护士安宁疗护自我效能影响因素及应对策略研究进展

对护士安宁疗护自我效能的影响因素、应对策略进行综述.从年龄、科室、经验、工作态度、死亡态度、教育经历、社会支持7个方面总结归纳了护士安宁疗护自我效能的影响因素,并在此基础上探讨加强教育干预和加强护士的社会支持程度的应对策略,为进一步提高护士安宁疗护自我效能提供参考依据.     

影响护士姑息护理自我效能的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响护士实施姑息护理的自我效能的相关因素。方法应用自填式结构问卷收集资料,利用立意抽样方法进行问卷调查。研究对象为河南省2所综合三甲医院的临床护士260人。结果护士对于实施姑息护理的自我效能总体处于不均衡状态,其中对“身体照护行为”自我效能平均得分4．00分,对“家属的照护行为”自我效能平均得分3．85分,“心理与精神护理”自我效能平均得分3．70分;对待死亡的不同态度的护士的姑息护理自我效能有显著差异;护士对姑息护理的认知水平、护理终末期患者过去行为经验与自我效能均成正相关。结论影响护士姑息护理自我效能的主要因素为对姑息护理的认知水平、护理终末期患者的过去行为经验和对待死亡的态度。     

护士自我效能感及影响因素调查分析

目的:探讨护士自我效能感的状况及其影响因素。方法:采用自行设计护士自我效能感问卷调查表对4所医院633名护士进行调查、分析。结果:本组护士自我效能感分数平均为(25.57±6.38)分,与常模比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);科室、护龄和职称为护士自我效能感的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01);护士一般自我效能感高者其自然表现、深层表现得分高(P<0.05)。结论:临床护士自我效能感越高,可更多地运用自然表现与深层表现策略;管理者通过采取增强护士自我效能感的措施,可提高护士的心理应激能力,调节护士的负性情绪,提高护理质量。     

护士灾害护理认知及自我效能的影响因素

目的了解影响护士灾害护理认知及自我效能的影响因素并分析其影响程度,为灾害护理的开展与推行提供参考依据。方法采用灾害护理知识认知及自我效能问卷,对本院急救中心和外科监护室101名当日在岗护士进行调查。结果护士灾害护理知识认知得分（47．72±13．78）分,年龄、工作年限及科室与护士知识认知水平呈正相关（r分别为0．208,0．300,0．315;P〈0．05）。自我效能平均得分为（47．92±8．59）分,年龄、工作年限、职称、职务及学历与护士灾害护理自我效能呈正相关（r分别为0．385,0．336,0．331,0．314,0．246;P〈0．05）。结论应根据护士年龄、学历、专业方向、职称、职务并结合当地的灾害发生特点,对其进行系统化灾害护理教育及培训,提高护士灾害护理知识及自我效能水平,为灾害救援工作的顺利开展提供了有力的保障。     

浙江省全日制本科毕业护士自我效能感的调查分析

目的了解全日制本科毕业护士的自我效能感及其影响因素,探索提高其自我效能感的方法。方法采用一般资料问卷、一般自我效能感量表,以便利抽样法对浙江省杭州市区省市级医院385名全日制本科毕业护士进行调查。结果全日制本科毕业护士自我效能感总分为(2.46±0.47)分,处于低下水平,其医院级别、所在科室、工作年限、高中文理分科等对自我效能感均有影响(P<0.05)。结论护理院校和医院应制订相应的培养方案,提高本科护理专业学生和护士的自我效能感,最大限度地发挥他们的潜能和主观能动性,推动护理队伍的建设,从而为提供高质量的护理服务奠定人力基础。     

新护士自我效能感的影响因素分析

目的了解新护士的自我效能感及影响因素。方法采用一般自我效能感量表和焦虑自评量表对264名新护士进行问卷调查。结果新护士自我效能感平均得分为(2.38±0.48)分,明显低于常模,P<0.001;家人支持、科室融洽、有榜样护士与新护士自我效能感呈正相关。新护士焦虑、本省籍与自我效能感呈负相关。结论新护士的自我效能感偏低,与家人支持、焦虑、科室融洽、有榜样护士、本省籍有关。     

伤口、造口专科护士的自我效能感及其影响因素的调查

目的评价伤口、造口专科护士的自我效能感情况及其影响因素,探讨提高护士自我效能感的策略。方法27名伤口、造口专科护士培训前后采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES）进行调查,并与普通护士自我效能感状况进行比较。结果专科护士培训后的自我效能感水平为（3．081±0．446）分,高于培训前水平。年龄与护士自我效能感水平呈正相关（r=0．186,P〈0．05）。结论伤口、造口专科护士的自我效能感处于较高水平,专科理论与技能培训是提高护士自我效能感的有力保障。     

护士自我效能的社会影响因素研究

目的:探讨社会因素对护士自我效能感的影响.方法:利用护士一般自我效能感量表和领悟社会支持量表对潍坊地区的358名护士进行了调查.结果:护龄、职称、领悟社会支持和护士一般自我效能感相关显著;朋友支持和其他支持对护士自我效能感回归显著.结论:社会支持对护士自我效能感有重要影响.     

妇幼保健院护士创新自我效能感现状及其影响因素

目的 调查妇幼保健院护士创新自我效能感(ISE)现状,分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2021年10月-12月利用问卷星对妇幼保健院208名护理人员进行调查,包括一般资料调查表、ISE问卷以及创新行为量表。结果 妇幼保健院护士ISE得分为(26.34±6.35)分,各条目中“我大多时候能将创新想法变成现实”得分最低为(3.31±0.78)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,专科及以下学历、非专科护士、阅读文献较少以及工作满意度低为妇幼保健院护士ISE的影响因素(P<0.001)。结论 妇幼保健院护士ISE处于中等水平,不同特征护士ISE存在差异,专科及以下学历、非专科护士、阅读文献较少以及工作满意度低的护士ISE更低。护理管理者应注重护士ISE的培养,增强创新教育,提高妇幼保健院护士创新精神。     

冠心病患者自我效能及其影响因素调查分析

目的了解冠心病患者自我效能状况及其影响因素,揭示可能的提高患者自我效能的对策。方法采用患者基本情况问卷和健康行为自我效能量表,对216例冠心病（CHD）患者进行调查。结果216例CHD患者自我效能平均总得分为57．89±14．25,其中仅18例（8％）表现出高水平自我效能（得分〉80）;亚组分析提示总得分与文化程度、心绞痛分级有关,文化程度越低得分越低,病情越重得分越高（P〈0．05）。结论冠心病患者总体自我效能偏低,制定护理措施及对患者随访时应该评估患者自我效能水平,并寻找影响因素,给予适当干预以提高自我效能。     

传染病医院护理人员姑息护理态度调查及其影响因素分析

目的：调查传染病医院护士姑息护理态度,分析其影响因素,为进一步开展姑息护理实践提供依据。方法：对我院143名护理人员进行姑息护理态度问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般资料、姑息护理态度两部分。根据调查结果,对影响姑息护理态度的因素进行分析。结果：我院护士姑息护理态度问卷得分较低,专业职责和角色（维度1）均分为（2.95±0.34）分、姑息护理有效性（维度2）均分为（3.22±0.31）分、护患沟通（维度3）均分为（2.54±0.43）分,总问卷均分为（2.96±0.36）分,姑息护理有效性、专业职责和角色得分好于护患沟通。影响我院护理人员姑息态度得分主要因素有职称、学历、科室和护理过肝癌/艾滋病晚期患者人数。结论：我院护理人员照顾晚期患者的态度不积极,加强姑息护理的培训显得尤为重要。     

Exploring nursing outcomes for patients with advanced cancer following intervention by Macmillan specialist palliative care nurses

BACKGROUND: Little information exists about the outcomes from nursing interventions, and few studies report new approaches to evaluating the complex web of effects that may result from specialist nursing care. AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore nursing outcomes for patients with advanced cancer that may be identified as resulting from the care of a Macmillan specialist palliative care nurse. METHODS/INSTRUMENTS: Seventy-six patients referred to 12 United Kingdom Macmillan specialist palliative care nursing services participated in a longitudinal study of their care over 28 days. Patients were interviewed and completed the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale and the Palliative Care Outcomes Scale at referral, and 3, 7 and 28 days following referral to a Macmillan specialist palliative care nursing service. A nominated carer was interviewed at baseline and 28 days. Notes recorded by Macmillan specialist palliative care nurses in relation to each patient case were analysed. FINDINGS: Significant improvements in emotional (P = 0.03) and cognitive functioning (P = 0.03) were identified in changes in patients' European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale scores, and in Palliative Care Outcomes Scale patient anxiety scores (P = 0.003), from baseline to day 7. Analysis of case study data indicated that overall positive outcomes of care from Macmillan specialist palliative care nursing intervention were achieved in 42 (55%) cases. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Sample attrition due to patients' deteriorating condition limited the value of data from the quality of life measures. The method developed for evaluating nursing outcomes using data from patient and carer interviews and nursing records was limited by a lack of focus on outcomes of care in these data sources. CONCLUSIONS: A method was developed for evaluating outcomes of nursing care in complex situations such as care of people who are dying. Positive outcomes of care for patients that were directly attributable to the care provided by Macmillan specialist palliative care nurses were found for the majority of patients. For a small number of patients, negative outcomes of care were identified.     

上海市晚期癌症患者姑息照护质量及其影响因素的分析

目的 调查上海市晚期癌症患者的姑息照护质量及其影响因素.方法 采用一般资料调查表和姑息照护结局量表对300例晚期癌症患者进行调查.结果 晚期癌症患者姑息照护质量得分为（16.55±6.47）分;家庭人均月收入、经济压力、遵守医嘱程度、病程、患者是否知晓病情、心理护理、被照护医院等级是影响晚期癌症患者姑息照护质量的主要因素.结论 鉴别晚期癌症患者姑息照护质量的主要影响因素可帮助临床医护人员及相关政策部门制订针对性强的于预对策,以提高晚期癌症患者的照护质量水平,进而提升其生存质量.     

Factors influencing oncology nurses’ approaches to accommodating cultural needs in palliative care

Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study is to explore the social construction of cultural issues in palliative care amongst oncology nurses. Background. Australia is a nation composed of people from different cultural origins with diverse linguistic, spiritual, religious and social backgrounds. The challenge of working with an increasingly culturally diverse population is a common theme expressed by many healthcare professionals from a variety of countries. Design. Grounded theory was used to investigate the processes by which nurses provide nursing care to cancer patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Methods. Semi‐structured interviews with seven Australian oncology nurses provided the data for the study; the data was analysed using grounded theory data analysis techniques. Results. The core category emerging from the study was that of accommodating cultural needs. This paper focuses on describing the series of subcategories that were identified as factors which could influence the process by which nurses would accommodate cultural needs. These factors included nurses’ views and understandings of culture and cultural mores, their philosophy of cultural care, nurses’ previous experiences with people from other cultures and organisational approaches to culture and cultural care. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that previous experiences with people from other cultures and organisational approaches to culture and cultural care often influenced nurses’ views and understandings of culture and cultural mores and their beliefs, attitudes and behaviours in providing cultural care. Relevance to clinical practice. It is imperative to appreciate how nurses’ experiences with people from other cultures can be recognised and built upon or, if necessary, challenged. Furthermore, nurses’ cultural competence and experiences with people from other cultures need to be further investigated in clinical practice.     

Esthetic abilities: a way to describe abilities of expert nurses in palliative home care

Aim. The aim of this paper is to focus on the abilities needed to create the caring relation in palliative home care and to find ways to describe these abilities and skills from an esthetic perspective. Background. Nurses in Palliative home care have to create a functioning relationship between themselves the patient and the patient's next of kin, this puts special demands on the nurse. A number of abilities, such as creativity, intuition, empathy and self‐knowledge are mentioned in literature related to the caring relation. Many nursing theorists have referred to the art and esthetic of nursing when trying to describe these abilities. Methods. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews with eight expert nurses in palliative home care. The transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analyses. Findings. Three main categories where found: The will to do good, Knowledge and Perceptiveness. Subcategories that can be seen as abilities where found in the main categories knowledge and perceptiveness. Conclusions. The main categories can be seen as expressions for abilities, personal qualities and skills needed to create the caring relation in palliative home care. We found interesting connections between the three main categories and the concepts of esthetics, ethics and science. We also found that nurses develop in a way, i.e. similar to an artist. Relevance to clinical practice. The concepts brought forward in this paper could be used in clinical supervision and education as well as in clinical practice. If nurses think about the three aspects: Knowledge, the will to do good and perceptiveness, the chance for a positive relation between the nurse and the patient, and the patient's next of kin might increase. One could speculate that perceptiveness is a vital ability in order to achieve the expert level of nursing and that this perspective should be taken in consideration when recruiting nurses and in curriculum development.     

ICU护士评判性思维的现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查ICU护士评判性思维的现状,并探讨其相关影响因素.方法 采用一般资料调查表及评判性思维能力量表对长沙市7所三级甲等医院ICU的324名护士进行横断面调查.结果 ICU护士的评判性思维能力总分为（284.22±23.62）分;职称、第一学历、从事ICU工作年限、参加活动频率和学习频率是ICU护士评判性思维能力的影响因素.结论 ICU护士的评判性思维能力总体表现为正性,但离评判性思维能力强的标准还有很大的差距,还有待进一步培养和强化.