Dose-response relationships regarding vitamin B-6 in elderly people: a nationwide nutritional survey (Dutch Nutritional Surveillance System)

The dietary intake and biochemical status of vitamin B-6 in 476 apparently healthy Dutch elderly people (aged 65-79 y), who were not using drugs known to affect vitamin B-6 metabolism, were evaluated. Intake of vitamin B-6 per gram protein was related to biochemical data, namely plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and cofactor stimulation of aspartate aminotransferase in erythrocytes (AST-AC). Based on a cutoff point of 2.02 for AST-AC, approximately 9% of the elderly people not using vitamin B-6 supplements had a marginal vitamin B-6 status. About 7% were using vitamin B-6 supplements. Dietary intake of vitamin B-6 per gram protein was negatively related to AST-AC. Vitamin B-6 intakes per gram protein higher than 0.020 mg were necessary to ensure an AST-AC value less than 2.02. At high PLP values AST-AC hardly varied. The results seem to indicate a higher requirement of vitamin B-6 in elderly people than in younger adults.     

基于机器学习的宁夏地区老年人生物学年龄研究

目的 生物学年龄(Biological age, BA)可以更有效的判断个体真正的衰老状态，精准预测BA有助于为老年个体早期制定有针对性的预防措施，目前关于老年人分亚群对生物学年龄与生化指标相关性研究较少。利用机器学习算法计算宁夏地区老年人的生物学年龄，并识别相关生物化学指标分亚群进行分析。方法 纳入2020年宁夏地区老年人健康体检者共4 060名作为研究对象，采集空腹静脉血、尿液检测生物化学指标，利用随机森林(Random Forest, RF)算法筛选与BA相关的生物学指标，计算生物学年龄，并对RF算法的预测精度进行评估。结果 在老年人的不同亚群(低龄、中龄、高龄)中，各年龄段生物学指标在生物学年龄的重要性各有不。研究采用平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)、相关系数(Coefficient of association,R²)进行模型的效能评估。结论 利用随机森林计算老年人生物学年龄并分析相关指标，可以更加精准定位老年人中高危人群及对健康老龄化有一定的指导。     

Determination of Dietary Status as a Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Heart Disease in Turkish Elderly People

This study was performed to determine the status of diet as a risk factor of cardiovascular heart disease in a group of Turkish elderly people. We performed a cross-sectional study using the data of voluntary participants aged between 65–74 years old. Participants completed 3-day diet records. Of participants, 64.1% of the men and 62.2% of the women reported their daily dietary fat intake as being > 30% of total energy (p > .05). More than 20% of these elderly respondents’ daily intakes of vitamin E, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, and folate were found to be under the recommended values. As a result, the total fat intake of these elderly people was found to be high; while their intake of fiber and vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂ were found to be low, compared to American Heart Association recommendations. In conclusion, it is recommended that developing sufficient and balanced diets may decrease cardiovascular risk factors.     

Nutritional status, grip strength, and immune function in institutionalized elderly

The effects of vitamin supplementation on grip strength and immune function was studied in a group of institutionalized elderly with a relatively higher prevalence of low and below acceptable biochemical parameters of vitamin C, pyridoxine, folic acid, riboflavin, iron and zinc nutriture. The vitamin supplementation has resulted in a statistically significant increase in the level of biochemical parameters related to added vitamins, and the number of subjects with inadequate vitamin values was reduced to zero. The improved vitamin status had a positive and statistically significant effect on the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity one of the parameters of cellular immunity. The calculation of multiple correlation after inclusion of all biochemical parameters into the stepwise regression analysis has shown that the coefficient of multiple regression between examined biochemical parameters of nutrition status and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was R = .599 (p less than 0.001) which indicates that about 36% of the variability in the cellular immunity would be affected by the vitamin and mineral nutrition status.     

Leptin a new biological marker for evaluating malnutrition in elderly patients

BACKGROUND: There is no single universally accepted biochemical marker of nutritional status in the elderly. Many markers are affected by non-nutritional factors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the biological parameters best related to anthropometric markers of malnutrition in an elderly polypathological population, and determine cutoff values for these potential parameters to diagnose malnutrition. DESIGN: This prospective study enrolled 116 elderly hospitalized patients and 76 elderly outpatients. Nutritional status (albumin, transthyretin, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness) and biological parameters (leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid) were assessed. We defined malnutrition according to the lowest quartile of BMI and skinfold thickness measured in a large healthy elderly French sample population. RESULTS: In this sample of elderly patients (age: 85+/-7 years old), leptin concentration was the only biological parameter significantly related to nutrition status. Independent correlations were found between leptin concentration and BMI, skinfold thickness and sex. The relationship between nutritional status and leptin concentration is significantly different in each sex: the more the patients are undernourished, the lower the leptin concentration in both sexes. The optimal leptin cutoff value for the diagnosis of malnutrition in this population was 4 microg/l in men (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.82) and 6.48 microg/l in women (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.83). CONCLUSION: Leptin concentration is highly correlated with anthropometric data whereas albumin or transthyretin are known to be also influenced by morbidity and inflammatory conditions. Serum leptin concentration could be used for nutritional assessment in elderly patients with acute diseases.     

Vitamin B6 intakes and status assessment of elderly men and women in Taiwan.

Studies have indicated that vitamin B6 status decreases with age. However, little is known about vitamin B6 status of elderly people in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin B6 status of elderly Taiwanese and to examine the effect of protein on various indices of vitamin B6 status in the elderly. Thirty-nine men (mean age = 69.9 +/- 4.2 years) and 55 women (mean age = 69.5 +/- 3.9 years) completed a 24-h diet recall. The mean total vitamin B6 intake (men: 1.7 +/- 0.9 g/day; women: 1.6 +/- 1.2 g/day) was higher than the 1998 US Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and the current Taiwan Recommended Daily Nutrient Allowance (RDNA). Dietary energy and protein intakes were not related to any vitamin B6 status parameters in any sex groups and the pooled group. Vitamin B6 intake correlated only with erythrocyte aspartate transaminase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) in the pooled (r = -0.214, p < 0.05) group. There were no significant differences in plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), erythrocyte alanine transaminase activity coefficient (EALT-AC), and EAST-AC between sex groups. Although elderly subjects had adequate mean plasma PLP concentrations, 59% of men and 55% of women had plasma PLP concentrations lower than a cutoff of 20 nmol/L. The mean EALT-AC was < 1.25 in two groups with adequate vitamin B6 status. However, 23% of men and 18% of women had EALT-AC values > 1.25. The mean EAST-AC value of subjects was higher than the suggested value (< 1.8) for inadequate vitamin B6 status. The incidence of biochemical vitamin B6 deficiency in our elderly is probably more relevant from other causes than from dietary intake of protein and vitamin B6.     

Nutritional assessment of the iron status in a group of institutionalized elderly people in Madrid (Spain)

The iron status of a group of 73 institutionalized elderly people, 20 men and 53 women, aged 68–95 years, was evaluated by means of dietary, haematological and biochemical parameters.
Nutritional analysis revealed an average iron intake of 8.6 mg/day, which was below the recommended amount in 78% of the cases. However, the intakes of haem iron and of several promoters of iron absorption (as vitamin C and meat) were quite satisfactory.
Haematological and biochemical data revealed that 7.3% of the elderly had abnormal values for mean corpuscular volume and for transferrin saturation and were considered to have an impaired iron status; 4.9% had deficient haemoglobin values and an impaired iron status and suffered from anaemia. Based on dietary, haematological and biochemical data, women and those aged a 80 years presented a worse iron status than males and those aged ≥ 80 years.
The present findings show the importance of describing the nutritional status of the elderly population. Utilized in this way nutritional intervention can be used as an important clinical tool not only to prevent the occurrence of morbidity and mortality, but also, to enhance the quality of life of the elderly.     

Nutrient intakes of the old elderly: A study of female residents of a long-term care facility

A study was conducted to determine the nutrient content of foods served to and consumed by a group of 30 women over 80 years of age, residing in a long-term care facility. Food items were weighed prior to and following food service for a five-day period, and results were calculated using a computer program containing values for specific foods served in the facility. The average daily energy content of the foods served was 1738±285 kcal, and this supplied levels of nutrients that were adequate with respect to the Canadian standard for all nutrients except calcium. Subjects consumed an average of 75% of the food served, for a mean energy intake of 1311±252 kcal. The mean intakes of vitamin C, iron, niacin and riboflavin were adequate in comparison to the standards, whereas average intakes of protein, calcium, vitamin A, thiamin and zinc were lower than the standards. At least 33% of subjects consumed diets which did not supply 2/3 of recommended levels of calcium, vitamin A, thiamin and zinc. Significant negative correlations between age and the intake of several nutrients were detected, providing an explanation for the lower intakes of this group of old elderly relative to other published studies of younger elderly. The potentially greater vulnerability of the old elderly to dietary inadequacies needs to be confirmed. Nevertheless, the possibility of such inadequacy should be borne in mind when evaluating their health status, as undernutrition need not be an invevitable accompaniment of age.     

Assessment of the contribution of supplements to vitamin and mineral intake by the elderly

The aim of this paper was to assess the supplement contribution to vitamin and mineral intake in a group of 206 noninstitutionalized elderly, aged 75-80 years, living in Warsaw district. Nutritional supplements were used by 42% of respondents, more often by women, persons with higher level of education, persons reported chronic diseases and users of medicines. Vitamin C (taken by 70% of users), followed by vitamin PP (62% of users), B2 (61%), B1 and B6 (59%) and vitamin E (54%) were the supplements taken most often. Less respondents took supplements of minerals (magnesium 50% of users, iron--44% of users and zinc--36%). Taking supplements effectively balanced elderly diets in regard to almost all the nutrients, except calcium. Vitamin A, PP and iron were taken by the elderly in doses higher Tolerable Upper Intake (UL) what can display risk of adverse effect on health.     

Amino acid fortification of protein foods.

To evaluate the vitamin status and the effects of micronutrient supplementation as determined by biochemical assays and functional, cognitive and emotional tests in a selected well-established group of elderly people, average age above 80 years.

Dietary consumption was evaluated by in-person interview using a food frequency questionnaire. Medical, biochemical, nutritional, functional, cognitive and behavioral parameters were assessed in elderly subjects (n = 12) living in a home for the aged, at baseline and after 42 days of micronutrient supplementation. The same parameters were assessed in additional subjects (n = 9), at baseline only.

In all subjects, most of the micronutrients were not supplied at an adequate level. Supplementation of micronutrients at a level of 100% RDA improved parameters related to vitamin status, the activation coefficients (AC) of GR (glutathione reductase) and AST, blood ascorbic acid concentrations, functional-cognitive evaluation values, blood pressure, pulse rate, and serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels. At baseline, the following parameters significantly correlated with vitamin intake and were used for the estimation of vitamin needs: AC of GR, Tinetti Balance Evaluation, FIM and recorded morbidity.

On the basis of limited available data, calculation of vitamin needs based on regression lines resulted in estimates (mg/day) of: > 150 for ascorbic acid, > 3 for riboflavin, > 3 for vitamin B6. Expanding the current practice of supplementing micronutrients at a level of 100% RDA (in tablet form) that already exists in some elderly societies should be considered after a comprehensive study in a large group of elderly people.     

Extensive laboratory assessment of nutritional status in fit,health-conscious,elderly people living in the Paris area. Research Group on Aging.

Nutritional status-related biological indexes were measured in fit, health-conscious elderly subjects in order to establish reference values for people over 70 years.

103 men and 90 women aged 70-89 years living freely in the Paris area volunteered to participate.

Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric and biochemical methods.

Serum protein and amino acid status was similar to that of young adults, with only 5.2% of the elderly subjects showing transthyretin concentrations < 0.20 g/L, as well as decreased essential amino acid levels. Iron status, assessed in terms of serum and erythrocyte ferritin levels, total iron binding capacity and erythrocyte protoporphyrin tended to be satisfactory, but iron depletion was detected in 8.8% of the subjects. Serum ferritin levels were elevated in 19.7% of the subjects. Folate and vitamin B12 status was satisfactory, while hypovitaminosis D was observed in 48.2% of cases.

Our findings suggest that, in aging uncomplicated by disease, nutritional status is similar to that in younger adults, although the range of values tended to be wider, with a higher risk of certain nutrient deficiencies.     

我国长寿地区80岁以上老年人贫血患病情况及影响因素

目的 了解我国长寿地区80岁以上老年人的贫血患病情况,分析可能的影响因素及其对健康的影响.方法 利用中国老人健康长寿影响因素研究数据,选取7个中国长寿之乡的所有百岁老人,以及在该地区按百岁老人编码尾数随机选取的40～、60～、80～和90～岁人群为研究对象,共1980名.通过问卷调查方式收集调查对象的基本资料、生活习惯、患病情况等信息,检测其血红蛋白及血浆宏量和微量元素水平.采用非条件logistic回归分析贫血影响因素.结果 我国7个长寿地区40～、60～、80～、90～和100～岁组老年人贫血患病率分别为16.1%(75/465)、19.1%(82/429)、41.1%(141/343)、46.2%(171/370)和57.1%(213/373).随着年龄的增长,贫血患病率持续上升(趋势检验z=14.7,P<0.05),100岁以上男性的贫血患病率最高,为66.7%(38/57).5个长寿地区中90岁及以上贫血组老年人血浆钙、铁、锌、铜中位数分别为:2.96 mmol/L、58.22 μmol/L、28.84 μmol/L、19.56 μmol/L,正常组老年人的血浆钙、铁、锌、铜水平分别为3.30 mmol/L、78.26 μmol/L、33.66 μmoL/L、20.62 μmol/L,贫血组低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(z值分别为-2.95、-3.07、-2.23和-2.16,P值均<0.05).多因素分析显示,影响贫血患病率的主要因素依次为年龄(OR=1.675,95% CI:1.554～1.807)、豆及豆制品摄入频率(OR=0.545,95%CI:0.435～0.682)、腰围(OR=0.567,95% CI:0.456～0.705)和肉类摄入频率(OR=1.608,95%CI:1.303～1.983).结论 我国长寿地区高年龄组老年人的贫血患病情况严重.多摄入豆类食物,保证良好的营养状况对于预防贫血有利.     

老年骨质疏松患者服用钙加维生素D后骨密度及生化指标的改变

目的了解补充钙和维生素D对骨丢失和骨转换的影响。方法对31例门诊原发性骨质疏松症和骨量减少患每日服用1片碳酸钙和维生素D复合剂(每片含元素钙600mg和维生素D125IU),连服6个月。治疗前后检测腰椎骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)及骨转换生化指标。结果碳酸钙和维生素D复合剂每日1片能明显改善骨质疏松引起的腰背疼和腿痛性痉挛,有明显疗效。可以维持腰椎骨密度,明显增加男性腰椎骨矿含量( 2．7％),与治疗前比较,明显提高血清250HD( 13．8％)和BGP(％29．5％),减少尿HOP／Cr比值(-17．5％)。结论老年人每天1片碳酸钙和维生素D复合剂对防止骨丢失,改善维生素D的营养状态,促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收有一定作用。     

Evaluation of pyridoxine intake and pyridoxine status among aged institutionalised people

The vitamin B6 status of 60 institutionalised elderly subjects (group A: 31 men, mean age = 77 yr and 29 women, mean age = 84 yr) and 41 healthy young adults (group B or control group: 18 men, mean age = 30 yr and 23 women, mean age = 27 yr) was evaluated using erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (alpha EGOT) and plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) level (vitamin B6-deficient subjects = alpha greater than 2.0 and PLP less than 80 nmol/l). The kilocalorie, protein and pyridoxine intakes were also estimated. Regarding calories and protein, the diets may be generally considered satisfactory in respect to the French 1981 RDA. The mean dietary intake of vitamin B6 was less than 2 mg/day in all groups. Ninety per cent of the aged, 80 per cent of females in group B in contrast to 56 per cent of males in group B consumed less than their individual vitamin B6 requirements as determined by a probability method. As the incidence of vitamin B6 biochemical deficiency was much higher in the group A (71% for males and 86% for females) than in the control group (11% for males and 30% for females), it is concluded that the high incidence of biochemical vitamin B6 deficiency noted in the aged appeared more relevant from an altered metabolism of the vitamin than from a too low energy intake. Supplements with high doses of vitamin B6 to aged subjects caused a significant decrease in alpha EGOT and a significant increase in PLP levels.     

Contribution of food products and drinking water to the intake of minerals by elderly

The aim of this paper was to assess the contribution of food product groups and drinking water to mineral and trace elements supply. On the basis of 3-day record data it was found that the intake of calcium and copper by 75-80 years old elderly living in Warsaw area (Poland) was insufficient. The same for iron among women and zinc among men was observed. The RDA for energy was covered in 90% by men's diets and in 78% by women's diets. Dairy products were the main source of calcium (48%), cereals were the main source of magnesium (29%), while iron came mainly from cereals (31%) and meat products (21%). Two latter groups of products also significantly contributed in zinc intake by the elderly (29% and 25% respectively). Cereals (33%) and potatoes (16%) were the main sources of copper. Drinking water had significant share only in calcium (14%) and zinc (9%) intake. Cereals, vegetables, dairy and meat products gave relatively more minerals to men's diets, while potatoes, fruits, eggs and other products (fats, sugar, sweets etc.)--to women's diets.     

A Dietary Study of Elderly Nursing Home Residents in Fargo,North Dakota

Purpose was to determine whether the food served and consumed over a seven day period by 21 elderly women residents of a local nursing home met the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Comparison was also made of the nutritive values of the food served and consumed by 11 subjects on regular and 10 subjects on low salt diets. Subjects ranged in age from 74-97 years (mean age of 90). Nutrients calculated included calories, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid. Results showed that the mean nutritive values of food served to and consumed by the 21 residents as a group exceeded the RDA, except calcium which for consumed food was 90 and 79 percent of the RDA on the regular and low salt diets, respectively. Individually, based on the weekly means of the nutritive values, all subjects consumed 70 percent or more of the RDA for calories, protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid; and 60 percent or more of the RDA for thiamin and niacin, except one subject who consumed only 52% of the RDA for niacin. Only one-third of the subjects consumed more calcium than the RDA. No statistically significant differences were found between the means of the nutritive values of the regular diet as compared with the low salt diet as the P < 0.05 level. Daily mood ratings of the subjects indicated a direct effect on appetite and caloric intake in the majority of subjects.     

Age-related changes in plasma lycopene concentrations, but not in vitamin E, are associated with fat mass

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of age on plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol, retinol and carotenoids with a special attention paid to natural differences in body composition. Forty healthy subjects were recruited: twenty were less than 35 years old and twenty above 60 years old. Males and females were equally represented in each age group. Subjects were kept in energy balance and received controlled diets for 36 h. Fat mass and fat-free mass were determined with the (18)0-enriched water dilution technique. Plasma vitamins A and E, and carotenoid levels were determined after 12 h fasting and were shown to be similar in women and men. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration increased with age (+44 % elderly v. young), and correlated with % fat mass and plasma cholesterol. After adjustment for plasma cholesterol, the effect of age and % fat mass disappeared. In contrast, plasma lycopene level was 2-fold lower in the elderly than in the young group, and was inversely correlated with fat mass. When lycopene values were adjusted for fat mass, the effect of age disappeared. These results suggest that plasma levels of vitamin E and lycopene differed in the two age groups and that differences in plasma cholesterol and fat mass might participate in such an effect. Short-term vitamin intake did not appear to influence plasma vitamin concentrations.     

The association of time in the US and diet during pregnancy in low-income women of Mexican descent

This study compared nutritional intake during pregnancy among women of Mexican descent according to country of birth (US vs. Mexico) and, for Mexico-born women, according to number of years lived in the US (or= 11 years). A 72-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake in 474 pregnant Mexico-born immigrants and US-born Mexican-Americans. Mexico-born women had significantly higher intakes of calories (P = 0.02), fibre (P < 0.001), vitamin A (P < 0.001), vitamin C (P = 0.03), vitamin E (P < 0.01), folate (P < 0.01), calcium (P < 0.001) and zinc (P = 0.02) from their diets than US-born women. Intakes of all nutrients except vitamin C and zinc remained significantly higher in Mexico-born women when nutrients from both diet and vitamin supplements were considered. Among Mexico-born women, increasing years of residence in the US was associated with lower intake of calories (P(trend) < 0.01), fibre (P(trend) < 0.01), folate (P(trend) = 0.03), iron (P(trend) = 0.05) and zinc (P(trend) = 0.03), although only the trend for iron remained significant when vitamin supplement sources were included. A large percentage of women had inadequate intake of vitamin E (58%), folate (61%), iron (77%) and zinc (47%) from their diets during pregnancy and these rates were higher in US-born women than Mexico-born women.     

老年病人鼻饲营养调查

对11名69～83岁不能自然进食的男性鼻饲病人进行了全面的营养调查,平均每人每日热能摄取为1722kcal,而热能消耗在1300～1700kcal之间。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物每人每日平均摄入82.4、72.5、185.0g,分别占总产热量19.1、37.9、和43.0％。动物蛋白质和动物脂肪分别占总蛋白和总脂肪的71.9和69.3％,蛋白质量较优。脂肪总量虽不太高,但占总产热量偏大,碳水化物嫌少,而(?)(?)(?)投入939mg,摄入过多。钙、磷、铁摄入充裕,可满足需要。维生素A、核黄素也可满足需要,但硫胺素、尼克酸和抗坏血酸摄入量不足。这些都还需要改进。     

2015年中国农村老年人维生素A营养状况及影响因素

目的 了解中国农村老年人维生素A水平及影响因素.方法 采用随机抽样方法选取2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测生物样本库的农村老年人血清样本,共纳入3134名60岁以上农村老年人作为研究对象.采用问卷调查收集研究对象基本信息,利用高效液相色谱法分析仪测定调查对象血清中维生素A含量,依据WHO推荐的标准判定人群维生素A营养...