Eosinophilic cystitis after bladder instillation with dimethyl sulfoxide

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare and poorly understood disorder. We report the first case of an acute flare of eosinophilic cystitis in a 51-year-old woman after bladder instillation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for presumed interstitial cystitis. The patient presented with severe bladder pain, fever, and eosinophilia several hours after instillation. These symptoms were unresponsive to conventional analgesic and antibiotic treatments. Cystoscopy revealed erythema and exudate at the bladder walls, along with edema of both ureteral orifices. Bladder biopsies demonstrated massive eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder, confirming the diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis. Urologists should bear in mind this clinical entity, particularly when DMSO is administered to patients with multiple drug allergies.     

Eosinophilic cystitis in children: a self-limited process

We report a case of eosinophilic cystitis in a 7-year-old boy. Bilateral hydronephrosis and a lesion involving most of the bladder were seen initially. Complete resolution of all symptoms occurred within 3 weeks and the x-ray findings returned to normal in 6 weeks without specific therapy. A review of all reported cases of eosinophilic cystitis in children suggests that, unlike in adults, the disease is self-limited.     

Eosinophilic cystitis: successful long-term treatment with montelukast sodium

We report a rare case of eosinophilic cystitis in a 6-year-old boy who presented with irritative voiding symptoms, peripheral eosinophilia, and a bladder mass initially visualized on ultrasonography. Cystoscopy and transurethral biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Complete resolution of his symptoms occurred within 1 week of corticosteroid use and the x-ray findings improved within 6 weeks. At 6 months of follow-up, the patient continued to require a leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast sodium) despite several attempts to discontinue its use. We propose that eosinophilic cystitis in children who present with peripheral eosinophilia will often require long-term treatment.     

Eosinophilic cystitis causing spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder in a child

We report a unique case of eosinophilic cystitis causing intraperitoneal bladder perforation in a child diagnosed by chance with no signs or history of trauma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of eosinophilic cystitis complicated by bladder rupture in children. The patient was successfully treated with primary repair. For children with non-traumatic bladder perforation, eosinophilic cystitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis.     

A case of tranilast-induced cystitis with transient ECG changes]

A case of tranilast (Rizaben)-induced cystitis accompanied with possibly hypereosinophilic heart syndrome was described. A 75-year-old male, who had been taking tranilast for allergic dermatitis for two months, was admitted for severe bladder stimulating symptoms which was unresponsive to antibiotic therapies. Clinical examination revealed tenderness of the prostate, aseptic pyuria, eosinophilia, liver dysfunction and electrocardiographic disorders including atrial fibrillation, T-wave inversions and lowered ST segment without any cardiac symptoms. Cystitis symptoms, pyuria, eosinophilia and liver dysfunction improved within several days after discontinuance of tranilast, and ST-T changes on ECG gradually normalized within a few months. Tranilast-induced cystitis has been demonstrated as a type of eosinophilic cystitis. Since pathologic findings of eosinophilic cystitis and hypereosinophilic heart syndrome are markedly similar and all symptoms and signs disappeared after deprivation of tranilast, it appears likely that eosinophilic inflammation was induced to the heart, liver, bladder and prostate of the current patient by tranilast.     

Eosinophilic pyeloureteritis: report of a case

A case is reported of ureteral obstruction that was owing to eosinophilic pyeloureteritis, a previously unrecorded entity. The microscopic findings of extensive fibrosis and a relatively mild eosinophilic infiltrate were similar to those found in a series of eosinophilic cystitis, which was reported recently from this laboratory. Also, local injury appears to initiate some examples of eosinophilic cystitis and in the present case there was a striking history of injury 1 month before the symptoms of ureteral obstruction.     

A case report of eosinophilic cystitis complicated with transient vesicoureteral reflux

A case of eosinophilic cystitis complicated with transient vesicoureteral reflux in an 11-year-old girl with allergic disorders is reported. She was suffering from pollakisuria, painful urination, vesical irritability, and gross hematuria for about 2 months. Urinalysis showed aseptic pyuria. White blood cell count was 9,700/mm3 with eosinophils of 10%. Eosinophils were also found on urine cytology. Intravenous pyelography revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and apparently contracted bladder. Tumorous lesion and edematous mucosa were observed in the retrotrigonal region on cystoscopy. The multiple bladder biopsy uniformly revealed eosinophilic cystitis. Following antiallergic treatment, practically all symptoms subsided in steps, and normal cystoscopic appearance and histological structure were restored in 3 months. The vesicoureteral reflux markedly diminished in 10 months.     

Eosinophilic cystitis and nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder: a rare association of 2 unusual findings in childhood

Neither eosinophilic cystitis nor nephrogenic adenoma is often diagnosed in children, with few pediatric cases being reported in the literature. Although these maladies share the same predisposing conditions, namely, chronic irritation or injury to the urothelium and lower urinary tract and symptoms such as dysuria, hematuria, and urinary frequency, their concomitance is exceptional. Herein, we report the case of an 8-year-old boy with a previous history of bladder surgery presenting histologically diagnosed eosinophilic cystitis and nephrogenic adenoma.     

Blood eosinophilia, corticoadrenal insufficiency and eosinophilic cystitis

Blood eosinophilia generally indicates an underlying allergic, infectious or hematologic disease. Corticoadrenal insufficiency is known to be another cause of blood eosinophilia. Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare disease in which the bladder wall is infiltrated by eosinophils; however, the etiology of eosinophilic cystitis remains unclear. We report a case of corticoadrenal insufficiency with blood eosinophilia developing gross hematuria and eosinophilic cystitis. The patient was treated with medical therapy, including oral corticosteroids, obtaining excellent results.     

Recurrent eosinophilic cystitis: a case responsive to steroids.

We report a case of eosinophilic cystitis that was responsive to prednisone but that recurred when the drug was withdrawn. The cause of eosinophilic cystitis remains an enigma but it probably represents a form of allergy. Investigation of etiology and therapeutic options are discussed.     

Eosinophilic cystitis induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical instillation

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare and uncommon inflammatory bladder disease, in which the pathophysiology is unclear; only a few cases of such disease induced by intravesical instillations have been described. We report a case of eosinophilic cystitis after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation for nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. To our knowledge, this report is the first case of eosinophilic cystitis induced by intravesical BCG therapy.     

嗜酸性膀胱炎3例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨嗜酸性膀胱炎的临床诊断和诊治方法.方法:回顾性分析3例嗜酸性膀胱炎患者临床资料,并结合相关文献综合分析讨论本病病因学、诊断和治疗.结果:3例患者起病均有膀胱下尿路刺激症状、镜下或肉眼血尿,B超见膀胱壁增厚和(或)膀胱新生物.经膀胱镜检查并活检确诊为嗜酸性膀胱炎.其中1例患者经电切后口服抗感染、抗过敏药物后好转,1例考虑为寄生虫感染患者加用抗寄生虫药物后好转;1例病灶电切后反复发作,经仔细追问病史,患者有虾蟹过敏史,经抗过敏及禁食虾蟹后未再发作.随访18～128个月,平均随访72个月,预后良好.结论:嗜酸性膀胱炎确诊需要膀胱镜检查及组织活检.治疗上以消除病因,切除病变组织和抗炎、抗过敏等治疗方法.本病容易复发,需要长期强制性随访.     

Eosinophilic cystitis in adults

PURPOSE: We describe the largest clinical experience with the diagnosis and management of largely anecdotally reported eosinophilic cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five women and 12 men 18 to 84 years with proved eosinophilic cystitis were treated in a 23-year period. Some combination of hematuria, irritative voiding, dysuria and suprapubic pain was present in 14 cases (82%). The remaining 3 patients (18%) were asymptomatic and the diagnosis was made by cystoscopy done because of a history of bladder carcinoma. Available data included no peripheral eosinophilia in 10 of 10 patients studied, pyuria in 12 (92%), microhematuria in 11 of 13 (84%), sterile urine in all 17, abnormal urine cytology in 2 of 17 (12%), bilateral hydronephrosis in 1 and a bladder mass or thickening in 2. Cystoscopy showed erythema in all cases and tumor-like lesions or edema in 3 (17.6%). Histological studies revealed eosinophilic cystitis in all 17 patients, while in 1 with no history of bladder carcinoma eosinophilic cystitis coexisted with carcinoma. RESULTS: Two patients were lost to followup and the remaining 15 were followed 1 to 37 months. After biopsy and fulguration of the lesions 10 patients received no further treatment, including 6 with complete symptom resolution and 1 with improvement. The 3 asymptomatic patients with a history of bladder carcinoma remained asymptomatic and disease-free. Another 4 patients underwent medical therapy and improved, of whom 1 had recurrence that was successfully re-treated medically. The remaining patient, who was symptomatic, underwent cystoprostatectomy for end stage bladder disease. CONCLUSIONS: Manifestations of eosinophilic cystitis indistinguishably mimic those of other inflammatory and malignant bladder disorders that may precede or coexist with it. The condition usually follows a benign course in most cases but occasionally its relentless progression causes crippling disease.     

嗜酸性膀胱炎2例报告并文献复习

目的：提高对嗜酸性膀胱炎的认识及诊疗水平。方法：回顾性分析2例以血尿为主要表现患者的临床资料,术前均诊断为膀胱肿瘤。结果：2例患者均行膀胱部分切除术,术后病理检查均证实为嗜酸性膀胱炎。结论：嗜酸性膀胱炎是一种发病率较低的疾病,易与膀胱肿瘤相混淆．其鉴别主要依赖于病理检查。     

嗜酸性膀胱炎合并髂静脉血栓一例报告并文献复习

目的探讨嗜酸性膀胱炎（EC）的临床表现、病理特征和诊治方法及其与深静脉血栓形成间的关联。 方法回顾性分析一例嗜酸性膀胱炎合并髂静脉血栓患者的临床、影像、病理及随访资料。患者,女,54岁,MR提示膀胱右后壁广泛不规则增厚,并呈结节状突向膀胱内,右输尿管扩张,右侧髂外静脉及髂内静脉见条状充盈缺损。总结近10年关于EC的相关文献。 结果膀胱镜见膀胱右侧壁黏膜广泛增厚、水肿、充血,红斑形成并可见团块状隆起。活检提示膀胱黏膜层及黏膜下层广泛嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,符合嗜酸性膀胱炎。予口服抗组胺药、糖皮质激素及利伐沙班治疗3个月,复查MR及膀胱镜提示膀胱壁黏膜光滑,原右髂静脉内血栓消失,双输尿管未见扩张。随访1年未见症状及影像学复发。 结论嗜酸性膀胱炎为少见的膀胱炎性疾病,临床特征有其特异性,并可能通过过敏或炎症介导的高凝和血小板活化诱发深静脉血栓形成,具体机制仍待研究。     

Two cases of eosinophilic cystitis induced by tranilast.

We report 2 cases of eosinophilic cystitis induced by Tranilast, which was used for the treatment of bronchial asthma. In case 2 Tranilast itself and its metabolic derivative proved to be inciting agents by a drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test. The literature on this association is reviewed.     

Saireito-induced cystitis in children: Two new cases and a review of the literature

We describe 2 children with sterile cystitis caused by Saireito, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. A diagnosis of cystitis was made for 1 child at 8 months and for the other at 11 months after Saireito treatment for renal disease was initiated. Clinical symptoms were resolved 1 and 6 weeks after Saireito treatment was withdrawn. We also reviewed the first report written in the English language on 8 additional patients with Saireito-induced cystitis. We found that Saireito-induced cystitis occurred mainly in children and developed 6 months or more after Saireito treatment was initiated. The incidence is not uncommon, and the cause may be an allergic reaction, because eosinophilic cell infiltration was noted on histopathologic examination, and the challenge test was positive. We recommend that, when sterile cystitis develops during treatment with Saireito, Saireito should be immediately withdrawn.     

Eosinophilic cystitis in children.

A case of eosinophilic cystitis in a child is presented and the pediatric literature reviewed. The etiology of this condition is still unknown. Mean age of children with eosinophilic cystitis is 5.9 years. Black children appear to be more affected than white children, with a male preponderance. Hematuria and dysuria are the most common symptoms. The diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis is made by cystoscopy with biopsy. The disease appears self-limited with its course unaltered by antibiotics. Recurrence of eosinophilic cystitis is possible.     

Two cases of lupus cystitis complicated by lupus nephritis treated successfully with steroid therapy

In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), interstitial cystitis(lupus cystitis) is an uncommon, but important manifestation. We report two Japanese patients with lupus cystitis. Case 1 was a 49-year-old woman diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis and membranous nephropathy. She was treated with prednisolone(5 mg daily). Case 2 was a 41-year-old woman also diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis previously and treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Both cases presented abdominal pain, vomiting, dysuria and frequency of micturition. We diagnosed these cases as SLE on the basis of arthritis, renal disorder(proteinuria and hematuria), and positive antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies. In addition, bilateral hydronephrosis was found in both cases. Thus, they were also diagnosed as probable lupus cystitis. The patients were treated with one cycle of methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Thereafter they were treated with 60 mg/day of prednisolone and their symptoms resolved promptly. Furthermore, no abnormal finding was found by abdominal ultrasonography and/or the intravenous pyelogram after therapy. Renal biopsies were performed and both cases showed lupus glomerulopathy (case 1: WHO class Vb, case II: WHO class IVb). Abdominal pain and/or dysuria, which is common in SLE patients, requires further examinations to evaluate the lupus cystitis.     

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis

A 30-year-old white woman with urinary frequency, left costovertebral angle pain and hematuria had left hydronephrosis, a marked decrease in bladder capacity and severe eosinophilic cystitis on biopsy. She was treated with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antihistamine, with a dramatic, complete and rapid recovery. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was believed to have been responsible for the favorable outcome, since antihistamines have not produced reliable benefits in this disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended in cases of eosinophilic cystitis.