CYP2C19基因多态性在冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入术后一年的随访研究

目的观察替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷的临床疗效,并探讨其与CYP2C19基因多态性的关系。方法入选2016年4月至2017年5月在中国科技大学附属第一医院接受住院治疗并行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的急性冠脉综合征患者492例,所有患者均接受CYP2C19基因型检测,根据患者口服抗血小板聚集药物分为氯吡格雷组和替格瑞洛组。随访1年,观察两组患者主要心脏不良事件(MACE)和出血并发症的发生率。根据CYP2C19基因检测将两组分别分为三个亚组:快代谢型(CYP2C19*1/*1)、中代谢型(CYP2C19*1/*2、CYP2C19*1/*3)和慢代谢型(CYP2C19*2/2*、CYP2C19*2/3*、CYP2C19*3/3*),分别观察各亚组患者的MACE发生率和治疗期间出血并发症的发生情况。结果替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组一年的死亡率、心肌梗死、心绞痛、脑梗死差异均无统计学意义,大中等量出血并无增加,小出血替格瑞洛组较氯吡格雷组有增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义。亚组分析中,替格瑞洛组与氯吡格雷组中的CYP2C19慢、中、快代谢相比,各亚组中一年的死亡率、心肌梗死、心绞痛、脑梗死差异均无统计学意义,大中等量出血并无增加,小出血替格瑞洛组较氯吡格雷组有增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷抗血小板聚集疗效及预后不受CYP2C19基因多态性的影响。     

MALDI-TOFMS在氯吡格雷基因多态性检测中的应用

目的探讨基因多态性与氯吡格雷个体化用药的相关性及基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)在氯吡格雷基因多态性检测中的应用价值。方法选取2015-2017年武警重庆总队医院住院的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)及拟进行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的患者160例,在氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗后第5天测定血小板聚集率;同时采用MALDI-TOF MS技术检测CYP2C19*2*、CYP2C19*3、CYP2C19*4、CYP2C19*5、CYP2C19*17和ABCBI、PON1、CES1基因多态性。结果根据血小板最大聚集率(MAR)将研究对象分为氯吡格雷抵抗(CR)组(n=75)和非氯吡格雷抵抗(NCR)组(n=85)。160份样本等位基因检出率为100%,两组均未发现CYP2C19*4、CYP2C19*5、CYP2C19*17突变;携带CYP2C19*2等位基因A及CYP2C19*1/*2、CYP2C19*1/*3、CYP2C19*2/*2、CYP2C19*2/*3代谢型发生氯吡格雷抵抗的风险较高,携带ABCB1等位基因A的GA、AA代谢型发生氯吡格雷抵抗风险较高,携带PON1等位基因T的CT、TT代谢型发生氯吡格雷抵抗的风险较高,携带CES1等位基因T的CT、TT代谢型发生氯吡格雷抵抗的风险较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);携带CYP2C19*3等位基因A发生氯吡格雷抵抗风险较高,CYP2C19*3/*3型发生氯吡格雷的风险较低,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CYP2C19*2、ABCBI、PON1基因突变增加氯吡格雷抵抗的风险,CES1基因突变降低氯吡格雷抵抗风险;MALDI-TOF MS具有准确性高、检测通量大、速度快、成本低等特点,适用于氯吡格雷基因多态性检测,指导临床个体化用药。     

脑卒中患者CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷临床疗效研究

目的:探讨武汉地区部分脑卒中患者氯吡格雷代谢相关CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷临床疗效的关系。方法:选取武汉大学人民医院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者292例,采用光比浊法检测患者服用氯吡格雷前后的血小板聚集率,计算其血小板抑制率;采用基因芯片法测定患者的CYP2C19基因(*1,*2和*3),并将患者按照基因检测结果分为不同代谢类型:快代谢型(*1/*1),中间代谢型(*1/*2和*1/*3)及慢代谢型(*2/*2,*2/*3和*3/*3)。采用统计学方法分析CYP2C19不同代谢类型患者血小板抑制率的差异。结果:根据CYP2C19基因多态性位点进行代谢分型,快代谢型占37.33%,中间代谢型占46.92%,慢代谢型占15.75%。3种代谢类型患者服用氯吡格雷前后的血小板抑制率分别为(54.39±18.93)%,(30.02±21.53)%及(10.34±3.83)%,3种代谢型患者之间血小板抑制率比较均有统计学意义,其中快代谢型患者显著高于中间代谢型和慢代谢型患者(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者中CYP2C19*2、*3基因变异者使用氯吡格雷抗凝的疗效较差,测定CYP2C19基因型对于脑卒中患者使用氯吡格雷治疗可能具有重要的指导意义。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对冠心病PCI术后氯吡格雷抵抗的影响及替代治疗方案的比较

目的探讨CYP2C19基因多态性对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后抗血小板治疗的影响及替代治疗方案的选择。方法选取2016年4月至2017年4月在我院治疗的冠心病患者90例,采用PCR扩增片段长度多态性检测患者CYP2C19基因型分布,散射比浊法检测血小板聚集率;将氯吡格雷抵抗(CR)患者随机分为氯吡格雷双倍剂量组(150mg/d,1个月后减量为75mg/d)和替格瑞洛组(90mg/d,每日2次),观察两组治疗后血小板抑制率和不良心血管事件发生率。结果 90例患者中,CYP2C19~*1/~*1患者28例,CYP2C19~*1/~*2患者48例,CYP2C19~*2/~*2患者8例,CYP2C19~*2/~*3患者6例;野生型组CR发生比例为21.43%,明显低于非野生型组的66.13%(P0.05);替格瑞洛组术后12个月血小板抑制率为(55.03±9.10)%,明显高于氯吡格雷双倍剂量组(P0.05);替格瑞洛组术后12个月不良心血管事件发生率为0.00%,明显低于氯吡格雷双倍剂量组的24.00%,差异比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CYP2C19基因多态性与冠心病PCI术后氯吡格雷抵抗有关;氯吡格雷抵抗患者应用替格瑞洛具有较好的效果。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者CYP2C19基因分型与 临床预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者CYP2C19基因分型与临床预后的相关性。方法:选取应用氯吡格雷治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者156例,进行CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3基因型检测,根据检测结果分为野生型组(GG)和突变型组(GA/AA)。对比2组的血小板抑制率、氯吡格雷疗效及临床预后情况。结果:野生型组患者的平均血小板抑制率为(42.42±2.74)%,突变型组为(32.41±2.69)%,突变型组的平均血小板抑制率低于野生型组(P0.05)。突变型组的氯吡格雷抵抗发生率为26.32%,显著高于野生型组的1.25%(P0.05)。突变型组的预后不良发生率高于野生型组,卒中复发率及心脑血管不良事件总发生率也高于野生型组(P0.05)。与野生型组相比,突变型组患者随访期间累积无再发心脑血管不良事件的生存率明显更低(P0.05)。结论:急性缺血性脑卒中患者的CYP2C19基因分型与血小板抑制率、临床预后密切相关,携带CYP2C19突变型基因型的患者,血小板抑制率更低,氯吡格雷敏感性越差,预后不良风险越高。     

冠心病患者CYP2C19基因多态性及临床不良事件发生与氯吡格雷抵抗的关系

目的通过分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后冠心病患者的CYP2C19基因型结果、临床相关危险因素和主要心血管不良事件发生情况与氯吡格雷抵抗的关系,探讨影响氯吡格雷抵抗发生、发展的因素,为临床治疗提供有效依据。方法收集2017年1月至2018年12月该院收治并进行过基因检测的346例冠心病患者资料,分析其CYP2C19基因型和代谢型分布特征,筛选出251例使用氯吡格雷的PCI术后冠心病患者,进行血小板聚集功能试验检测,根据血小板最大聚集率(MAR)分为氯吡格雷敏感组(MAR<50%)和氯吡格雷抵抗组(MAR≥50%)。利用荧光PCR法进行CYP2C19基因多态性检测,根据基因型结果分为快代谢型(*1/*1)、中代谢型(*1/*2、*1/*3)和慢代谢型(*2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3)。比较氯吡格雷抵抗组与氯吡格雷敏感组不同代谢型的患者比例、相关危险因素情况及临床心血管不良事件发生情况。结果慢代谢型患者的MAR较中代谢型、快代谢型患者高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入选的251例患者中,氯吡格雷抵抗组CYP2C19代谢型分别为快代谢型38例(34.5%)、中代谢型57例(51.8%)、慢代谢型15例(13.6%),氯吡格雷抵抗组与氯吡格雷敏感组在快代谢型中的患者比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氯吡格雷抵抗组的高血压患者比例(91.8%)与氯吡格雷敏感组(63.8%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氯吡格雷抵抗组临床心血管不良事件发生率(94.5%)高于氯吡格雷敏感组(84.4%),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论CYP2C19基因突变和高血压可能是氯吡格雷抵抗发生的两个重要影响因素,并且氯吡格雷抵抗增加了PCI术后冠心病患者临床心血管不良事件发生的风险。     

DNA测序法检测CYP2C19基因多态性指导氯吡格雷用药的临床价值

目的评估DNA测序法检测细胞色素氧化酶P450 2C19(CYP2C19)多态性以指导氯吡格雷临床用药。方法选取2010年11月至2013年11月武汉大学人民医院心血管内科诊断为急性冠状动脉综合征,并首次接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)的140例患者为研究对象,随机分为试验组及对照组各70例。试验组采集外周血标本并提取基因组DNA,根据已知的CYP2C19基因序列,设计针对CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3位点的特异性引物,聚合酶链反应扩增包含CYP2C19基因多态性位点的DNA片段;并以DNA测序法进行鉴定,分析不同CYP2C19基因型在试验组患者中的分布频率。对照组患者使用氯吡格雷药物但未检测相关基因。比较两组患者随访过程中发生冠状动脉血栓事件的差异。结果 DNA测序结果显示,试验组中共有4种基因型组合被检测到:*1/*1(636GG,681GG)、*1/*2(636GG,681GA)、*2/*2(636GG,681AA)、*1/*3(636GA,681GG),分布频率分别为33例(47.1%)、29例(41.4%)、4例(5.7%)、4例(5.7%),而*3/*3(636AA,681GG)和*2/*3(636GA,681GA)未检测到。经基因型指导氯吡格雷用药的试验组患者发生支架冠状动脉血栓事件的比例为0.0%,明显低于对照组的7.1%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基因型指导氯吡格雷用药有助于患者用药剂量的调整,可降低冠状动脉血栓事件的发生率。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗的研究进展

阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷是冠状动脉支架植入术后常规的抗血小板治疗方案。然而,近年来的研究显示接受上述治疗的部分患者血小板的抑制率较低,即氯吡格雷抵抗,与冠脉支架植入术后支架内血栓事件的发生存在因果关系。而导致氯吡格雷抵抗的原因复杂,研究表明CYP2C19基因多态性与其明显相关,对高危人群进行CYP2C19基因多态性检测有利于识别氯吡格雷抵抗,并及时增加氯吡格雷剂量或更换新型血小板P2Y12受体拮抗剂,可降低术后支架内血栓的发生。     

武汉地区冠心病患者氯吡格雷药物代谢相关基因CYP2C19的多态性分布分析

目的 探讨武汉地区冠心病介入患者氯吡格雷代谢相关基因CYP2C19多态性的分布。方法 选取2014年1月～12月武汉大学人民医院心内科进行介入治疗(PCI)的316例冠心病患者作为研究对象。通过基因芯片法检测氯吡格雷代谢相关的CYP2C19*1,*2,*3基因,并将患者按CYP2C19基因型别分为不同代谢类型:强代谢型(*1/*1),中间代谢型(*1/*2,*1/*3),弱代谢型(*2/*2,*3/*3,*2/*3)。结果 根据CYP2C19基因多态性位点功能代谢分型,携带CYP2C19*1的强代谢型(*1/*1)占43.4%,携带CYP2C19*2或*3的中间代谢型(*1/*2和*1/*3)及弱代谢型(*2/*2,*2/*3和*3/*3)分别占42.4%,14.2%。不同性别在CYP2C19基因分型上差异无统计学意义。结论 武汉地区冠心病介入患者中分布有较多的CYP2C19氯吡格雷代谢功能缺失基因。     

咸阳地区经皮冠状动脉介入术后冠心病患者CYP2C19基因多态性分析

目的探讨咸阳地区经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后冠心病患者细胞色素氧化酶P450 2C19(CYP2C19)基因多态性分布情况,为指导临床个性化抗血小板治疗提供理论依据。方法选取2017年12月至2019年6月于该院心血管中心行PCI并服用氯吡格雷进行抗血小板治疗的冠心病患者279例作为研究对象,采用实时荧光聚合酶链反应探针检测CYP2C19的基因型。结果CYP2C19基因多态性分布特点:CYP2C19正常代谢型(*1/*1)109例,占39.07%;CYP2C19中间代谢型(*1/*2、*1/*3)127例,占45.52%;CYP2C19慢代谢型(*2/*3、*2/*2、*3/*3)43例,占15.41%。咸阳地区冠心病患者CYP2C19代谢型分布与我国其他地区差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.954,P0.05),正常代谢型、中间代谢型占比较高。结论通过基因检测有助于个性化使用抗血小板聚集药物或调整抗血小板聚集药物剂量,减少因用药不当造成的血栓事件发生。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.