脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效

目的 总结采用脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的经验和分析其疗效。方法 从１９７２年５月至１９９９年１０月,共５０８例门静脉高压症患者行该术式治疗,其中３８９例为肝炎后肝硬化,１４１例为晚期血吸虫病或合并慢性病毒性肝炎。结果 止血率９６．９％,总的手术死亡率为４．５％。主要死亡原因为上消化道出血,腹腔内出血,肝衰和肝肾综合症。平均随访时间为３．８年。５年存在率为９４．１％、１０年为７０．７     

改良Walker′s术治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血的体会

目的回顾评价改良的经胸食管横断术（改良Walker＇s术）方式治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血的效果。方法根据Sugiura术的血液动力学原理,将经胸食管横断术进行改良（改良Walker＇s术）,在食管下段较低位置阻断食管静脉血流的同时,离断腹段残留或复发的冠状静脉属支。结果本组共52例,择期手术48例,无手术死亡;急症手术4例,1例死于肝功能衰竭。本组中5例失访,有45例获得长期随访,结果在术后1年5个月因肝功能衰竭死亡1例,术后2～3年2例死于肝癌;术后4～5年3例因肝功能衰竭、肝肾综合症死亡;存活5年以上者有39例,5年生存率75%（9/52）。有1例患者已经再手术后生存23年。结论改良Walker＇s术适用于门静脉高压症术后再出血患者,该手术简单易掌握、止血可靠,近期、远期效果良好。     

胆道多次手术合并肝硬化门静脉高压症的评估及处理

目的 探讨胆道多次手术同时合并肝硬化门静脉高压症的评估及处理.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月我院收治的18例胆道多次手术同时合并肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料.结果 18例胆道多次手术同时合并肝硬化门静脉高压症患者中,按照Child-Pugh分级,A级4例,B级10例,C级4例.肝硬化原因:胆汁性肝...     

联合断流术治疗血吸虫性肝硬化门脉高压症87例分析

目的探讨经腹联合断流术治疗血吸虫性肝硬化门脉高压症的效果。方法87例血吸虫性肝硬化门脉高压症患者,采用经腹联合断流术治疗。其中肝功能Child A级47例,B级37例,C级3例;急诊手术15例,择期手术72例;初次手术74例,再次手术13例。结果7例术后出现少量腹水,6例经短期内科保守治疗治愈,1例肝功能C级患者术后第7 d死于肝功能衰竭。余86例均治愈出院,术后均获随访,平均18个月（9个月-4年）,未发生再出血,2年存活率达98.9%（86/87）。结论经腹联合断流术是治疗血吸虫性肝硬化门脉高压症的有效手段。     

排钉阻断法贲门周围血管断流术治疗门静脉高压症52例

目的：介绍一种自行设计的简便易行且能有效治疗门静脉高压症的手术方式——“排钉阻断法贲门周围血管断流术”,并进行初步评价。方法：就1998年11月至今所施行的“排钉阻断法贲门周围血管断流术”治疗门静脉高压症52例,对其临床资料进行分析总结。结果：52例均属病毒性肝炎肝硬化,肝功能Child分级为A级9例（17％）,B级31例（62％）,C级12例（21％）。其中急诊手术6例,预防性手术8例,其余均为择期手术。手术过程均顺利,无手术死亡,术后均恢复良好。6例急症手术病人均于术后立即止血,无近期再出血,无肝性脑病发生。随访51例,随访期为术后1个月至术后9年3个月;3例术后出血,再出血率5．77％;4例死亡（术前肝功分级均为Child C级）。其余47例术后6个月复查肝功能,较术前改善者40例（85．1％）,无变化者7例（14．9％）。术后1年内复查食管钡餐检查,35例食管静脉曲张明显好转,11例曲张静脉消失,1例无变化。病人术后劳动能力和生活质量较术前普遍提高。结论：排钉阻断法责门周围血管断流术治疗门静脉高压症简便易行,疗效满意,值得进一步研究及临床推广。     

Sugiura procedure in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to report our results and to make an attempt to define the possible role of Sugiura procedure in the treatment of variceal bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1979 to December 1997, 39 patients with portal hypertension and acute variceal bleeding (17 patients) or previous variceal bleeding (22 patients) underwent Sugiura procedure. Operations were performed in two stages. When performed in an emergency situation (17 patients) thoracic operation was performed first. In elective cases abdominal operation was usually preferred. Complete two-stage operation was performed in 16 patients. Twenty-three patients did not undergo the second stage because of early postoperative death, deterioration of condition or refusal. There were 17 men and 22 women, aged 41.7 +/- 18.3 years (range 8-71 years). According to the Child--Turcotte classification of hepatic function there were 23 Child class A, 13 Child class B and 3 Child class C patients. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Overall operative mortality was 10.3% (4 deaths per 39 patients with 54 operations), mortality in an emergency situation was 17.6% (3 deaths per 17 patients) and in elective cases 4.3% (1 death per 22 patients with 37 operations). Variceal rebleeding occurred in 4 survivors (11.4%) at an average follow-up of 6.1 +/- 4.3 years. Survival rate was 84.6% at 1 year, 71.8% at 5 years and 64.1% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Sugiura operation carries low operative risk in an elective situation and results in an effective prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding.     

Shunts for portal hypertension

Eighty-nine patients underwent 95 portasystemic shunts for portal hypertension at our institutions between June 1963 and March 1981. Ninety-three shunts were performed for bleeding varices. Procedures that were performed included 11 Warren shunts, 29 Linton shunts, 28 interposition mesocaval shunts, 26 classic portacaval shunts, and one umbilical to saphenous vein shunt. Thirty-six shunts were performed in Child class A patients (5.5% operative mortality), 37 in Child class B (16.2% operative mortality), and 22 in Child class c patients (36.3% operative mortality). Five-year survival for Child A patients was 74 per cent, 17.4 per cent for Child B patients and 26.3 per cent for Child C patients. Twelve of 14 patients (15.7%) who had recurrent postoperative upper gastrointestinal bleeding were found to have occluded shunts (two Warren, six Linton, one mesocaval, and three portacaval). Of 21 patients who became encephalopathic postoperatively, 17 had alcoholic liver disease. In 15 of these alcoholic patients who survived the immediate postoperative period, encephalopathy correlated directly with continued alcohol consumption. Several conclusions can be drawn from our data: portasystemic shunts can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality; rebleeding generally indicates shunt occlusion; encephalopathy can be correlated with continued alcohol consumption after shunting; there appears to be little difference in survival and rebleeding in the various shunt procedures; the poor survival figures for Child B and C patients must make one seriously consider alternative procedures in these poor-risk candidates.     

Survival and recurrence after hepatic resection of 386 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Although hepatic resection is one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the longterm results of hepatic resection of this malignancy are far from satisfactory. The potential benefits of hepatectomy for patients with HCC have not been fully delineated. This study aimed to identify surgical outcomes of 386 consecutive patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection. STUDY DESIGN: The retrospective study looked at records of 293 men and 93 women. The mean age was 63.2 years. Preoperative transarterial chemoembolizaton and portal vein embolization were performed in 138 patients (35.8%) and 8 patients (2.1%), respectively. Sixty-two patients (16.1 %) had major hepatectomy and the other 324 (83.9%) had minor hepatectomy. Thirty-seven of 386 patients (9.6%) had a noncurative operation. RESULTS: The 30-day (operative) mortality rate was 4.1%, and there were 11 additional late deaths (2.9%). Two hundred fourteen of 327 patients (65.4%) had recurrence after curative resection. Unfavorable factors for survival and recurrence were resection between 1983 and 1990, Child class B or C, cirrhosis, a high value of indocyanine green retention-15, a large amount of intraoperative blood loss, stage IV disease, positive surgical margin, vascular invasion, and postoperative complications. Preoperative transarterial chemoembolization increased the recurrence rate and showed no contribution to prognosis. Currently, 106 patients (27.5%) are alive: 7 (1.8%) after more than 10 years and 43 (11.1%) after more than 5 years. Mean and median overall survivals after operation were 38 months and 29 months, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year overall or disease-free survival rates after hepatic resection were 34.4% and 10.5% or 23.3% and 7.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The longterm survival rate after operation remains unsatisfactory mainly because of the high recurrence rate. Preoperative transarterial chemoembolization should be avoided because of a high risk of postoperative recurrence. Treatment strategies for recurrent HCC may play an important role in achieving better prognosis after operation, especially in patients with more than Child class B, cirrhosis, high values of indocyanine green retention-15, massive intraoperative blood loss, stage IV disease, positive surgical margin, vascular invasion, and postoperative complications.     

自体脾移植联合食管下段横断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床随机对照观察

目的　采用随机对照研究的方法观察用自体脾移植联合食管下段横断术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的临床效果。方法　将肝功能ChildA、B级的肝硬化门脉高压症患者随机分为自体脾移植组和切脾组 ,脾移植组采用自体带蒂脾组织腹膜后移植联合改良的食管下段横断术 ,切脾组则采用脾切除联合改良的食管下段横断术 ;以患者术前的情况为对照 ,在术后 2～ 8个月观察患者的一般情况、脾扫描、肝功能、血清Tuftsin、IgM水平。结果　术后第六天切脾组死亡 1例 ,脾移植组出现再出血 1例 ;两组血清Tuftsin、IgM水平有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在对肝功能的影响上无明显差异。结论　脾自体移植后能够长期存活 ,并能够维持脾脏的基本免疫功能 ,是可以在临床上推广应用的。     

Current status of the distal splenorenal shunt in China

Herein we report the results and current status of the distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) in China. From June 1979 to June 1989, the DSRS was performed in 302 patients with esophagogastric varices. Among a group of 249 patients, 112 were in Child's class A, 97 were in class B, and 40 were in class C. The cause of portal hypertension was posthepatic cirrhosis in 217 patients, schistosomiasis in 28 patients, alcoholic cirrhosis in 3 patients, and biliary cirrhosis in 1 patient. Therapeutic selective shunts were performed in 200 patients with variceal bleeding, and 102 patients received prophylactic shunts. Emergency operations were performed in 10 patients. The original Warren shunt was performed in 264 patients, and various modifications in 38 patients. Simultaneous ligation of the splenic artery was performed in 202 patients. The overall operative mortality rate was 6%. A 3-month to 10-year follow-up demonstrated an 8% recurrent bleeding rate, a 1% incidence of encephalopathy, and a survival rate ranging from 72.3% to 100%. From the preliminary results obtained, we conclude that DSRS is effective and safe in the treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding. It can also be used as a prophylactic procedure in Child's class A and B patients.     

Controlled splenorenal shunt for esophageal varices with the long term clinical observations

Conclusion Late results of our newly devised controlled splenorenal shunt were mentioned. This procedure involves special technique which confirms patency of the shunt and controls the postshunt blood volume in order to maintain consistently considerable portal blood flows into the liver even after the shunt. Our clinical analysis on 40 cases included 12 of Laennec or septal cirrhosis of the liver (Nagayo B-type), 7 of postnecrotic cirrhosis (Nagayo A-type), 13 of intrahepatic presinusoidal portal hypertension and 8 of prehepatic obstruction and schistosomiasis japonica, and among these 24 elapsed longer than 3 years and 14 longer than 5 years after the operation. Operative mortality, rate of postoperative bleeding, 5-year survival rate ware 15%, 7.5% and 67.5% respectively in over all cases, and should A-type of cirrhosis were omitted from the statistics, the operative mortality was 3% and long term survival rate 82% respectively. Since A-type of liver cirrhosis is apt to fall into circulatory insufficiency of the liver even by the controlled shunting, it is considered not to be adopted as indication of this operation.     

断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效分析

目的总结采用断流术治疗门静脉高压症的经验并分析其疗效.方法1994年1月至2004年12月间采用断流术治疗177例门静脉高压症患者,其中170例为肝炎后肝硬化,7例为酒精性肝硬化.择期手术132例,预防性手术25例,急诊手术20例.结果本组止血率为95%,总手术死亡率为4.5%.主要死亡原因为消化道大出血、肝功能衰竭及腹腔内出血.平均随访时间3.6年,5年或5年以上存活率为90%,5年再出血率为5.1%,术后脑病发生率为5.1%.结论断流术对门静脉高压症曲张静脉出血疗效满意,即时止血率高,再出血率、肝性脑病等并发症较少,特别是脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术是首选,但应做到完全彻底的断流.     

门-奇静脉断流加脾切除术治疗门静脉高压症95例报告

目的 探讨门-奇静脉断流加脾切除术对肝硬化、门静脉高压症导致食管、胃底静脉曲张的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析95例门-奇静脉断流加脾切除术的临床资料;全组男68例,女27例,均为肝炎后肝硬化,门静脉高压,食管、胃底静脉曲张病例,全部均有脾功能亢进表现,肝功能Child A级62例,Child B级33例。施行Hassab断流加脾切除术29例,施行改良Sugiura式门-奇断流加脾切除术41例,施行选择性改良Sugiura式门-奇断流加脾切除术25例。结果 全组术后均检出白血球升高,血小板计数超300×109/L 25例,术后平稳恢复83例;肝功能明显减退、大量腹水、少尿12例,轻度黄疸2例,经积极治疗全部康复出院。85例（89.5%）得到1～3年随访,在29例Hassab手术中6例再出血（20.6%）;41例改良Sugiura手术中5例再出血（12.19%）,2例为食管静脉曲张出血,3例为门脉高压性胃病引起;25例选择性改良Sugiura手术均无再出血表现。结论 选择性改良Sugiura门-奇静脉断流加脾切除术是现代治疗门静脉高压、食管胃底静脉曲张急性出血的有效手术,在三种断流术中具有合理性和优越性。     

急诊手术治疗门静脉高压症并上消化道大出血手术疗效评价

目的探讨急诊手术在治疗门静脉高压症并上消化道大出血中的效果和意义。方法对我院近5年内151例门静脉高压症并上消化道大出血患者行急诊手术的疗效和并发症发生率进行回顾性研究,其中肝功能ChildA级72例,B级58例,C级21例。结果总体出血有效控制率95.3%,断流术死亡率为7.7%(10/130),死亡的主要原因为腹腔内出血、上消化道出血和肝肾综合征,分流术死亡率为38.1%(8/21),死亡的主要原因为肝肾功能衰竭。术后1年生存率为97.7%,3年生存率为94.2%,5年生存率为86.8%。术后1年再出血率为1.5%(2/133),3年再出血率为5.7%(4/70),5年再出血率为7.9%。结论在当今条件下贲门周围血管离断术仍是挽救门静脉高压症并发不可内科控制的上消化道大出血患者生命的主要急诊手段,肝内型门静脉高压急诊手术最好不选择分流手术。     

门奇断流加大网膜覆盖后腹膜术108例临床分析

目的 探讨门奇断流加大网膜覆盖后腹膜术治疗门静脉高压症出血的临床疗效。方法 对1994年8月～2001年12月施行此术式的108例门静脉高压症出血的病例进行回顾性分析。结果 术后死亡3例,死亡率2.78％,3例均属Child肝功能C级,均为急症手术,3例死因分别为急性胃粘膜糜烂出血、肝肾综合征、腹腔感染并中毒性休克。其余105例术后无再出血,未出现肝性脑病,术后肝功能均有不同程序恢复,术后1个月～1年复查钡餐或胃镜示食道胃底静脉曲张完全消失者84例、未消失但均有不同程度减轻者21例。结论 此术式断流兼有术后自发性分流作用。术后止血效果确切,Hb、PTL恢复快,术后并发症少。且此术式经腹进行、手术操作简单、手术范围不大、对肝功能要求不甚高,适于基层医院推广。     

Mesocaval shunts for the control of bleeding esophageal varices.

Results in 44 patients with esophageal bleeding who underwent a mesocaval shunt utilizing a prosthetic graft are presented. Portal hypertension was secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis in 30 patients, to chronic active hepatitis in eight, to primary biliary cirrhosis in four, to cirrhosis secondary to inflammatory bowel disease in one, and to portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy in one. Thirty-six shunts were performed during the emergent or semiemergent time period, and only eight were performed electively. Sixteen of the patients were Child's class A, 16 were class B, and 12 were class C. There were no hospital deaths in the emergency shunt group (of eight patients); there was a 12% mortality rate for patients undergoing semiemergency shunts (two of 17 patients) and a 42% mortality rate for patients who had emergency shunts (eight of 19 patients). Death was related more closely to hepatic reserve, however, than to timing of the shunt. Among the 32 class A and B patients, there were only three deaths in hospital (9%), as compared with seven deaths among the 12 class C patients (58%). Portal-systemic encephalopathy was high in the period immediately after operation (13 of 34 patients, 38%), but it was a chronic problem following discharge from the hospital in only three of 34 patients (9%). The mesocaval shunt is a safe, effective procedure for the control of variceal bleeding in class A and class B patients in any time period, but it carries a high operative mortality risk in the class C patient when it is performed as an emergency operation.     

Transabdominal oesophageal transection for oesophageal varices: experience in 101 patients

The results of transabdominal oesophageal transection in 101 patients with oesophageal varices are reported. The primary diagnosis was liver cirrhosis and 65 patients, idiopathic portal hypertension in 29 and extrahepatic portal obstruction in 7. Twelve patients died postoperatively. The mortality rate for emergency operations was higher than that for elective and prophylactic procedures. The majority of patients died from hepatic failure. Improvement, judged by radiographic and endoscopic examination, was 100 per cent and 96 per cent, respectively. Post-transection rebleeding was observed in 14 of 89 patients during the follow-up period of 1-13 years. There were 25 late deaths, caused mainly by hepatic failure. The 5-year survival rate, including postoperative deaths, was 72 per cent in idiopathic portal hypertension and 55 per cent in liver cirrhosis. We suggest that transabdominal oesophageal transection is an acceptable operative procedure for oesophageal varices.     

129例门脉高压症手术治疗的体会

分析１２９例门脉高压症手术治疗资料，其中７８例行断流术，５１例行分流术．断流术组肝功能ＣｈｉｌｄＡ、Ｂ级占６５．４％，分流术组ＣｈｉｌｄＡ、Ｂ级占９４．１％．断流术后近期再出血率１０．２％，肝性脑病２．６％，病死率５．１％；分流术后再出血率１１．７％．肝性脑病４％，病死率５．９％．本组资料分析表明：门脉高压症并发急性消化道大出血时宜先采用积极内科治疗，待出血停止，肝功能改善后行择期手术．断流术止血效果满意，操作简单，适用范围广泛，且有助于肝脏功能改善．似可作为门脉高压症并发出血的首选术式．     

Ten years of selective shunts for hemorrhagic portal hypertension

Selective portosystemic shunts have been performed in our hospital since 1973 for the treatment of variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension. We report our experience in 139 selective operations performed in a 10-year period (1973 to 1983). One hundred thirty patients underwent elective nine underwent emergency surgery. Eighty-five patients were classified in the A functional group of Child, 42 in group B, and 12 in group C. The overall mortality rate in the emergency group was 44% and in the elective group, 13%. Ascitis and transitory hepatic failure were the most common postoperative complications. The long-term follow-up clinical encephalopathy rate was 16%. The survival rate according to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was 80% at 2 years, 68% at 5 years, and 67% at 10 years.     

Results of six hundred thirty-six esophageal transections with paraesophagogastric devascularization in the treatment of esophageal varices

This report describes 636 patients with portal hypertension in whom esophageal transections with paraesophagogastric devascularization were performed for the management of esophageal varices. The procedure was a prophylactic measure in 185 patients, elective surgery in 349, and an emergency procedure in 102. Portal hypertension was due to cirrhosis of the liver in 464 patients (40 alcoholic and 424 cryptogenic), idiopathic portal hypertension in 99, extrahepatic portal vein occlusion in 38, hepatoma in 22, and other causes in 13. The operative mortality rates were as follows: emergency 13.7%, elective cases 3.2%, prophylactic cases 4.3%, and overall 5.2%. There were no deaths in the 233 patients in Child's clinical class A; 232 class B patients had a 2% mortality rate, and 171 class C patients had a 17% mortality rate. The 10-year actuarial survival rates in patients with cirrhosis of the liver were 55% in emergency cases and 72% in both prophylactic and elective cases. In patients without cirrhosis the survival rates were 90%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. Recurrence of variceal bleeding or varices was less than 5%. We conclude that the Sugiura procedure is safe and effective in controlling esophageal varices and prolongs the long-term survival of patients with portal hypertension.