阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者计算机辅助下颌定位系统的研制与矫治器疗效预测

目的研制适用于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的计算机辅助下颌前伸定位系统（CAMRS），利用该系统初步判定OSAHS患者的下颌最适前伸距离，预测其口腔矫治器的疗效。方法CAMRS通过计算机控制微型步进电机，借助螺母与螺栓问的相对移动控制下颌前伸，结合多导睡眠图（PSG）监测，对14例OSAHS患者夜间睡眠进行下颌前伸定位和口腔矫治器疗效预测。结果CAMRS运行稳定，能有效前伸下颌，对睡眠干扰小。14例患者随着下颌的逐步前伸，睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）逐步改善，但每例患者的下颌最适前伸距离不同，与其病情的严重程度呈正相关关系（r=0．72747）。结论新研制的CAMRS系统运行稳定有效，对睡眠干扰小。通过该系统可以预先确定OSAHS患者的下颌最适前伸距离，并预测口腔矫治器的疗效。     

OSAHS患者戴用自行调节式口腔矫治器下颌骨位置变化的研究

目的 为下颌前伸式口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的下颌定位提供参考.方法 采用X线头影测量分别对32例患者戴用自行调节式口腔矫治器于治疗前、医师经验位及患者调节位时下颌水平及垂直测量项目的具体数据进行统计学处理.结果 医师经验位和患者调节位与治疗前比较时测量项目均有差异,两者比较,S-Ar-Go P值为0.095,H-MP P值为0.84,均大于0.05,其他测量项目均有显著差异(P.<0.05).结论 自行调节式口腔矫治器的医师经验位和患者调节位的下颌位置存在差异,该差异可以为下颌前伸类口腔矫治器个性化治疗的下颌前伸定位研究提供参考.     

口腔矫治器对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者上气道影响的磁共振研究

目的:采用磁共振(MRI)结合三维重建技术观察口腔矫治器对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者上气道形态的影响.方法:对12例男性OSAHS患者进行静态MRI扫描,使用咬蜡块的下颌前伸定位方法,在牙尖交错位与口腔矫治器测定的下颌前伸位获得MRI图像.利用三维重建软件重现患者上气道立体形态影像,计算分析患者上...     

下颌前伸矫治器治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的三维影像学评估

目的:研究下颌前伸矫治器对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的疗效及机制.方法:采集80例OSAS患者应用下颌前伸矫治器治疗前、后的CT数据,利用三维影像重建技术测量上气道结构及容积变化,评价口腔矫治器(0A)的疗效及机制,采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行方差分析.结果:下颌前伸矫治器治疗OSAS多数患者主观症状缓解或消失,客观检测指标相应改善.OSAS患者存在上呼吸道的解剖性狭窄,戴入OA后,气道各分段截面积和容积均有变化,腭咽、喉咽段增大(P＜0.01),口咽段减小(P＜0.05).结论:OSAS存在形态学病因机制,下颌前伸矫治器通过前伸下颌骨,使上气道减小,内部变化而更平滑稳定,减小涡流和狭窄,进而发挥治疗效果.     

下颌前伸式矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征研究现状及进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）的临床表现为夜间频发的上气道阻塞和呼吸障碍,伴发日间嗜睡、疲倦等。其病因主要是上气道形态的变化和神经肌肉等因素。下颌前伸式矫治器（mandibular advacecment devices,MADs）是治疗轻、中度OSAHS的有效方法,其主要机制改变上气道形态,进而引起上气道流体力学的改变。笔者对下颌前伸式矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低道气综合征的疗效、适应证、副作用、上气道形态变化、矫治器的下颌定位、上气道液体力学改变的研究进行综述。     

两种口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效比较

目的在下颌前伸程度相同的情况下,比较两种不同设计类（分体式与整体式）口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructivesleepapnea／hypOpneasyndrome,OSAHS）成年男性患者的主客观疗效。方法采用随机交叉实验设计,16例OSAHS患者先后戴用分体式和整体式两种口腔矫治器,每副矫治器戴用3个月,患者戴用两种矫治器之间需停戴2周。在治疗前及戴用两种矫治器3个月时分别获取患者的主观疗效、多导睡眠监测（polysomnography,PSG）及上气道大小参数。采用单因素方差分析比较两者主客观疗效及上气道形态变化。结果两种口腔矫治器治疗OSAHS的主客观疗效显著（P〈O．05）。在呼吸指标方面,戴用分体式口腔矫治器的有效率为56．3％,整体式口腔矫治器的有效率为68．9％,两者无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。分体式在改善睡眠效率和深睡眠的比例方面不及整体式（P〈O．05）。两种口腔矫治器显著增大上气道各水平的前后径（P〈O．05）,两者间无明显差别（P〉0．05）。结论两种口腔矫治器对OSAHS患者的主客观疗效大致相似,但整体式口腔矫治器在改善睡眠效率和主观依从性方面占优势。     

下颌前伸矫治器和Herbst矫治器治疗AngleⅡ类错的对比研究

目的 :比较下颌前伸矫治器 (MandibularProtractionAppliance ,MPA)和Herbst矫治器对AngleⅡ类错牙合的治疗效果。方法 :选择 2 6例AngleⅡ类错牙合病人 ,男 14例 ,女 12例 ,最大 13岁 ,最小 10岁。X线头影测量显示主要为下颌后缩及轻微上颌前突 ,手腕片显示为生长发育高峰期。将这些病人分成两组 ,一组用下颌前伸矫治器治疗 (MPA组 ) ,另一组用Herbst矫治器进行治疗 (HA组 )。功能矫治结束时 ,两组病例均摄X线头颅定位侧位片 ,由专人定点、测量 ,并进行统计学分析。结果 :X线头影测量结果显示两组病例中Co -Pg、Go -Pg及Co -Go均增大 ,其变化量经统计学检验差异无显著性意义 ,表明下颌前伸矫治器及Herbst矫治器均能促进下颌骨生长 ,尤其是下颌升支的生长 ;SNB、ANB、U1-L1、U1-NL及L1-MP的变化量经过统计学检验差异有显著性意义 ,说明下颌前伸矫治器和Herbst矫治器都能有效矫治AngleⅡ类错牙合颌骨矢状关系不调 ,尤其是前者更有效 ,而Herbst矫治器易引起支抗丢失 ,即易使上颌前牙舌向倾斜、下颌前牙唇倾。结论 :下颌前伸矫治器和Herbst矫治器治疗早期AngleⅡ类错牙合均可取得明显的骨胳改变 ,但前者治疗效果更好     

可调式阻鼾器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的　探讨可调式阻鼾器在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)治疗中的应用。方法　可调式阻鼾器组 30例OSAHS患者(男 24例,女 6例),平均年龄(49 9±9 9)岁,呼吸暂停及低通气指数 (AHI) ( 33 1±22 7 )次 /h。对照组为同期治疗的 30例年龄、体重、病情相当的OSAHS患者(男 23例,女 7例),戴用普通下颌前移类矫治器。单盲法取证并比较两组疗效的差异;分析可调式阻鼾器组患者于治疗前、医师经验位和最终调整位的上气道、舌骨位置和下颌定位的差异。结果　可调式阻鼾器组的AHI值相对降低 85 8 %,高于对照组 (P<0 05);其最终调整位为下颌前伸(5 8±1 4)mm,上下切缘距(4 6±1 1)mm,占最大前伸量的(71±26)%。结论　可调式阻鼾器的疗效改善明显,其最终调整位可为下颌定位的研究提供参考。     

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目的评价改良型软压膜式口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的临床疗效。方法选择2008年1月至2010年7月在阜阳市人民医院体检中心口腔科经改良型软压膜式口腔矫治器治疗的OSAHS患者12例,观察戴用矫治器前、后的临床表现,并将其戴用矫治器前、后的多导睡眠仪(PSG)监测数据及X线头影测量结果进行分析。结果 OSAHS患者戴用改良型软压膜式口腔矫治器3个月至1年后,呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、呼吸暂停指数(AI)、低通气指数(HI)均较戴用前明显降低,而血氧饱和度(SaO2)则有明显升高;X线头影测量显示治疗后的上气道宽度增加;达到改善患者生存质量的目的。结论改良型软压膜式口腔矫治器治疗OSAHS具有广阔的临床应用价值,尤其以无创伤性、可逆性、经济实用、戴用舒适感较强、便于携带而日益受到重视。     

下颌前移式矫治器治疗鼾症和阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的人群患病率约2%～4%,其特征是睡眠状态中反复发生上气道完全或不完全阻塞而使口鼻无气流通过,有效呼吸障碍,出现间断的低氧血症或合并高碳酸血症、睡眠结构紊乱等,被认为是高血压、心绞痛、脑血管栓塞和夜间猝死的危险因素之一.有效的治疗方法不外乎持续正压通气治疗、外科手术、戴口腔矫治器等手段.而下颌前移式口腔矫治器具有易制作、戴用后易适应及效果较好等优点受到患者和医生的普遍青睐.本文主要介绍了OSAHS的病因机制、临床特点、诊断及下颌前移式矫治器在治疗OSAHS中的临床应用.     

A randomised titrated crossover study comparing two oral appliances in the treatment for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of two oral appliances in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) by the analysis of objective and subjective evaluations and measurement of upper airway parameter. A randomised crossover design trial was carried out on 16 patients with OSAHS. Two different types of oral appliances were tested in each patient, a one‐piece monoblock and the SILENT NITE^® (GlideWell Laboratories, Newport Beach, CA, USA), a two‐piece appliance. Each oral appliance needed to be worn for two 3‐month periods separated by a 2‐week wash‐out period in between. The objective and subjective efficiency and upper airway parameters associated with the oral appliances were assessed. One‐way analysis of variance (anova ) test was performed to compare the changes in upper airway morphology and the treatment efficiency between the appliances. The monoblock and SILENT NITE^® (GlideWell Laboratories) appliances reduced Apnoea Hypopnoea Index (AHI) from 26·38 ± 4·13 to 7·58 ± 2·28 (P < 0·001) and 8·87 ± 2·88 (P < 0·001), respectively. The monoblock appliance was statistically more efficient in reducing AHI and Apnoea Index (AI) than the SILENT NITE^® (GlideWell Laboratories) (P < 0·05). The scores on Epworth's Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Snoring Scale (SS) were improved significantly by both appliances. The upper airway spaces showed considerable enlargement by both mandibular advancement appliances (MAAs) (P < 0·05), while no significant differences were found between the two appliances (P > 0·05). Both MAAs showed good efficacy in the treatment for mild to moderate OSAHS. Use of the monoblock appliance should be considered when patients with OSAHS choose MAA treatment, as it was more efficient in reducing the AHI and AI compared to the two‐piece appliance and was preferred by most patients. Long‐term efficiency should be evaluated in future prospective studies.     

Modified mandibular advancement appliance for an edentulous obstructive sleep apnea patient: a clinical report

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder with periodic reduction or cessation of airflow during sleep. It is associated with loud snoring, disrupted sleep and observed apneas with prevalence up to 54% in elderly people. Treatment of OSA varies from simple measures such as dental appliances and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to surgical procedures like uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tracheostomy. Dental appliances are a viable nonsurgical treatment alternative in patients with OSA, of which mandibular advancement appliances are most common. Edentulism which contributes to the worsening of OSA reduces the number of available therapeutic strategies and is considered a contraindication to oral appliance therapy. This clinical report describes the treatment of a 61-year old edentulous OSA patient for whom a modified mandibular advancement appliance was designed. The patient reported an improvement in AHI index and he was satisfied with the modified appliance. This clinical report describes the newer technique of fabricating oral appliance for edentulous OSA patient.     

下颌前移矫治器治疗成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的研究进展

下颌前移矫治器是临床中常用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的一类口腔矫治器,具有便捷、舒适及廉价等优势,其结构特点也多种多样。在临床的使用过程中应对患者进行全面的疗效评价并尽可能减少不良反应,使下颌前移矫治器得到更广泛的应用。本文对近年来下颌前移矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的研究进展进行综述。     

Case Control Study in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing with a Mandibular Protrusive Appliance

BACKGROUND: Mandibular protrusive appliances have long been used to treat obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Their efficacy regarding respiration during sleep varies greatly and remains difficult to predict. In this study the efficacy of a two-splint appliance on nocturnal breathing disorders, sleep profile, and daytime sleepiness were evaluated according to a specially-designed treatment process. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study 42 consecutive OSAHS patients who had been fitted with a mandibular protrusive appliance according to a preset treatment regimen were included in a follow-up analysis. The diagnosis and the degree of severity of OSHAS were determined by polysomnography in the sleep laboratory. The treatment regimen was established with the sleep laboratory physician. Treatment regimen included the diagnostic procedure in the sleep laboratory, each patient's dental requirements, the fabrication of the appliance used, and the titration of the mandibular protrusion. After having grown accustomed to the appliance for 24.5 +/- 7.8 days, 34 patients underwent overnight polysomnography. RESULTS: The mean apnea/hypopnea index decreased significantly from 19.6 +/- 12.8 to 3.3 +/- 7.8 events per hour to 83%; the apnea index also improved significantly, as did minimal oxygen saturation and the desaturation index. Changes in sleep profile did not reach statistical significance; the arousal index (p < 0.02) and the subjectively-assessed daytime sleepiness (p < 0.02) decreased significantly. A therapeutically-required AHI of below 5 events per hour was achieved in 88.2% of the patients. CONCLUSION: A significant improvement in the respiratory situation of the vast majority of OSAHS patients, particularly in their AHI, can be achieved when one applies the procedural steps and employs the mandibular protrusive appliance we describe herein.     

即刻口腔矫治器在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊断与治疗中的作用评价

目的 探讨即刻口腔矫治器在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）诊断与治疗中的作用。方法 53例经夜间多导睡眠监测（PSG）诊断为轻、中、重度OSAHS患者,治疗前行PSG监测、鼻阻检查,拍摄头颅定位侧位片,于当天试戴即刻口腔矫治器并行PSG监测,治疗后完成舒适度调查问卷表。采用SPSS 17.0软件包对治疗前、后相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 戴用即刻口腔矫治器后,患者主观症状改善,治疗后睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）低于治疗前,平均血氧饱和度（MSaO₂）、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO₂）均高于治疗前（P<0.05）。单因素方差分析发现,患者年龄、BMI、治疗前AHI、切牙间距离（配戴矫治器后上、下切牙间的水平距离）及覆盖距离（牙尖交错位时切牙覆盖距离）的变化对即刻口腔矫治器治疗效果的影响存在显著差异（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析得到即刻口腔矫治器治疗效果的回归方程=67.956-0.731x₁-1.954x₂+0.411x₃+9.263x₄ （x₁：年龄,x₂：BMI,x₃：未配戴即刻矫治器前AHI,x₄：切牙间距离）,P<0.01,即回归效果显著,回归模型有统计学意义,决定系数R²为0.472。结论 即刻口腔矫治器的应用不仅可以预测患者的初步治疗效果,而且可以为后续手术治疗提供有意义的指导。     

双(牙合)板矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的研究

目的介绍一种上下颌分体式的双(牙合)板矫治器,探讨应用该矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的效果.方法为 29 例 OSAS 患者制作双(牙合)板矫治器,戴用矫治器前后进行多导睡眠监测对比疗效;治疗前后进行标准化的问卷调查,记录患者症状的变化及口颌系统的不适感和副作用.结果与戴用矫治器前比较,26 例的呼吸暂停低通气指数下降了 50 % 以上,客观有效率为 89.7 %;呼吸暂停指数和低通气指数分别降低 74.39 % 和 47.94 %(P<0.01),夜间最低血氧饱和度明显升高(P<0.01).戴用矫治器初期不适症状主要为唾液增多及晨起后短暂的颞下颌关节和牙齿的酸胀感,一周内不适感基本消失.结论双(牙合)板矫治器是治疗轻、中度OSAS 的有效方法,其长期疗效和副作用尚待进一步观察.