肘部尺神经血供及带血供尺神经前置术的解剖学研究

目的观察肘部尺神经的血液供应,设计带血供尺神经前置的手术方法。方法28侧防腐成人上肢标本,观察测量肘部尺神经血供来源和血管外径及血管长度的相关数据。4侧防腐成人上肢标本模拟临床,设计带伴行血管尺神经前置术。结果肘部尺神经血供有3个来源:尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支。3条动脉从起始处至肱骨内上踝的距离分别是(15.2±0.9)cm,(4.8±0.6)cm和(4.7±1.1)cm。伴随尺神经行走的距离分别是(16±1.3)cm,(5.1±0.3)cm和(5.6±0.9)cm。结论带血供尺神经前置术治疗肘管综合征是完全可行的。     

带伴行血管尺神经前置术的解剖学研究

目的观察肘部尺神经的血液供应,设计带伴行血管尺神经前置的手术方法。方法取20侧防腐成人上肢标本,观测肘部尺神经血供来源和血管起始处外径、血管起始处至肱骨内上髁距离、血管起始处至尺神经垂直距离及尺神经伴行长度。另采用3侧防腐成人上肢标本模拟临床手术,设计带伴行血管尺神经前置术。结果肘部尺神经血供有3个来源,分别是尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支。3条动脉从起始处至肱骨内上髁的距离分别是14.2±0.9、4.2±0.6和4.8±1.1cm;尺神经伴行长度分别是15.0±1.3、5.1±0.3和5.6±0.9cm;血管起始处外径分别是1.5±0.5、1.2±0.3和1.4±0.5mm;血管起始处至尺神经垂直距离分别是1.2±0.5、2.7±0.9和1.3±0.5cm。结论带伴行血管尺神经前置术治疗肘管综合征是可行的,且最大程度保留了肘部尺神经血供。     

带血供尺神经深筋膜瓣下前置术解剖学研究

目的为带血供尺神经深筋膜瓣下前置术提供解剖学依据。方法在12侧福尔马林固定的成人尸体上肢标本、8侧新鲜尸体上肢标本上观测尺神经在肘部的血供。结果肘部尺神经血供来源有3个:尺侧上副动脉(SUCA)、尺侧下副动脉(IUCA)和尺侧返动脉后支(PURA),与尺神经伴行长度分别约为15.0cm、5.0cm和5.5cm。尺神经于肘部发出关节支和肌支分别为1～3支。结论行尺神经深筋膜瓣下前置术时至少应保留SUCA或IUCA,深筋膜瓣的制作应依据任意皮瓣原则。     

带血管蒂尺神经肌筋膜下前置术治疗中度肘管综合征

[目的]评价带血管蒂尺神经肌筋膜下前置术治疗中度肘管综合征的疗效。[方法]通过对6例防腐成人上肢标本观察测量肘部尺神经血供来源和血管外径及血管长度的相关数据,对30例中度肘管综合征患者,分为两组,分别采用带血管蒂尺神经肌筋膜下前置术和单纯肌筋膜下前置术,参照中华医学会手外科学会制定的尺神经修复后功能评定试用标准,Lascar分级法和术前术后尺神经神经电生理变化,对疗效进行评价比较。[结果]尺神经的营养伴行血管有3条。伴神经走行的长度分别为尺侧上副动脉(144.0±3.3)mm、尺侧下副动脉(47.6±7.2)mm、尺侧返动脉后支(66.2±8.3)mm。带血管尺神经筋膜下前置术优良率为93.3%,单纯肌筋膜下前置术优良率为80%,两组比较差异有统计学意义。神经电生理检查:带血管尺神经肌筋膜下前置术优于单纯肌筋膜下前置术,两组比较差异有统计学意义。[结论]带血管蒂尺神经肌筋膜下前置术疗效可靠,方法简便,是治疗中度肘管综合征的有效方法。     

带血管的肘部尺神经前移治疗肘管综合征的探讨

[目的]探讨带神经周围血管的肘部尺神经前移治疗肘管综合征的临床意义、手术方法和临床效果.[方法]对26例(28侧)中重度肘管综合征患者,实施了肘部尺神经皮下前移,其中带神经周围血管13侧(A组),不带神经周围血管15侧(B组).观察随访28侧,术后3个月和12个月时小指指腹两点辨别觉和第一背侧骨间肌以及小指展肌的肌力并与其术前进行比较.[结果]术后3个月时A、B两组小指指腹两点辨别觉差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),第一背侧骨间肌和小指展肌的肌力差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A组好于B组.术后12个月时A、B两组小指指腹两点辨别觉和第一背侧骨间肌以及小指展肌的肌力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]尺神经前移时连同尺神经周围伴行血管(尺侧上副、尺侧下副及尺侧返血管)一起游离并前移是可行的,尽可能多地保留神经周围血管对早期恢复尺神经血供、促进尺神经松解前移后的早期肌力恢复有明显意义.     

尺神经肌下前置术后解剖学变化及动态分析

目的从解剖学的角度为治疗肘管综合征选择肌下前置术式提供理论依据. 方法分析32例肘管综合征临床资料,男22例,女10例.年龄17～73岁.观察尺侧上副血管的分支分布及其与尺神经的关系,尺神经病变的部位、范围、粗细等;用扩张器测量新肘管容积.将20侧福尔马林固定的成人尸体上肢标本,分别制成尺神经皮下前置及肌下前置模型,动态观测设定范围内尺神经移位前后肘关节不同伸屈状态下的长度变化,进行对比分析. 结果尺侧上副动脉可与尺神经一同前置,新肘管重建后可充分容纳尺神经.皮下前置伸肘位时,尺神经较移位前被拉长7.55%±0.52%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肌下前置伸肘位时,尺神经长度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论肘部尺神经肌下前置术较好地解决了尺神经肘部受压迫及屈肘受牵拉的问题,尺神经前置后其血供及组织床良好,新肘管宽松,对尺神经无卡压,术式符合生物力学及神经生理学要求,是治疗肘管综合征可选择的术式.     

以尺侧上副动脉为蒂尺神经移植的临床研究

目的术中观测尺侧上副动脉对尺神经肘下段的血供及检测尺神经游离后末端的功能.方法对8例全臂丛根性撕脱伤患者,作以尺侧上副动脉为蒂的尺神经移植,在切断尺神经前后检测尺神经干(12cm长)感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)的波幅及传导速度.观察其远端的出血情况,并用脉搏血氧饱和度仪测定其末端的血氧饱和度.结果8例尺神经远端(腕部段)有持续渗血.游离后20min,尺神经的感觉传导速度、SNAP波幅较游离前分别下降了0.63%～19.02%和2.28%～37.47%.下降程度与尺神经肘下段的游离长度与肘部横径之比(长宽比)成正的直线相关,直线回归方程分别为Y=0.9283X-41.5066、Y=2.1433X-98.4498,r值分别为0.8138、0.8977,t值分别为3.4305、4.9906,P<0.01.游离后20min,尺神经肘上段血氧饱和度为97%～100%,而其末端血氧饱和度为72%～89%,与长宽比成负的直线相关,回归方程为Y=124.1266-0.8168X,r值为-0.8617,t值为4.1599,P<0.01.结论尺侧上副动脉能为于腕部切断的尺神经全长提供血供,越靠近肘部尺神经血供越佳.     

肘管综合征的手术治疗

目的：探讨尺神经松解前移手术治疗肘管综合征的临床效果。方法：应用该术式治疗肘管综合征36例，观察尺侧上副动脉供血情况。结果：经随访。本组病例尺神经功能均有较大改善。结论：尺神经松解前移术为治疗肘管综合征的较佳术式。     

肘管综合征的应用解剖学研究

目的 研究肘管综合征中尺神经的卡压因素,为临床手术提供解剖学依据.方法 采用解剖学方法对16具(32侧)成人尸体上肢标本进行解剖,观测造成尺神经卡压的Struthers弓形组织、内侧肌间隔和肘管,测量肘管内尺神经的面积、肘管的面积和肘管的长度,测量弓状韧带的长、宽和厚度.观测尺神经的营养血管及伴行长度,观测尺神经的尺侧腕屈肌肌支.结果 32侧上肢标本中12侧存在腱性Struthers弓形组织,10侧有肌性Struthers弓形组织,存在率为68.8%.尺神经在内上髁上方[(11.02±1.16)cm,小x±s.下同]处穿内侧肌间隔,尺神经肘管内面积与肘管面积之比为1:3.86,肘管长度为(1.96±0.18)cm.尺神经伴行血管有尺侧上副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支,尺神经在内上髁下方1cm左右发出尺侧腕屈肌肌支.结论 尺神经在肘管处最容易受压,手术治疗肘管综合征时向上的切口长度约为11.02cm,同时切除Struthers弓形组织和内侧肌间隔;尺神经前置手术时,注意保留与神经伴行的尺侧返动脉后支.     

肘管综合征的手术治疗

目的：探讨尺神经松解前移手术治疗肘管综合征的临床效果。方法：工治疗肝管综合征26例，观察尺侧上副供血情况。结果：经随访，本组病例尺神经功能有较大改善。结论：尺神经松解前移术为治疗肘管综合征的较佳术式。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.