共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
de la Rosette JJ Gravas S Fitzpatrick JM 《The Urologic clinics of North America》2008,35(3):505-18, ix
During the past decade, increasing numbers of minimally invasive treatments for managing male lower urinary tract symptoms caused by urinary tract obstruction have been positioned. On one hand, transurethral needle ablation and transurethral microwave thermotherapy bridge the gap between medical management and surgery, while on the other hand, outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and Greenlight laser equal outcomes following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). With the introduction of the bipolar technology, however, TURP has reinforced its position. 相似文献
4.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Urodynamic investigation was developed as an extension of patient history and physical examination in order to reveal the pathology of a patient's complaints. Much progress in standardizing definitions and procedures has been made in recent years. In particular, stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder can be differentiated with urodynamics. The developed parameters, however, cannot distinguish the various types of stress urinary incontinence. Moreover the definition and diagnosis of voiding dysfunction is not clear. Finally our understanding of bladder sensations and the impact on voiding behaviour has only started to emerge. This review is about last year's publications that focus on urodynamics and lower urinary tract symptoms in women. RECENT FINDINGS: Defining bladder outlet obstruction is based on voiding pressure, urinary flow speed and residual urine but standardization is lacking. Urodynamics to reveal occult stress urinary incontinence in patients with pelvic organ prolapse needs standardization of the reducing manoeuvres. The quest for urodynamic tools for distinguishing intrinsic sphincter deficiency from urethral hypermobility continues. Urodynamics are still not good enough to discriminate between treatment options for stress urinary incontinence. The use of urodynamics in overactive bladder is developing and has elicited new findings. Voiding habit seems to be independent from bladder sensations. Also bladder sensations appear to be imperfectly correlated with bladder filling. Even bladder volumes do not predict entirely bladder fullness sensations. SUMMARY: In order to use urodynamics as a proper clinical tool, defining subtypes of stress urinary incontinence and standardization of urodynamics in pelvic organ prolapse and bladder outlet obstruction in women is needed. 相似文献
5.
目的探讨男性顽固性下尿路症状的病因。方法疑似慢性前列腺炎患者11例,年龄(51.3±14.3)岁,病程(3.0±1.6)年。主要临床表现为尿频尿急和膀胱充盈时疼痛。评估方法为尿及前列腺液常规和细菌学检查、细胞学检查、IVU等,临床常规评估均正常时,进一步行麻醉下水扩张和膀胱随机活检。结果11例患者中随机活检为慢性炎症者9例,其中1例麻醉下水扩张阴性;采用间质性膀胱炎的诊断性治疗即口服阿米替林及膀胱灌注RTX联合治疗(6例),单纯口服阿米替林治疗(1例),膀胱灌注透明质酸钠(1例)和骶神经电刺激神经调节治疗(1例);其24 h排尿次数、平均排尿量、O’leary-Sant间质性膀胱炎症状及问题指数、膀胱区疼痛评分及生活质量评分均得到明显改善,另2例患者麻醉下水扩张阴性,但膀胱随机活检显示为广泛原位癌,并行膀胱尿道全长切除及尿流改道术,术后患者膀胱疼痛症状消失。结论疑似慢性前列腺炎经抗生素治疗无效的顽固性男性下尿路症状应考虑间质性膀胱炎的可能性,也应警惕膀胱癌的存在。 相似文献
6.
AIMS: To understand the properties of lower urinary tract disorders in women, we evaluated 60 female patients with lower urinary tract disorders or symptoms of recurrent cystitis by free uroflowmetry and video urodynamics using transrectal ultrasonography (VU-TRUS). METHODS: Results of urodynamic studies or symptoms of stress incontinence were used to divide 60 women into 7 normal controls and 53 with voiding dysfunctions. RESULTS: In normal controls, VU-TRUS showed that the mean posterior urethrovesical angle and anteroposterior diameter of the proximal urethra at maximum flow was 151.4 degrees and 4.9 mm, respectively. In patients with voiding dysfunction, VU-TRUS during voiding revealed various urethral abnormalities, including 16 detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, 4 detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia, and 13 insufficient opening of the entire urethra. VU-TRUS also showed pelvic floor abnormalities, including 24 urethral hypermobilities (group 1) and 11 cystoceles (group 2). Eighteen patients had neither urethral hypermobility nor cystocele (group 3). Major pressure-flow abnormalities in the 53 patients with voiding dysfunctions were weak detrusor (72%) and/or bladder outlet obstruction (25%). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the pressure-flow abnormalities among the three groups. However, the mean values of abdominal pressure at maximum flow of group 1 (20.9 cm H(2)O) and group 2 (17.9 cm H(2)O) were significantly higher than that of group 3 (6.3 cm H(2)O; each P < 0.05). The mean values of residual urine volume of group 2 (60.8 mL) and group 3 (77.6 mL) were significantly higher than that of group 1 (23.5 mL; each P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms of women with lower urinary tract disorders were frequently accompanied by urethral and/or pelvic floor abnormalities during voiding that were clearly detected by VU-TRUS. VU-TRUS is useful for objective evaluation of female lower urinary tract symptoms. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Female urodynamics and lower urinary tract infection 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of unsuspected urinary tract infection (UTI) before cystometry, to evaluate reports of a greater tendency to abnormal cystometry in the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, and to determine the incidence of iatrogenic significant bacteriuria after cystometry. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in the gynaecology department of a district general hospital in collaboration with the medical microbiology department of a university teaching hospital. The period of investigation was 1 year and the study population was a sample of women undergoing urodynamic investigations during this period. Data were collected on age, menopausal status, parity, cystometric diagnosis and voiding dysfunction. RESULTS: In all, 117 patients provided a urine sample before cystometry; 12 of these patients had a positive culture, giving an incidence of 10.3% for unsuspected asymptomatic bacteriuria before cystometry. There was a significant association between age and the presence of UTI before cystometry (P = 0.003) and between this UTI and sensory urgency (P = 0.01). There was no similar significant association with detrusor instability or genuine stress incontinence. Nineteen of the 97 patients who had negative bacteriology before cystometry had a positive urine culture afterward. Compared with patients who had a negative sample, there was no significant association with age, parity, menopausal status, abnormal cystometry or voiding dysfunction. CONCLUSION: These results do not support a policy of universal screening for bacteriuria before urodynamic investigation. Asymptomatic bacteriuria did not influence the urodynamic outcome except in patients with sensory urgency. However, we recommend that screening and treatment be considered individually in older women who are being investigated for irritative bladder symptoms. About 20% of the present patients developed UTI after the urodynamic investigation. This information should be included in the counselling before urodynamic investigation and should be incorporated into the patient information leaflet as part of good clinical practice. 相似文献
10.
Clinical guideline for male lower urinary tract symptoms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yukio Homma Isao Araki Yasuhiko Igawa Seiichiro Ozono Momokazu Gotoh Tomonori Yamanishi Osamu Yokoyama Masaki Yoshida 《International journal of urology》2009,16(10):775-790
Abstract: This article is a shortened version of the clinical guideline for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which has been developed in Japan for symptomatic men aged 50 years and over irrespective of presumed diagnoses. The guideline was formed on the PubMed database between 1995 and 2007 and other relevant sources. The causes of male LUTS are diverse and attributable to diseases/dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract, prostate, nervous system, and other organ systems, with benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder dysfunction, polyuria, and their combination being most common. The mandatory assessment should comprise medical history, physical examination, urinalysis, and measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen. Symptom and quality of life questionnaires, bladder diary, residual urine measurement, urine cytology, urine culture, measurement of serum creatinine, and urinary tract ultrasonography would be optional tests. The Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score Questionnaire may be useful in quickly capturing important symptoms. Severe symptoms, pain symptoms, and other clinical problems would indicate urological referral. One should be careful not to overlook underlying diseases such as infection or malignancy. The treatment should be initiated with conservative therapy and/or medicine such as α1 -blockers. Treatment with anticholinergic agents should be reserved only for urologists, considering the risk of urinary retention. The present guideline should help urologists and especially non-urologists treat men with LUTS. 相似文献
11.
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare voiding parameters by using urodynamic investigations in men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: A total of 164 individuals (76 men and 88 women) completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and underwent a detailed urodynamic investigation. Patients were stratified by voiding function, which included bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) of < 80% and of >or= 80%. RESULTS: IPSSs were similar in the men and women except for voiding symptoms for those with a BVE of >or= 80% (12 for men vs. 9 for women, P=0.016). When voiding parameters were compared according to BVE in men and women, respectively, maximum flow rate (Q(max)) (P=0.002), average flow rate (Q(ave)) (P=0.003), voided volume (P=0.037), post-void residual (PVR) (P<0.001), and bladder outlet obstruction index (P=0.016) were different for men with a BVE of < 80% and men with a BVE of >or= 80%. However, for women with a BVE of < 80% or >or= 80%, PVR (P<0.001), detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (P=0.022), and opening detrusor pressure (P=0.024) were different. CONCLUSIONS: The voiding parameters of women differ from those of men according to voiding function. The present results show that a pressure-flow study may represent a difference according to BVE in women as well as in men. Our findings suggest that opening detrusor pressure in women reflects the urethral and detrusor during voiding phase accurately as detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate does. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
In 1981, Tanagho and Schmidt introduced chronic electrical stimulation of the sacral spinal nerves using a permanently implanted
sacral foramen electrode and a battery-powered pulse generator for treatment of different kinds of lower urinary tract dysfunction,
refractory to conservative treatment. At our department, chronic unilateral electrical stimulation of the S3 sacral spinal
nerve has been used for treatment of vesicourethral dysfunction in 55 patients with a mean postoperative follow-up of 44.3
months. Lasting symptomatic improvement of more than 50% was achieved in 16 of 21 patients with motor urge incontinence (76.2%)
and in 22 of the 28 patients with urinary retention (78.6%). In our opinion, chronic sacral neuromodulation offers a sustained
therapeutic effect to treatment responders that is not achieved by temporary neuromodulation techniques. Chronic neuromodulation
should be considered predominantly in patients with urinary retention and in patients with motor urge incontinence who refuse
temporary techniques or who require too much effort to achieve a sustained clinical effect. 相似文献
15.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether diurnal voiding patterns predict nocturia in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), as few studies have evaluated the association between diurnal and nocturnal voiding patterns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively analysed the frequency-volume charts (FVCs) of consecutive patients with LUTS. At the initial visit patients had a detailed clinical evaluation and subsequently were requested to complete a 72-h FVC. In all, 104 (41 men and 63 women, mean age 63 years, range 50-83) were included in the primary analyses. Associations between daytime variables and nocturia were described using maximum likelihood estimates of the relative risk and by 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on logistic regression models. RESULTS: When at least one night-time void was used to define nocturia the multivariate logistic model showed a negative association of mean daytime voided volume with nocturia (P = 0.001). The odds ratio for nocturia decreased with this variable to 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99). When 'voiding at least twice per night' was used to define nocturia only the number of daytime voids was positively related to nocturia (odds ratio 1.22; 95% CI 1.01-1.48; P= 0.040). CONCLUSION: Nocturia may be associated with diurnal voiding patterns; these results also suggest that the causes of nocturia of one or of two or more voids may differ. This highlights the role of bladder function in more severe forms of nocturia. 相似文献
16.
17.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Male lower urinary tract symptoms are often attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, coexisting overactive bladder may be responsible for storage symptoms in a substantial proportion. Treatment of these symptoms with anticholinergic drugs has been considered hazardous in benign prostatic hyperplasia because of concerns that they may predispose to acute urinary retention. We present recent research evidence on the effectiveness and safety of anticholinergics for male lower urinary tract symptoms. RECENT FINDINGS: Two systematic reviews and a large randomized controlled trial recently evaluated anticholinergic drugs in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. These studies provided good evidence that anticholinergics are effective at improving both urodynamic and patient-reported outcomes. Postvoid residual urine volumes and urine flow rates were not significantly affected, and acute urinary retention was rare. SUMMARY: In men with lower urinary tract symptoms treatment may need to be directed at both the prostate and the bladder, and a pragmatic approach therefore seems appropriate. Men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms should undergo comprehensive clinical evaluation before benign prostatic hyperplasia is treated, if indicated. Should symptoms fail to resolve, addition of anticholinergic drugs may be considered in the absence of significant postvoid residual urine volumes. 相似文献
18.
19.