脂肪组织和血浆标本中脂肪酸的气相色谱分析

以正十三碳酸(C13:0)和正十七碳酸(C17:0)作内标物,分别对脂肪组织和血浆中总脂肪酸、游离脂肪酸进行气相色谱分析。采用4:1甲醇-苯和氯化乙酰对样品中总脂肪酸同时作抽提和酯化,其酯化率分别是103.5％(内标物C13:0)和102.9％(内标物C17:0);对各次加入量不同的月桂酸、豆蔻酸、硬脂酸和花生酸的回收串为100.0～105.0％,重复性试验中各脂肪酸CV为1.14～8.47％。采用正已烷抽提血浆中游离脂肪酸,并以14％BF_3使甲酯化,其酯化率为103.0％(内标物C17.0),对各次加入量不同的月桂酸、豆蔻酸,硬脂酸和花生酸的回收率是82.0～105.0％。重复性试验中各脂肪酸CV为0.15～5.94％。总脂肪酸法尤为简便、迅速和可靠。     

INCREASED MOBILIZATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE IN DIABETES

It has been shown that the increase in plasma free fatty acids in patients with diabetes mellitus and in animals acutely deficient in insulin is due to an increased mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue.     

THE METABOLISM OF ADIPOSE TISSUE FATTY ACIDS IN THE DIABETIC RAT

Diabetes blocks the desaturation of long chain saturated fatty acids to the corresponding monoenoic fatty acids. Insulin treatment in vivo restores this condition to normal.     

UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE AND PALMITIC ACID IN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS DEFICIENT IN ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

In vitro studies show that although both fatty acid mobilization and triglyceride synthesis are stimulated in rats deficient in essential fatty acids, lipid synthesis docs not differ qualitatively from that of control animals.     

DIETARY MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF INFANTS

Direct transesterification resulted in improved recovery of volatile esters from adipose tissue of infants fed formula containing relatively large amounts of these acids.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE IN INFANCY

Techniques based on counting cells greater than 25 μm in diameter may fail to count significant numbers of small fat-filled cells, which may be precursors of the adipocyte. Assumptions about fat cell replication in man which are based on calculations of numbers of fat cells by previous techniques may need re-evaluation.     

METABOLISM OF DEVELOPING ADIPOSE TISSUE IN THE PIG

Studies of the cellular growth and enzymes concerned with lipogenesis illustrate some metabolic changes associated with the transition from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth of adipose tissue.     

气相色谱法测定人体血液中游离脂肪酸

血液中游离脂肪酸经氯仿抽提后,用BF_3-甲醇酯化成脂肪酸甲酯,进行气相色谱测定。内标准采用正十七酸。本方法酯化率为99.4％±1.4,回收率为86.4％±1.9,变异系数(CV)为6.9％。     

儿童皮下脂肪的脂肪酸组成及其与年龄和膳食的关系

目的　研究儿童皮下脂肪的脂肪酸组成及其与年龄和膳食的关系。方法　 81名年龄为 7天～ 1 0岁的儿童在外科手术时采取少量皮下脂肪标本 ,并调查膳食史。脂肪标本用气相色谱分析脂肪酸的构成 ,对 1 1种脂肪酸的百分率与年龄的关系用相关与直线回归法做统计分析。结果　饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的总和随年龄增长而减少 ,但硬脂酸 ( C18∶ 0 )与油酸 ( C18∶ 1)和多不饱和脂肪酸成分则随年龄增长而增加。结论　通过与各年龄组膳食史的变化比较 ,认为 :皮下脂肪脂肪酸构成的变化可反映儿童随年龄的增长日常膳食中摄入脂肪的质的变化     

INTRACELLULAR LIPIDS IN TISSUE CULTURE

New information which may be relevant to atherosclerosis is becoming available from the study of intra- and extracellular factors important to the accumulation of cholesterol in tissue culture cells.     

PROSTAGLANDINS AND LIPOLYSIS IN RAT ADIPOSE TISSUE

Basal or stimulated lipolysis(by epinephrine or theophylline)in fat pads was much greater in pads from rats deficient in essential fatty acids than in those from normal rats. Addition of prostaglandin (PGE,) caused a reduction in both types of lipolysis. but the percentage decrease was greater with the stimulated lipolysis. However, even after addition of PGE,. the rate was still higher in the fat pads from the deficient rats. The major prostaglandin in rat adipose tissue during lipolysis is PGE,. for which arachidonate is the precursor. The amount of PCE, formed was much less, presumably because of the very low content of dihomo-gomma-linolenic acid, the precursor of PGE,.     

CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND LINOLEIC ACID CONTENT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

In four European regions a significant inverse relationship was found between mortality rate from coronary heart disease and linoleic acid content of adipose tissue.     

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CELLULARITY OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

the cellularity and DNA content of rat epidymal adipose tissue were increased by refeeding after fasting or by feeding a diet high in unsaturated fat.     

REGULATION OF GLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE

Substances which promote utilization of high-energy phosphates or reducing equivalents stimulate conversion of glucose into fatty acids in isolated white fat cells when the concentrations of glucose and insulin are not rate-limiting factors.     

泛酸钙对全饥饿大鼠血清酮体、游离脂肪酸的影响

目的探讨泛酸钙对全饥饿大鼠可利用能源物质酮体(KB)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)的影响及可能的保护作用,为研制延长饥饿耐受时间的营养剂提供科学依据.方法以饥饿SD大鼠为模型,灌胃补充泛酸钙,观察饥饿后不同时期血清酮体和游离脂肪酸的变化.结果血清KB和FFA水平在饥饿后逐渐升高,分别于禁食4 d和2 d达到峰值(2.67±0.30)mg@100 ml-1和(793.75±99.85)μmol@L-1,之后开始下降.泛酸钙补充后FFA峰值显著降低(655.92±135.12)μmol@L-1,禁食9 d的KB(0.48±0.08)mg@100 ml-1和FFA(290.46±96.49)μmol@L-1水平显著高于全饥饿对照组的(0.40±0.07)mg@100 ml-1和(167.43±46.78)μmol@L-1,(P＜0.05,＜0.01).结论泛酸钙能延缓饥饿动物能源物质的消耗,可能对饥饿动物有一定的保护作用.     

COLD AND ADIPOSE TISSUE

Studies with isolated adipose tissue removed from cold-acclimated rats suggested that the increased fatty acids formed by this tissue (compared teith room temperature controls) should be reflected in an increased fatty acid oxidation.     

ADIPOSE TISSUE AND OBESITY

Fat pads in mice differ in their pattern of lipid deposition as the animals increase in body weight. When mice from two strains are crossed, the development oj certain jat pads in all F ₁ offspring follows that oj parents from one strain. Transplants of adipose tissue from a genetically obese mouse into one ear lobe and that from a lean mouse into the other lobe oj an F ₁ hybrid of these two strains produce a greater lipid deposition in the transplanted adipose tissue from the obese mouse than in that from the lean.     

FATTY ACID ABSORPTION IN STEATORRHEA

The extent of fatty acid absorption in steatorrhea due to celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, and ileectomy was studied in children by feeding fats of various fatty acid composition.     

母乳中脂肪酸含量的动态变化

采用气相色谱法测定了足月顺产儿乳母不同泌乳期及一次喂奶时前、中、后段乳中脂肪酸含量。结果显示：随泌乳期的延长及一次喂奶时从前段、中段至后段，母乳中脂肪酸的绝对含量逐渐增加。初乳中饱和脂肪酸百分含量较低，不饱和脂肪酸百分含量较高，尤其是长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富。中链脂肪酸（Ｃ８０、Ｃ１００、Ｃ１２０、Ｃ１４０）和单不饱和脂肪酸（Ｃ１６１）百分含量随泌乳期延长而升高，而长链饱和脂肪酸（Ｃ１６０、Ｃ１８０、Ｃ２００）和单不饱和脂肪酸（Ｃ１４１、Ｃ１８１）百分含量逐渐下降。母乳中长链多不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸（Ｃ２０４ω６）和二十二碳六烯酸（Ｃ２２６ω３）百分含量随泌乳期延长而显著下降。一次喂奶时的前、中和后段乳汁中脂肪酸的百分组成没有差异。与国外资料比，本研究母乳中亚油酸（Ｃ１８２ω６）和α－亚麻酸（Ｃ１８３ω３）含量较高，而软脂酸（Ｃ１６０）和硬脂酸（Ｃ１８０）含量较低。应大力提倡母乳喂养，且应充分利用初乳。     

LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE AND HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE ACTIVITIES IN ADIPOSE TISSUE

Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and their ratio in adipose tissue were greater in meal-fed rats than in rats fed the same diets ad libitum. The proportion of body fat in ad libitum-fed rats was positively correlated with LPL:HSL ratio and with serum triglyceride.