studythe singularity of a signal is a meaningful work. Those analysi…     

Effects of Astragdus Extract on Atherosis

1 IntroductionAtherosis(AS) is one of diseases nowadays having the highest incidence and the biggest harm. It is the main cause to myocardial infarction,stroke and gangrene of limbs. Its pathological change begin with the function change of endothenial cells, the main of which are the hyperplasia of the vascular smooth muscle cell,soakage of lipid and form of the spot~([2]). We fed lunar calendar rabbit the high cholesterol and the refining lard 10 weeks as they appear typical model AS patho…     

Evaluation on Immunogenic Different Kinds of Evaluation onEvaluation on Immunogenicity and Immune Efficacy of Different Kinds of Hepatitis B Vaccines

Hepatitis B vaccine, as the first high effective recombi nant commercial vaccine, was successfully developed inthe early 1980s. Since then, different opinions have oc curred on the quality of vaccines with rapid developmentof target gene selecting, antigen expression system, andquality evaluation. Different antigens of hepatitis B vac cines are derived from different expression system, andthere are also some differences on manufacture procedureor glycosylated degree of antigen. So ther…     

Study of BMP''''s affection on solidification and properties of CPC

to study the affection of loading rh BMP-2 in CPC on the CPC s solidificationand the compound` s properties such as ingredient,biomechanics strength,crystalstructure and cellular structure,and by whatratio the affection can be minimized;toprovide the theoretical basis for compounding rh BMP-2 with CPC.Methods:CPCand rh BMP-2 were compounded in the ratio of 1 g CPC powder to 1 ,3 ,5,1 0 mgrh BMP-2 respectively.Such indexes as solidifying time,maximum breakingstrength,maximum compressi…     

Application of fibrin glue on endoscopic liposuction

OBJECTIVE　　To deserve the effects of FG( Fibrin Glue) on endoscopic liposuction.Methods:From Oct. 1 998to Aug. 2 0 0 0 forty cases were undergoing for the liposuction.Atthe aids of tumescent teachnique,endoscopy and FG were used,of which 2 0 casesoperation on their abdominal walls,8cases upperabdomen wallsand1 2 cases ownerabdominal.Routine plastic surgical preparatory procedure was adopted,the skin in-cision line and anesthesia was classical.The new method which combned techniqueof …     

Effects of Low-Dose γ-Irradiation on the Counts of Immunocompetent Cells in a Model Experiment on Primates

Cellular immunity was studied by flow cytometry with Becton Dickinson monoclonal antibodies in clinically healthy Macaca mulatta males before and after low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation. It was shown that T and B cells are radiosensitive, B cells being more sensitive, which is seen from a significant drop of their count. Natural killers are radioresistant. The count of immunocompetent cells recovers sooner after single compared to fractionated irradiation in the same summary dose.     

Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on α-Adrenoreactivity of Rat Aorta Smooth Muscles

In experiments on rat aortic ring segments, lysophosphatidylcholine in concentrations of 2 × 10⁻⁶, 2 × 10⁻⁵, and 2 × 10⁻⁴ M did not suppress the tonotropic effect of phenylephrine (6 × 10⁻⁶ and 6 × 10⁻⁵ M) and in concentration of 2 × 10⁻⁵ M even potentiated it, which was noted for phenylephrine at a concentration of 6 × 10⁻⁶ M. It was concluded that the chemomodulating effect of lysophosphatidylcholine depends on the type of receptors and cells.     

Molecular mechanisms of the biphasic effects of interferon-γ on osteoclastogenesis

Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis, the suppressive effect is significantly reduced when osteoclast precursors are pre-exposed to the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the biphasic effects of IFN-γ on osteoclastogenesis remains elusive. Here, we recapitulate the biphasic functions of IFN-γ in osteoclastogenesis in both tissue culture dishes and on bone slices. We further demonstrate that IFN-γ markedly suppresses the RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) in normal, but not RANKL-pretreated bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Similarly, IFN-γ impairs the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in normal, but not RANKL-pretreated, BMMs. These findings indicate that IFN-γ inhibits osteoclastogenesis partially by suppressing the expression of NFATc1 and the activation of the NF-κB and JNK pathways. Moreover, IFN-γ inhibits the RANKL-induced expression of osteoclast genes, but RANKL pretreatment reprograms osteoclast genes into a state in which they can no longer be suppressed by IFN-γ, indicating that IFN-γ inhibits osteoclastogenesis by blocking the expression of osteoclast genes. Finally, the IVVY(535-538) motif in the cytoplasmic domain of RANK is responsible for rendering BMMs refractory to the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ. Taken together, these findings provide important mechanistic insights into the biphasic effects of IFN-γ on osteoclastogenesis.     

Central mechanism of the effect of leptin on learning and memory

Central mechanism of the effect of leptin on learning and memory     

Effect of semisynthetic analog of α1-acid glycoprotein on immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity of natural glycoproteinglycoprotein on immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity of natural glycoprotein

Pseudo-α₁-acid glycoprotein with carbohydrate chain ratio typical of native form was synthesized by a previously developed original technique of quantitative transfer of α₁-acid glycoprotein carbohydrate chains to other polymeric carrier. Similarly to native glycoprotein, the semisynthetic analog inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and stimulated the production of antiinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. However, it possessed no antioxidant activity and did not inhibit complement activation by the alternative pathway. The role of carbohydrate and protein components of α₁-acid glycoprotein molecule in the realization of its biological effects is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 567–570, May, 2000     

Research of the Effect of the Shear Stress on Endothelial Cells

1 IntroductionCellular mechanism is one of the foundations of regenerating medicine and tissue engineering, which is also an advanced subject in cell mechanism in recent years~([1]). The form and function of a cell, and the growing, reproducing and death, even canceration are related to the characteristics of cell mechanism. While the research of the shear stress on endothelial cells is an important field in cell mechanism. The main bio-functions of endothelial cells are as follows: anti-cruor…     

The effect of ACTH on the development of the athüs phenomenon and on the morphological composition of the inflammatory exudate

Summary Arthüs phenomenon was induced in 42 rabbits by the classical method. ACTH (10–20 units) was injected into 33 of them before the injection of the booster dose of horse serum, as well as beginning from the 3rd–4th administration of sensitizing doses. In the majority of experiments Arthüs phenomenon did not develop at all, or was much weaker than in control animals.The second group of experiments dealt with the cellular composition of the exudate in rats in experimental aseptic peritonitis caused by injecting sterile broth into the peritoneal cavity. Experimental results demonstrated that in animals which received ACTH (2.5 units) prior to broth injection the exudate was of thicker consistency and its cellular composition differed from control. Neutrophil percentage was much lower and lymphocytic phase occurred much earlier.The data obtained indicates the effect of ACTH both on the manifestation of allergic inflammation and on the exudative reaction during usual inflammation.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR P. S. Kupalov) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 51–53, May, 1963     

Effect of Cell–Cell Interactions on the Observable Strength of Adhesion of Sheets of Cells

Previous research in cellular adhesion has focused primarily on studying isolated cells under conditions where cells do not interact with each other. However, in vivo cells form sheets where both cell–substratum and cell–cell interactions contribute to the overall adhesive behavior. Our understanding of how cell–cell and cell–substratum interactions affect the overall process of cell adhesion in these situations is limited. To address this problem, we developed a systematic approach to evaluate how cell–cell and cell–substratum interactions affect the critical shear stress for detachment for semiconfluent and confluent sheets of cells. Our studies were based on subjecting cultures of adherent cells to a defined hydrodynamic flow in a radial-flow chamber with a gap height of 140 m. Using phase-contrast microscope imaging and analysis we measured shear-dependent patterns of detachment as a function of the extent of cell confluency. Our results show that the critical shear stress for detachment is maximum at intermediate extents of confluency of 10%–40%. These results have important implications for sodding vascular grafts and tissue engineering. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8718-h, 8719Rr     

Mechanisms of toxic effect of streptozotocin on β-cells in the islets of langerhans

Administration of streptozotocin caused selective damage to endocrine β-cells in rat pancreatic islets, which was related to activation of apoptosis. The cytotoxic effect of streptozotocin was associated not only with DMA damage due to dysfunction of the antioxidant defense system, but also with activation of the caspase cascade and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.     

Effect of bombarding energy on ion beam assisted deposited DLC film on UHMWPE

1.IntroductionItiswellknownthatultra-highmolecularweightpolyethylene(~E)isafirstchoicepolarerforuseinfabricationoftotalhipandkneeprostheses.However,overthelastfewyearsithasbecomeincreasinglyapparelltthatveryfewprosthesesimplantedinthebodyweretrulylonglifetime.Muchoftheorthopedicconunuhitynowbelievethatthelong-termfailureoftoealhipandkneeprosthesesisdireCtlyorindireCtlyduetOwear,resultingintheproduCtionofpolyethylene(PE)wearparticlesatinterneebetweentheUHMWPEandmedalcomponentif].Thesepart…