大黄酸对db/db小鼠糖尿病肾病疗效的观察

目的 :探讨大黄酸对 2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠糖尿病肾病的疗效及可能机制。　 方法 :以C5 7BL/KsJdb/db糖尿病小鼠为研究对象 ,以db/m小鼠为正常对照 ,大黄酸 12 0mg/ (kg·d)灌胃 ,连续 12周。定期观察血糖、血生化及血胰岛素变化 ,同时测定 2 4h尿白蛋白排泄量。实验结束时 ,宰杀小鼠 ,留取肾组织 ,作病理形态学检查、免疫组化及定量分析。　 结果 :db/db小鼠在实验开始时 ,已表现出明显肥胖 ,高血糖 ,高胰岛素及高脂血症 ,并出现白蛋白尿 ,随着病程延长 ,这些改变更加明显 ,并逐渐达到顶峰 ,胰岛素水平在实验后期迅速下降 ,同时肾功能受到损害 ,血肌酐明显上升。病理检查发现db/db小鼠未治疗组肾小球明显肥大 ,系膜区扩张 ,基膜增厚 ,细胞外基质 (ECM)合成增加 ,免疫球蛋白沉积增加。经大黄酸治疗 12周后 ,高脂血症被明显纠正 ,血糖轻微下降 ,2 4h尿白蛋白排泄量减少 ,肾功能得到保护。病理改变也明显减轻 ,ECM沉积减少 ,系膜区与丝球体面积比值明显减小 ,免疫球蛋白沉积被大部清除。　 结论 :大黄酸可以明显改善db/db小鼠糖尿病肾病的损害 ,延缓肾功能减退。     

2型糖尿病小鼠海马锥体细胞及毛细血管电镜观察

目的 研究2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠海马锥体细胞、毛细血管超微结构变化。方法 糖尿病组：6周龄C57BL／KsJ(db db )小鼠5只。对照组：非糖尿病小鼠C57BL／KsJ(?/ )5只。于30周龄时,灌注固定取脑、透射电镜下观察海马CA1区。结果 电镜下可见糖尿病小鼠海马锥体细胞凋亡、毛细血管基底膜增厚。结论 如上改变可能是糖尿病认知功能 减退的病理基础。     

CXCL16在db/db糖尿病肾病小鼠肾组织中的表达

目的:了解在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生发展过程中,CXCL16在db/db小鼠肾脏中的表达变化,并对其与DN的相关性进行初步探讨. 方法:选取分别代表DN不同发展阶段的4、8、12、16和20周龄的dh/db小鼠和同龄db/m小鼠各6只;取左肾的一半用于提取总RNA;右肾用于制作冰冻切片、石蜡切片、电镜标本等;利用半定量RT-PCR的方法分析各组小鼠肾脏中CXCL16 mRNA相对表达水平,以免疫组化的方法分析CXCL16蛋白在各组小鼠肾组织中的表达和分布情况;同时测定各组小鼠的体重、血糖、血三酰甘油、血胆固醇和24h尿白蛋白排泄量,分析各组小鼠的肾脏组织病理情况以了解小鼠DN的发生发展情况. 结果:(1)与同龄的db/m小鼠相比,4周龄的db/db小鼠的体重有所增加,但血糖、血三酰甘油、血胆固醇、24h尿白蛋白排泄量均无明显差异,肾脏组织病理分析也无明显变化,说明4周龄的db/db小鼠尚未发生糖尿病;但8周龄的db/db小鼠的血糖、24h尿白蛋白排泄量均已有明显升高,且肾组织中也已出现肾小球肥大、系膜区扩张、基膜增厚等DN病理改变,说明8周龄的db/db小鼠已发生了DN,但从各方面的情况来看,8周龄db/db小鼠的DN仍较轻,可代表DN早期的情况;自8周龄以后,db/db小鼠的血糖、血三酰甘油、血胆固醇、尿白蛋白排泄量以及肾小球肥大、系膜区扩张、基膜增厚等情况随着鼠龄的增长而不断的增加,说明db/db小鼠的DN不断进展.(2)与同龄的db/m小鼠相比,CXCL16在4周龄的db/db小鼠肾脏中的表达并没有明显变化;但8周龄db/db小鼠肾脏中CXCL16的表达水平已有所增加.此后,随着鼠龄的增加,DN的进展,CXCL16的表达水平逐渐增加.(3)在成年正常小鼠,CXCL16主要分布于小鼠肾脏髓质的小管中,相对来说在肾脏皮质中的分布较少;在DN小鼠,分布在肾小管和小球中的CXCL16均有明显增加;且肾小球CXCL16的表达增加主要发生在足细胞的位置.(4)CXCL16在幼年小鼠(指4周龄的db/m和db/db小鼠)肾脏中的表达分布与成年小鼠(指8周龄以上)亦存在一些差异,这可能提示CXCL16与小鼠肾脏的正常生长发育有关. 结论:db/db小鼠肾脏中CXCL16的表达随DN的发生发展而增高,至少在时间上与DN具有相关性,提示CXCL16可能参与DN的病理过程.     

大黄酸和罗格列酮对db/db糖尿病小鼠代谢紊乱和肾脏损伤的作用比较

目的:比较大黄酸和罗格列酮对糖尿病db/db小鼠代谢紊乱和肾脏损伤的作用,探讨大黄酸防治糖尿病肾病的机制.方法:实验小鼠分四组:db/m正常小鼠对照组;db/db糖尿病小鼠对照组;db/db糖尿病小鼠大黄酸[120 mg/(Kg·d)]台疗组;db/db糖尿病小鼠罗格列酮[4 m/g(Kg·d)]治疗组.连续灌胃12周,于实验末比较各组体重、血糖和血脂水平.PAS染色、免疫荧光分析肾小球病理形态学改变.电镜分析线粒体数目形态改变.Real-time PCR分析脂肪和肌肉组织过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、胰岛素抵抗因子(resistin)和脂肪酸转运体(FAT/CD36)mRNA表达.结果:大黄酸和罗格列酮治疗均可明显降低db/db小鼠血糖水平.大黄酸治疗还可明显减轻体重,降低血胆固醇和三酰甘油水平,改善高脂血症;而罗格列酮治疗则增加小鼠体重,提高血胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平.组织学显示,db/db小鼠肾小球肥大,系膜区扩张,系膜基质增加,大量纤维连接蛋白;同时肾小管线粒体数目减少,体积增大,嵴结构不清.大黄酸和罗格列酮治疗后均可明显改善上述肾脏病理改变,但对线粒体的作用大黄酸较罗格列酮更为明显.db/db小鼠肌肉和脂肪组织PPARγ和resistin的表达均明显下降,FAT/CD36表达增加.大黄酸和罗格列酮治疗后,PPARγ表达增加,FAT/CD36表达下降,resistin在肌肉组织表达增加而在脂肪组织则表达继续下降.结论:大黄酸明显降低db/db糖尿病小鼠血糖,减轻肾脏组织学异常,其作用和胰岛素增敏剂罗格列酮类似,大黄酸改善脂代谢紊乱和治疗糖尿病肾病的作用明显优于罗格列酮.     

雷公藤甲素治疗db／db糖尿病小鼠的疗效观察

目的:利用db/db小鼠验证雷公藤甲素对糖尿病肾脏损伤的治疗作用,探讨雷公藤甲素防治糖尿病肾病的机制. 方法:9周龄的db/db和db/m小鼠分为五组:(1)db/m正常对照组;(2)dh/dh糖尿病对照组;(3)缬沙坦治疗纽;(4)雷公藤甲素低剂最治疗组;(5)雷公藤甲素高剂繁治疗组.于4周、8周及12周测定各组24h尿白蛋白、血生化和体重.光镜观察肾小球病变,电镜观察足突改变,并作定量分析.免疫病理观察足细胞裂孔膜蛋白nephrin,足细胞损伤标志物desmin,炎症反应标志物单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1),氧化应激标志物4羟壬烯醛(4-HNE)的表达. 结果:db/db小鼠经雷公藤甲素治疗后蛋白尿下降,肾小球肥大和足细胞损伤减轻,肾组织炎症和氧化应激状态改善,同时高血脂和肥胖减轻.该作用随治疗时间延长,效果更加明显,且高剂量疗效优于低剂量.雷公藤甲素降低蛋白尿、改善肾小球肥大的作用与缬沙坦相似,但降低肾组织炎症和氧化应激的作用雷公藤甲素比缬沙坦更强. 结论:雷公藤甲索能明显降低dh/db小鼠尿蛋白的排泄,减轻肾组织炎症反应,改善肾脏组织病变,对糖尿病肾脏损伤具有显著且更全面的治疗作用.     

SPARC在db/db小鼠肌肉组织的表达及临床意义的观察

目的 观察db/db(C57BL/KsJ)小鼠肌肉组织中富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白(SPARC)mRNA和蛋白质的表达. 方法 选择12周龄的db/db小鼠(db/db组)及与其同窝野生对照型小鼠(NC组)各6只.分别取小腿肌肉组织,RT-PCR方法检测肌肉组织中SPARC基因表达,Western blot测定SPARC目的蛋白表达,免疫荧光染色法对肌肉组织进行染色. 结果 SPARC的mRNA及蛋白质在db/db组肌肉组织的表达明显强于NC组(P＜0.05). 结论 SPARC在db/db小鼠肌肉组织中呈现高表达,可能与IR及糖尿病的发生发展有密切关联.     

大黄酸和苯那普利联合治疗db/db糖尿病小鼠的疗效观察

目的:观察大黄酸和苯那普利对糖尿病db/db小鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用,比较二者疗效的差别,同时探讨大黄酸联合苯那普利治疗2型糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法:8周龄的db/db和db/m小鼠分为五组:A:db/m正常小鼠对照组;B:db/db糖尿病小鼠对照组;C:db/db糖尿病小鼠大黄酸[150mg/(kg·d)]治疗组;D:db/db糖尿病小鼠苯那普利[10mg/(kg·d)]治疗组;E:大黄酸[150mg/(kg·d)]联合苯那普利[10mg/(kg·d)]治疗组。于不同治疗时间(4周、8周、12周)测定各组体重、血糖、血脂(胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白)、血肌酐、24h尿白蛋白水平。肾组织病理切片行HE、PAS染色,采用图像分析软件对肾小球病理形态学改变进行定量分析。免疫病理观察肾组织转化生长因子(transforminggrowthfactor-β,TGF-β)以及纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的表达,并行半定量评分。结果:大黄酸组在治疗8周时体重、血糖、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、24h尿白蛋白排泄较糖尿病对照组均有明显下降(P<0·05),治疗12周时肾小球肥大、基质增生较糖尿病对照组明显改善,TGF-β、FN在肾小球中表达下调;苯那普利组治疗8周时24h尿白蛋白排泄较糖尿病对照组明显下降(P<0·05),治疗12周同样可减轻肾组织病变;大黄酸联合苯那普利组治疗第4周就能明显降低胆固醇、减轻尿白蛋白排泄,并且在治疗12周时血肌酐水平较糖尿病对照组明显下降(P<0·05),肾小球肥大以及基质增生较糖尿病对照组改善更为明显,同时TGF-β以及FN的表达下调更为显著。结论:大黄酸可改善db/db小鼠的肥胖程度、降低血糖、脂代谢紊乱,同时能降低尿白蛋白的排泄、改善肾功能,明显减轻db/db小鼠的肾脏病变;苯那普利同样可降低尿白蛋白排泄,改善肾功能,减轻肾组织病理改变。大黄酸和苯那普利联合治疗较单独用药更早的降低尿白蛋白排泄和改善血脂水平,同时改善肾功能和减轻肾组织病变的疗效也更加明显,大黄酸和苯那普利联合治疗疗效明显优于二者单独用药。     

2型糖尿病动物模型KK-Ay小鼠糖尿病肾病的鉴定

目的 研究2型糖尿病KK-Ay小鼠糖尿病肾病(DN)的特点和应用价值.方法 选择雄性KK-Ay小鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠各30只,每两周代谢笼收集24 h尿液及随意尿测尿微量白蛋白,眶后静脉丛采血测空腹血胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐、白蛋白.8、12、20周龄时两组分别处死10只小鼠取肾脏行病理检查.结果 不同周龄KK-Ar小鼠尿微量白蛋白、血胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯均比同周龄C57BL/6J小鼠高(P＜O.05),且随周龄增加而进展,8周龄表现为典型2型糖尿病,12周龄进入早期DN,20周龄肾脏病理表现为特征性DN改变,但未见肾功能下降.结论 KK-Ay小鼠是研究DN早期病变的理想模型.     

db/db糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏基因表达谱及大黄酸对其的影响

目的 :利用基因芯片技术了解db/db糖尿病小鼠肾脏基因表达谱及其经大黄酸治疗后的变化 ,进一步研究糖尿病肾病 (DN)的分子发病机制和大黄酸治疗DN的作用机制。　 方法 :利用国际学术界公认的标准化Affymetrix公司生产的GM U74A基因芯片分别检测正常对照组 (db/m小鼠 )、DN组 (db/db小鼠 )、大黄酸治疗组 [大黄酸 15 0mg/ (kg·d)治疗 12周 ]肾脏基因表达谱 ,并利用生物信息学方法对检测结果进行分析。　 结果 :分别得到了正常对照组、DN组、以及大黄酸治疗组的肾脏基因表达谱。分析发现 ,在总共 12 437个基因 (包括EST)中 ,与正常对照组相比 ,DN组有 10 85个基因表达下调 ,37个基因表达上调 ,其中变化幅度大于 2倍的分别有 16 6个和 2 9个 ;与DN组相比 ,大黄酸治疗组有 384个基因表达下调 ,15 5个表达上调 ,其中变化幅度大于 2倍的分别有 47个和 30个。结论 :利用基因芯片技术在阐明了DN肾脏基因的表达谱同时 ,证实大黄酸治疗可以改变其基因的表达谱 ,为进一步研究DN的分子发病机制和大黄酸治疗的作用机制创造了条件。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的　观察空腹血浆总同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平与 2型糖尿病视网膜病变发生发展的关系。方法　研究对象为 5 5例 2型糖尿病 (DM)和 19例 (男 12例 ,女 7例 )非DM健康对照者 (CON)。DM组分为两个亚组 :无微血管并发症 (NDC)组 39例 (男 17例 ,女 2 2例 ) ,糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)组16例 (男 8例 ,女 8例 )。所有患者肾功能和尿白蛋白 /肌酐 (Alb/Cr)均正常。根据眼底荧光造影判断视网膜病变的严重程度。应用高效液相 反相色谱分析和荧光检测的方法测定空腹血浆总Hcy水平。结果　DR组、NDC组和CON组间的血浆总Hcy浓度差异有显著性 (F =2 4 0 5 ,P =0 0 31) ,DR组血浆总Hcy水平 [(14 7± 5 2 8) μmol/L]显著高于NDC组 [(11 3± 4 94) μmol/L]和CON组 [(9 6 5± 2 6 6 )μmol/L]。NDC组与CON组比较差异无显著性。在DR组 ,增殖性视网膜病变 (PDR)亚组总Hcy水平显著高于背景性视网膜病变 (BDR)亚组 (t=2 4 0 5 ,P =0 0 31)。本研究中 ,总Hcy超过 14 97μmol/L即为高同型半胱氨酸血症 ,其中PDR亚组有 4例 ,BDR亚组为 1例。结论　伴视网膜病变的 2型DM患者血浆总Hcy水平高于正常人 ,其中PDR组的血浆总Hcy浓度高于BDR组。空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可能是 2型糖尿病视网膜病变的重要危险因素之一。     

Development of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in conscious genetically diabetic (C57BL/KsJ-db/db) mice

Summary A bolus injection of insulin dose-dependently reduced plasma glucose levels in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice and their normoglycaemic littermates (+/+ mice) aged 5, 8 and 12 weeks. Compared between the groups, the dose-response curves showed that insulin resistance was already present in the 5-week-old db/db mice when they were still normoglycaemic. The minimum effective dose of insulin was lower in the +/+ (32 g/kg) than in the db/db (100 g/kg) mice and the maximum response which was obtained at 320–1000 g/kg of the hormone was higher in the former (about 80%) than in the latter (about 55%). Although the basal plasma glucose levels in the db/db mice were significantly increased with age as compared with those in the +/+ mice, the insulin response curves were identical in the db/db mice from 5 to 12 weeks of age. The number of insulin binding sites were significantly decreased by 22–50% (5–12-week-old) in the liver plasma membrane from the db/db mice compared with that from the +/+ mice, while its affinity was not significantly changed between the groups. Streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment increased the number of insulin receptors in the db/db mice to a number comparable with those in the +/+ mice. Coinciding with the change, the hypoglycaemic action of insulin was slightly enhanced in the streptozotocin-treated db/db mice compared with that in nontreated db/db mice, but was still considerably depressed when compared with that in +/+ mice. It is concluded that a simple dose-response study using a bolus injection of insulin can detect insulin resistance in db/db mice which occurred before the manifestation of hyperglycaemia and remained constant during the course of developing hyperglycaemia. Down-regulation of insulin receptors due to the hyperinsulinaemia may play only a part in the insulin resistance.Abbreviations STZ Streptozotocin - NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - Kd dissociation constant     

Oxidative damage in cerebral vessels of diabetic db/db mice

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus has recently received increasing attention as it has been proven to be associated with the development of diabetic vascular complications. Our aim was to examine whether microvascular changes, including oxidative damage, were induced in the brains of diabetic animals. METHODS: The expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, the binding of cationized ferritin, a marker for evaluating endothelial glycocalyx, to the endothelial cells of capillaries and vascular permeability of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase were examined in the cortices of 12- and 20-week-old db/db and db/+m mice. RESULTS: Immunostaining for 8-OHdG was clearly seen in the vessels of the cortex of 20-week-old db/db mice, but was hardly seen in those of mice in the other groups. The immunopositive area of 8-OHdG was significantly increased in the cortex of 20-week-old db/db mice compared with that of 20-week-old db/+m mice. No extravasated leakage of horseradish peroxidase was seen in any groups of mice, while the numbers of cationized ferritin particles binding to the endothelial cells was significantly decreased in 12- and 20-week-old db/db mice compared with that of db/+m mice at the same age, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that changes in endothelial glycocalyx are induced in db/db mice and, in addition, the long-term diabetic condition of these mice induces oxidative DNA damage to the cerebral vessels.     

硫辛酰胺对db/db小鼠肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的观察硫辛酰胺(ALM)对db/db小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法db/db小鼠随机分为糖尿病组(DM)和ALM组,C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照组(NC),每组各6只。ALM组于第9周时予ALM[100 mg/(kg·d)]进行灌胃干预,干预8周后处死小鼠,检测生化指标及肝组织谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醇(MDA)表达量,油红O、HE染色观察肝脏病理学改变,Western blot法检测肝组织中核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)蛋白水平。结果与NC组比较,DM组体重、TG、TC、FBG升高,MDA含量升高[(0.73±0.04)vs(0.92±0.17)nmol/mg,P<0.05],CAT活性降低[(1.08±0.18)vs(0.52±0.14)U/mg,P<0.05],ALT、AST活性升高[(16.85±3.84)vs(22.42±4.56)U/g,(6.07±1.91)vs(8.19±1.51)U/g,P<0.05],Nrf2、HO-1的表达升高[(0.33±0.25)vs(1.81±0.34),(0.29±0.13)vs(1.25±0.19),P<0.05]。与DM组比较,ALM组体重、TG、TC降低,MDA降低[(0.92±0.17)vs(0.56±0.11)nmol/mg,P<0.05],CAT活性升高[(0.52±0.14)vs(0.91±0.20)U/mg,P<0.05],ALT、AST活性降低[(22.42±4.56)vs(17.08±5.08)U/g,(8.19±1.51)vs(5.10±0.46)U/g,P<0.05],Nrf2、HO-1表达降低[(1.81±0.34)vs(1.01±0.30),(1.25±0.19)vs(0.52±0.17),P<0.05]。结论ALM可抑制T2DM小鼠肝损伤的发生发展,其机制可能是通过改善肝组织脂质沉积、抑制氧化应激,调节Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达以实现。     

Global gene expression analysis in liver of obese diabetic db/db mice treated with metformin

Aims/hypothesis Metformin is widely used as a hypoglycaemic reagent for type 2 diabetes. While the reduction of hepatic gluconeogenesis is thought to be a key effect, the detailed molecular mechanism of action of metformin remains to be elucidated. To gain insight into this, we performed a global gene expression profiling study.Materials and methods We performed DNA microarray analysis to study global gene expression in the livers of obese diabetic db/db mice 2 h after a single administration of metformin (400 mg/kg).Results This analysis identified 14 genes that showed at least a 1.5-fold difference in expression following metformin treatment, including a reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression. The mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase showed one of the best correlations with blood glucose levels among 12,000 genes. Enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was also reduced in metformin-treated liver. Moreover, intensive analysis of the expression profile revealed that metformin effected significant alterations in gene expression across at least ten metabolic pathways, including those involved in glycolysis-gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, as well as suppression of mRNA expression levels of this gene, in liver is of prime importance for controlling blood glucose levels in vivo, at least at early time points after metformin treatment. Our results also suggest that metformin not only affects expression of specific genes, but also alters the expression level of multiple genes linked to the metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at     

The effect of a high fibre diet on diabetic nephropathy in the db/db mouse

Summary Genetically diabetic mice (C57 BLKsJ db/ db) aged 5–6 weeks were given a diet containing 20% by weight of non-nutritive bulk and compared with age matched control diabetic mice on a normal diet (fibre content 4.5%) and non-diabetic mice. The duration of study was 12 weeks. No adverse effects were observed in animals given the high fibre diet. Total food consumption was greater in mice receiving the fibre enriched diet, but their absolute caloric intake was 6% less than control diabetic mice. Both groups exhibited similar rates of growth and development. Water intake in the experimental diabetic mice was reduced and similar to that of normal non-diabetic mice. Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased in the experimental diabetic mice at 12 weeks. Renal pathological lesions in the control diabetic mice showed glomerular mesangial expansion and deposition of immunoglobulins within the mesangium. The experimental diabetic animals exhibited significantly less renal pathology, including light and immunofluorescent lesions. It is concluded that addition of non-absorbable fibre to the diet of genetically diabetic mice improves glycaemic control and retards the development of diabetic nephropathy.     

胰激肽原酶对2型糖尿病小鼠肾小管病变的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨胰激肽原酶（PKK）对2型糖尿病（DM）肾病的作用及分子机制. 方法 将20只4周龄体重22～28 g的健康雄性db/db小鼠随机分为2组,PKK干预组（n=10,PKK腹腔注射60U·kg^-1·d^-1）和DM组（n=10,腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/g）.以同窝出生的db/m小鼠为正常对照组（n=8,腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/g）.每周检测小鼠的血糖和体重,每月监测小鼠收缩压与舒张压.干预16周后处死小鼠,留取肾脏组织标本.光镜观察各组小鼠肾小管病理学变化,电镜观察肾小管超微结构的改变.应用免疫组化方法检测肾脏组织中上皮型-钙黏附蛋白的表达水平,实时PCR方法检测小鼠肾脏组织白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、纤维连接蛋白的mRNA表达水平.采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析,多组资料用单因素方差分析. 结果 （1）干预16周后,DM组和PKK干预组小鼠血糖、体重均高于正常对照组小鼠,肾重/体重指数明显低于正常对照组,其差异有统计学意义[对照、DM、PKK组血糖分别为（5.4±0.6）、（27.4±4.6）、（26.9±3.0） mmol/L,F=86.35,P＜0.01;体重分别为（24.3±3.1）、（42.6±4.8）、（41.5±2.6）g,F=38.82,P＜0.01;肾重/体重指数分别为12.52±2.53、9.01±1.25、9.83±1.18,F=7.27,P＜0.01].DM与PKK组之间差异无统计学意义.3组之间的收缩压与舒张压差异均无统计学意义.（2）电镜提示PKK组DM小鼠肾脏近端与远端小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀的情况、线粒体数目、近端小管上皮细胞的脂代谢障碍均较DM组改善.（3）免疫组化分析提示,与正常对照组相比,DM组E钙黏附蛋白表达明显减少,PKK干预组显著升高,分别为18.8±1.8、15.8±1.9、19.7±2.9 （F=9.70,P＜0.01）.3组IL-1β的表达分别为2.30±1.22、4.14±3.40、0.92±0.59（F=11.86,P＜0.01）;纤维连接蛋白的表达分别为1.67±0.53、8.45±2.02、2.04±0.79 （F=52.66,P＜0.01）. 结论 胰激肽原酶对2型糖尿病小鼠的肾小管具有保护作用,且机