纤维支气管镜用于双腔支气管导管的定位

目的 研究纤维支气管镜（FOB）在国人双腔支气管导管插管定位中的应用。方法 90例行择期开胸手术、术中需要单肺通气的病人，ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级。全麻诱导后用传统方法插入双腔支气管导管。听诊法确定和调整导管的位置，然后用FOB确定和调整导管的位置。在病人由平卧位变为侧卧位后再次为FOB确定和调整导管的位置。记录各次导管的深度。结果 FOB检查发现盲法置入的68%左侧和62%右侧双腔导管位置不正确，导管过深的情况更多见；导管在最佳位置时的深度与病人的身高无相关性；24%病人侧卧位后导管位置有变动，以向近侧移动居多。结论 在初始插管及体位变动后，用纤维支气管镜确定和调整双腔导管的位置更准确、可靠、应常规使用。     

双腔支气管插管用于支气管造影的麻醉体会

怎样减轻支气管造影时患者的不适和提高安全性是临床关注的问题。我科与放射科合作,对5例支气管扩张的患者在全麻诱导和x线指导下行快速双腔气管导管插管并造影,取得成功,现报道如下。     

Airtraq可视喉镜与Macintosh喉镜用于双腔支气管插管的临床研究

目的 比较Airtraq可视喉镜和Macintosh喉镜用于双腔支气管插管的临床效果.方法 选择需行单肺通气的胸外科手术患者60例,随机均分为两组.A组使用Airtraq可视喉镜而M组使用Macintosh直接喉镜行双腔支气管插管.比较两组插管时间、Cormack/Lehane分级、插管难易度评分(IDS评分)、进入目标支气管的成功率、口腔损伤出血情况(唇、齿、舌及口腔黏膜).结果 A组MallampatiⅢ级患者的插管时间明显短于M组(P＜0.05);Cormack/Lehane分级及IDS评分明显优于M组(P＜0.05);IDS评分≥1分患者A组明显少于M组(P＜0.05).结论 与Macintosh喉镜相比,MallampatiⅢ级患者使用Airtraq可视喉镜插管速度更快,Airtraq可视喉镜下声门显露更佳,且插管难度更低.     

弹性橡胶探条用于引导双腔支气管导管插管的对比研究

目的探讨弹性橡胶探条应用于引导双腔支气管导管插管的可行性。方法选择2010年2～8月需行双腔支气管导管插管、直接喉镜显露Cormack-Lehane气道分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的胸科手术60例,随机分为常规双腔支气管导管插管组（SI）和经弹性橡胶探条引导双腔支气管导管插管组（BI）,每组各30例。吸纯氧5 min后,静脉顺序给予咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg、利多卡因40 mg、丙泊酚1.5～2 mg/kg和罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg麻醉诱导,肌松完善后直接喉镜下分别经铝制管芯（SI组）或弹性橡胶探条（BI组）引导双腔管插管。观察诱导插管期间心率（HR）和平均动脉压（MAP）变化,记录2组完成诱导时间和气管插管一次成功率,比较2组术后气管插管相关并发症发生率。结果与诱导前比较,2组HR和MAP在麻醉诱导后均明显下降（P〈0.01）,插管后1 min,2组HR和MAP上升（P〈0.05）,插管后3 min恢复至诱导前水平。2组完成诱导时间分别为：SI组（5.1±0.8）min,BI组（5.9±0.9）min（t=3.423,P=0.542）。BI组气管插管一次成功率（96.7%）明显高于SI组（80.0%）（χ2=4.043,P=0.044）。术后SI组有14例出现喉痛,而BI组仅为6例（χ2=4.800,P=0.028）。结论弹性橡胶探条可安全应用于引导双腔支气管导管插管。     

双腔支气管导管插管深度与身高的关系

目的　探寻Mallinckrodt双腔支气管导管 (DLT)插管深度与患者身高之间的关系。方法　第一阶段选择胸科手术成年患者 370例 ,分为男性左DLT组 (ML组 )、女性左DLT组 (FL组 )、男性右DLT组 (MR组 )和女性右DLT组 (FR组 )。静脉诱导后插入选定的MallinckrodtDLT。听诊法调整管端位置 ,测量插管深度 (ID 1)。纤维支气管镜 (FB)直视下调整管端位置 ,再次测量插管深度 (ID 2 )。以患者身高和ID 2推导不同组别的回归方程。第二阶段 330例胸科手术患者 ,插入选定的DLT后 ,用听诊法和相应组别的回归方程所计算的插管深度调整管端位置 ,测量插管深度 (ID 3)。在FB直视下确认管端正确到位后 ,再次测量导管插管深度 (ID 4)。结果　根据 370例观测 ,听诊法确认双腔管管端已正确到位 ,与FB检查符合的仅 16 9例 ,错位率达 5 4 3%。FB确认管端正确到位时 ,ML组插管深度 (30 9± 1 8)cm比FL组 (2 8 3± 1 3)cm平均深 2 6cm(P <0 0 1) ,MR组 (30 2± 1 7)cm比FR组 (2 7 9± 1 6 )cm平均深 2 3cm(P <0 0 1)。插管深度与患者身高呈高度相关 (P<0 0 1)。第二阶段研究中按听诊法和相应回归方程计算值调整插管深度后 ,管端错位率比第一阶段降低了 6 0 % (P <0 0 1)。结论　MallinckrodtDLT正确插入深度与身高呈高度相关     

气流法在左侧双腔支气管定位中的应用

判断双腔支气管导管(double lumen tube，DLT)是否就位满意是胸科麻醉的关键技术之一。通过长期临床观察，发现利用左侧DLT在逐渐回撤的过程中管腔内气流变化以及由于温差随之在管壁产生气雾的变化，在不使用任何其他设备的情况下，指导左侧DLT满意就位，此方法取得可靠的临床效果。     

双腔支气管导管插管错位原因的影像学分析

目的 探讨双腔支气管导管插管不能进入对应支气管的原因和解决办法.方法 选取87例开胸手术需行双腔支气管导管插管进行双肺隔离通气病例.对每例预设和改变的双腔支气管导管型号、气管及支气管内径和走行情况、双腔支气管导管插管定位情况、气管内镜使用情况及所见、特殊情况等,结合CT所见进行分析.测如下数据:左支气管内径(ZN),右支气管内径(YN),左支气管与气管下半段轴线的夹角(ZJ),右支气管与气管下半段轴线的夹角(YJ),气管下半段轴线与身体纵轴夹角(QJ),右左支气管开口垂直直线距离在气管后段内径中的占比(YB、ZB)和其占比差(YB-ZB).结果 87例中27例气管偏移或变异,其中13例有右支气管导管插管顺利倾向定义为特殊右(TY),另14例有左支气管导管插管顺利倾向定义为特殊左(TZ);其余60例气管基本正常,49例选左支气管导管插管顺利定义为正常左(ZZ),11例选右支气管导管插管顺利定义为正常右(ZY).TY与TZ在ZJ、YJ、QJ和YB-ZB间,与ZZ在YJ、QJ和YB-ZB间,与ZY在QJ和YB-ZB间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TY表现为:QJ右倾(8.08±5.94)°;ZJ角度偏向正常高限(47.46±7.28)°;YB-ZB明显大;YN相对其ZN宽,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).TZ表现为:ZJ相对较小;YJ相对较大,与TY相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与ZZ、ZY相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).以上因素决定了气管后半段的趋向性,影响着双腔支气管导管插管的走向,双腔支气管导管插管不能进入对应支气管.结论 插管前根据CT定位像中气管后半段趋向性,选择左或右双腔支气管导管插管,是解决双腔支气管导管顺利插入对应支气管的最简捷方法之一.     

纤维支气管镜辅助双腔支气管导管插管临床应用观察

目的观察纤维支气管镜辅助双腔支气管导管插管在手术中定位的应用效果。方法对80例普胸外科手术患者应用纤维支气管镜辅助双腔支气管导管插管进行引导定位,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果患者均一次性成功插入双腔支气管导管。纤维支气管镜辅助双腔支气管导管插管定位成功率96.25%(77/80),听诊定位成功率63.01%(46/73)。变动体位后经纤支镜再次检查发现DLT管端位置有移位6例,其中4例出现气道阻力增大(30 cm H2O)。PETCO2波形变化、SpO2下降2例,均再作调整纠正。结论双腔支气管导管在听诊法下插管分隔成功率低,实施纤支镜辅助可行有效定位及分析,同时对患者改变体位后导管位置变动者需重新定位。     

灯杖用于左侧双腔支气管导管定位的初步评价

胸内手术多需单肺通气,双腔支气管导管(DLT)是单肺通气的首选。在没有纤维支气管镜(FOB)时,DLT的准确定位较困难、且费时。作者借助灯杖和胸部X片确定双腔管位置,取得了较好的临床定位效果,现报道如下。资料与方法一般资料研究分为两部分,第一部分选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级使用左侧DLT(L     

双腔支气管导管选择

肺隔离术是胸外科手术常用的呼吸管理方法,其将左、右两侧肺通气径路分隔开,可选择性进行单肺通气,防止病侧肺的血、痰液流人健侧,同时术侧肺萎缩可为术者提供良好的暴露。随着医学的进步,支气管肺灌洗术、现代微创胸部外科、肺移植术均要求能有效地实施单肺通气。肺隔离方法包括支气管堵塞、单腔支气管导管、Univent管、双腔支气管导管（以下简称双腔管）等。这些方法中,双腔支气管插管操作简单,双侧气道的可控性强,仍是目前实施单肺通气的主要方法。     

Selective lobar bronchial blockade using a double-lumen endotracheal tube and bronchial blocker

We report our experience of a selective lobar bronchial blockade (SLBB) technique with a bronchial blocker (BB) which was employed successfully with a routine double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) in three patients. For the first case, we selectively blocked the infected left lower lobe in a surgical patient with a lung abscess in a DLT setting. For the second case, we applied this method to block the right middle and lower lobes in order to assess air leakage from the upper lobe during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). For the third case, selective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the blocked lobes on the operative side resulted in oxygenation improvement with one-lung ventilation (OLV) in a DLT. This novel technique provides benefits during general thoracic surgery by preventing contamination, providing a better operative field, and improving oxygenation with lobar CPAP.     

Difficulty in placement of a left-sided double-lumen tube due to aberrant tracheobronchial anatomy

A rare case of a tracheal bronchus coexisting with a left-shifted carina and an acute angle of left main bronchus is presented. A 66 year old man with a history of colon cancer was scheduled for right thoracoscopic pericardial window due to recurrent pericardial effusion. After induction of anesthesia, the trachea was intubated using a 39-French, left-sided double lumen tube (DLT); the DLT was positioned with fiberoptic bronchoscopic guidance. Significantly high airway pressure was noticed as we initiated one-lung ventilation after the patient was positioned in the left lateral decubitus position. While repositioning the DLT, we found an aberrant tracheal bronchus. Although multiple attempts were made to adjust the DLT so as to achieve lung isolation, we could not place the DLT in the appropriate position due to abnormal and distorted anatomy. Lung isolation was unsuccessful; both lungs were carefully ventilated with small tidal volumes.     

The use of a bronchial blocker to rescue an ill-fitting double-lumen endotracheal tube

IMPLICATIONS: Using certain specialized endotracheal tubes designed to allow single-lung ventilation for certain thoracic surgical procedures may be fraught with technical difficulties owing to common anatomic anomalies. This case report describes a simple solution for an ill-fitting right double-lumen endotracheal tube using a balloon-tipped catheter.     

The addition of a brief ultrasound examination to clinical assessment increases the ability to confirm placement of double-lumen endotracheal tubes

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of a brief ultrasound examination (US) in detecting the correct position of the left double-lumen endotracheal tube (LDLT).DesignProspective, randomized clinical study.SettingOperating room of a university hospital.Patients50 elective adult thoracic surgery patients who required a LDLT during anesthesia.Intervention and MeasurementsPatients were randomized to two groups: Group A, who underwent clinical assessment of the LDLT position, and Group B, who were examined clinically and by ultrasound. All 50 patients underwent the same conventional procedure of LDLT placement. In all patients, clinical assessment of LDLT positioning was made by observing chest wall expansion and checking lung compliance by manual ventilation and by auscultation of both lungs. In Group B, a very brief ultrasound (15-30 sec) examination was added. Ultrasound examination included visualization of the pleural movements (“lung sliding”) and motion of the diaphragm from both sides before and after selective clamping of the bronchial and tracheal limbs. In both groups, a second anesthesiologist performed bronchoscopy to estimate actual LDLT position.Main ResultsSensitivity and negative predictive values in detecting proper LDLT positioning for both methods were 100%. For the clinical assessment alone (Group A), specificity was 22%, accuracy was 72%, and positive predictive value, 70%; for the clinical and ultrasound assessment (Group B), specificity was 50%, accuracy was 88%, and positive predictive value, 86%.ConclusionA brief ultrasound examination added to clinical assessment ensured more precise placement of LDLT than did clinical assessment alone.