HSD与多巴胺伍用对初进高原大鼠失血性休克合并肺水肿的治疗作用

目的　探讨高渗氯化钠右旋醣酐 (7.5 %NaCl 6 ?xtran4 0 ,HSD)与多巴胺 (DA)合用对初进高原大鼠失血性休克合并肺水肿的的治疗效果。方法　初进高原SD大鼠 4 2只 ,复制失血性休克合并肺水肿模型。实验分为非处理组、失血性休克合并肺水肿对照组、乳酸林格氏液对照组 (4ml kg ,LR)、HSD单用组(4ml kg)、多巴胺单用组 (2mg kg ,DA)和HSD与DA合用组 ,每组 7只动物。观察给药后 15、30、6 0和 12 0分钟时相点大鼠血流动力学指标变化、30分钟和 12 0分钟大鼠血气指标变化以及 12 0分钟大鼠肺脑含水量变化。结果　HSD或DA单用可显著升高休克合并肺水肿大鼠血压 (MAP)、左心室内压 (LVSP)和左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp dtmax)等血流动力学指标 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,改善部分血气指标如pH值、[HCO3- ]、血氧饱和度 (O2 sat)和降低肺、脑含水量。二者合用效果优于两者单用。结论　HSD与DA伍用有较好的改善高原失血性休克合并肺水肿的血流动力学指标 ,改善血气指标和减轻肺水肿的作用 ,可作为治疗高原休克合并肺水肿的早期救治措施之一。     

高渗醋酸钠右旋醣酐与多巴胺伍用对初进高原失血性休克合并肺水肿大鼠的治疗作用

目的　探讨高渗醋酸钠右旋醣酐 (HAD)与多巴胺 (DA)伍用对初进高原大鼠失血性休克伴肺水肿的治疗效果。　方法　初进高原 (西藏拉萨 )SD大鼠 4 2只 ,戊巴比妥钠 (30mg kg)腹腔注射麻醉 ,维持血压在 5 0mmHg ,同时加油酸 (5 μl 10 0g)静脉注射维持 1h复制失血性休克合并肺水肿模型。实验分为正常对照组 (不放血、不给油酸 )、休克合并肺水肿对照组、乳酸林格液(4ml kg ,LR)对照组、HAD(4ml kg)单用组、DA(2mg kg)单用组和HAD +DA组 ,每组 7只大鼠。观察给药后 15 ,30 ,6 0和 12 0min时血流动力学指标的变化 ,给药后 30和 12 0min时血气指标的变化和 12 0min时肺、脑含水量的变化。　结果　与LR对照组比较 ,HAD和DA单用可显著升高休克合并肺水肿大鼠平均动脉压 (MAP)、左心室收缩压 (LVSP)和左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp dtmax)等指标 (P <0 .0 5和 0 .0 1) ,改善部分血气指标如血氧饱和度和降低肺、脑含水量。二者伍用时其升高MAP、LVSP和±dp dtmax的作用和降低肺、脑含水量的作用效果显著优于两者单用 (P <0 .0 5和0 .0 1)。　结论　HAD与DA伍用可较好地改善高原失血性休克合并肺水肿大鼠血流动力学指标和血气指标 ,并减轻肺水肿 ,二者伍用优于单用效果 ;二者联合用药可用于高原休克的早期救治。     

HAD抗大鼠高原创伤失血性休克的作用

目的：探讨7.5%高渗醋酸钠/6%右旋糖酐-40(HAD)对高原创伤失血性休克的急救作用及其量效关系。方法：初进高原大鼠26只，分为生理盐水对照组（7只），HAD4ml/kg治疗组（6只），HAD6ml/kg治疗组（6只）和HAD8ml/kg治疗组（7只），动物戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉，右侧股骨粉碎性骨折加放血（血压6.0kPa维持1h）复制创伤失血性休克模型，观察一次性静脉输注上述几个剂量HAD对创伤失血性休克大鼠血液动力学指标和动物存活时间的影响，以生理盐水作对照。结果：一次性静脉输注4ml/kg，6ml/kg，8ml/kgHAD均能显著提升休克大鼠血压，改善血液动力学指标，同时明显延长动物的存活时间，其中以6ml/kg，8ml/kgHAD效果较好，两者间无显著差异。结论：HAD4ml/kg-8ml/kg对高原创伤失血性休克大鼠有较好的急救作用，剂量以6ml/kg较为合适。     

芦荟多糖对高原重度创伤失血性休克大鼠的治疗效果

目的：探讨芦荟多糖（AP）对高原重度创伤失血性休克大鼠的治疗效果。方法：初进高原30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组：乳酸林格氏液组（LR,10只）;芦荟多糖组（AP50,AP100各10只）。实验中持续监测平均动脉血压（MAP）,并在放血前（T0）、休克1 h（T3）、复苏1 h末（T5）、2 h末（T7）测动脉血气,记录大鼠生存时间和4 h生存率。结果：AP可显著提升重度创伤失血性休克大鼠MAP,改善动脉血气指标,明显延长动物存活时间。结论：AP有较好的治疗高原重度创伤失血性休克的作用,且AP 100μg/ml是相对较好的剂量。     

75g/LNaCl/65gL右旋糖酐抗高原创伤失血性休克大鼠的作用

目的　探讨质量浓度为 75g LNaCl 质量浓度为 6g L右旋糖酐 (HSD)对高原 (西藏拉萨高原现场 )创伤失血性休克的急救作用及其量效关系。方法　初进高原大鼠 4 4只 ,分为等渗盐水对照组 (11只 ) ,HSD 4ml kg、6ml kg、8ml kg治疗组 (各 11只 ) ,动物用戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉 ,右侧股骨粉碎性骨折加放血 (45mmHg维持 70分钟 )复制创伤失血性休克模型 ,观察静脉一次输注上述几个剂量HSD对创伤失血性休克大鼠血流动力学指标和动物存活时间的影响 ,以等渗盐水作对照。结果　一次性静脉输注HSD 4 ,6,8ml kg均能显著升高休克大鼠左室内压 (LVSP)、改善包括平均动脉压 (MAP)、左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp dtmax)、心肌最大收缩速度 (Vpm)、心肌收缩向量环面积 (Lo)在内的血流动力学指标 ,维持时间超过 2小时 ,延长休克动物的存活时间 ,治疗组 6ml kg和 8ml kg较 4ml kg效果更好。结论　HSD 4～ 8ml kg对高原创伤失血性休克大鼠有较好的早期急救作用 ,剂量以 6～ 8ml kg较为合适。     

腹腔海水浸泡对失血性休克犬动脉血气的影响

目的　了解腹腔海水浸泡对失血性休克机体动脉血气的影响。方法　对实验动物行腹腔开放伤后随机分为失血性休克组 (A组 ,n =7)、腹腔海水浸泡组 (B组 ,n =7)和腹腔海水浸泡合并失血性休克组(C组 ,n =7) ,观察各组动物动脉血气的变化。结果　A组与伤前比较 ,PaO2 在 6 0分钟时明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在 12 0分钟时明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,pH、PaCO2 及剩余碱 (BE)明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;B、C组致伤后 6 0分钟始pH、PaO2 及BE水平均较A组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。B组致伤后 12 0分钟、C组致伤后 6 0分钟始PaCO2均较A组显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,两组间差别显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　失血性休克合并腹腔海水浸泡可使高碳酸血症提早出现 ,并使血气的恶化程度显著增加     

不同温度海水浸泡对创伤合并失血性休克大鼠血流动力学的影响

目的　探讨不同温度海水浸泡对创伤合并失血性休克大鼠血流动力学的影响。方法　健康Wistar雄性大鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为 15℃浸泡组、2 1℃浸泡组、31℃浸泡组和对照组 (每组各 10只 )。于大鼠右侧大腿肌肉丰满处用射钉枪造成贯通伤 ,包扎伤口。左侧股动脉快速放血使血压降至 5 0mmHg ,维持低血压 1h后 ,浸泡于海水中 ,记录伤前、休克及浸泡 10min、30min、1h、3h、5h动物的呼吸 (RR)、平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)、左室最大压力变化速率(±dpdtmax)、左室收缩压(LVSP)的变化。结果　海水浸泡早期大鼠血流动力学参数略有升高 ,随后下降。15℃浸泡组大鼠血流动力学参数下降最快。 31℃浸泡 1h大鼠血流动力学参数高于 15℃和 2 1℃浸泡 1h大鼠 ,但 31℃浸泡 3h大鼠MAP、HR、±dp/dt/max和LVSP显著低于 2 1℃浸泡 3h大鼠。结论　海水浸泡可以严重影响创伤合并失血性休克大鼠血流动力学状态 ,海水温度在海水浸泡创伤合并失血性休克大鼠血流动力学变化中起着重要要作用。     

复方丹参对失血性休克大鼠早期炎症反应影响的研究

目的 通过观察复方丹参对失血性休克大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)表达水平的影响,探讨复方丹参是否能抑制休克后早期炎症反应,从而防止失血性休克后多器官功能衰竭综合征的发生.方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为对照组(A组)、失血性休克组(B组)和失血性休克丹参组(C组),采用ELISA法测定血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量;采用化学反应法测定SOD活性及MDA含量.结果 失血性休克组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α及MDA浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),SOD活性明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).而丹参治疗组与失血性休克组比较,丹参治疗组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α及MDA浓度显著降低(P均＜0.05),而SOD活性显著升高(P＜0.06).结论 复方丹参能有效抑制失血性休克后早期炎症因子的表达,增强SOD的活性,从而抑制休克后早期炎症反应.     

新型钙增敏剂MCI-154对失血性休克大鼠血管反应性的影响

目的　探讨钙增敏剂MCI 15 4对失血性休克大鼠血管反应性的影响。方法　实验分 2部分 :在体实验 ,4 2只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、休克组、MCI 15 4 (0 .1、0 .5、1.0、2 .0mg/kg)组 ,观察大鼠失血性休克后 ,MCI 15 4对去甲肾上腺素 (NE)升压反应的影响 ;离体实验 ,4 8只大鼠分为正常组、休克组、MCI 15 4(10 -7、10 -6、10 -5、10 -4mol/L)组 ,取失血性休克大鼠肠系膜上动脉 ,利用离体血管环张力测定技术观察MCI 15 4对NE诱导失血性休克大鼠肠系膜上动脉收缩反应性的影响。结果　在体实验 ,大鼠失血性休克 2小时后 ,NE的升压作用显著下降 ,给MCI 15 4后 ,NE的升压反应进一步降低 ,低于正常对照组和休克对照组。离体实验 ,与正常对照组相比 ,失血休克后血管环对NE的收缩反应性显著降低 ;不同浓度的MCI 15 4预孵 30分钟可使血管环的反应性进一步降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,且有剂量依赖性。结论　MCI 15 4C能降低失血性休克大鼠全身或局部血管的反应性。     

高原创伤失血性休克猪七氟醚摄取量变化研究

目的:探讨高原创伤失血性休克猪七氟醚摄取量变化,为高原创伤失血性休克患者临床使用七氟醚提供依据和指导.方法:选取10只雄性巴马香猪,采用随机数字量表法分为对照组和创伤合并35％失血量组(休克组)各5只.采用容量控制性失血方法建立创伤失血性休克模型,休克组创伤后10min内匀速放出35％全身血容量,对照组不创伤不放血.使...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.