结核菌Mtb8.4基因疫苗对结核杆菌感染小鼠的免疫保护效果研究

为研究Mtb8.4基因疫苗的免疫原性及对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果,将雌性C57BL/6N小鼠32只,随机分为4组,即Mtb8.4基因疫苗组、BCG组、pcDNA3.1(+)组和PBS组。小鼠脾细胞培养上清检测细胞因子水平;并按效靶比例分别为100∶1、50∶1、10∶1进行CTL杀伤活性检测。用结核杆菌H37Rv强毒株静脉攻击小鼠,计数肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数,对小鼠部分肺和脾组织作病理切片,HE染色观察组织病变程度,Z-N染色查抗酸杆菌,观察该疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果。结果表明,Mtb8.4基因疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染有一定的免疫保护效果,能够诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2分泌增加,IL-4分泌减少,特异性CTL活性增加;使小鼠肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数较空载体组显著减少,组织病变明显减轻。     

含信号肽Mtb8.4基因疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护作用

目的研究含信号肽MTB8.4基因疫苗的免疫原性及对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护作用。方法雌性C57BL/6N小鼠32只,随机分为4组,即含信号肽的MTB8.4(MS)基因疫苗组、BCG组、pcDNA3.1 组和PBS组。ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞培养上清中细胞因子水平;并按效、靶比例分别为100∶1、50∶1、10∶1进行CTL杀伤检测。用结核杆菌H37Rv强毒株静脉攻击小鼠,计数肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数,观察小鼠部分肺和脾组织的病变程度;Z-N染色查结核杆菌,观察该疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护作用。结果MS基因疫苗能够诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2分泌增加,IL-4分泌减少,特异性CTL活性增加;免疫组小鼠肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数较空载体组显著减少,组织病变明显减轻。结论结核病MS基因疫苗能诱导较强的Th1型细胞免疫应答,对小鼠结核杆菌感染有一定的免疫保护作用,但尚需进一步提高。     

结核病Mtb8.4基因疫苗免疫原性的研究

由于艾滋病流行、耐药结核病及流动人口增多,有效预防和控制结核病显得极其重要。卡介苗（BCG）是人类预防结核病的唯一疫苗,但该疫苗存在着不足,保护效率差异大,研制新型、有效、安全的预防结核病的疫苗已成为国内外学者共同关注的一个重要课题。本研究将Mtb8．4基因疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠,检测其免疫原性。     

结核病 Mtb8.4/hIL-12 嵌合基因疫苗免疫保护效果研究

目的 研究Mtb8.4/hIL-12 嵌合基因疫苗的免疫原性及对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果.方法 将雌性C57BL/6N小鼠40只,随机分为5组,即Mtb8.4/hIL-12嵌合基因、Mtb8.4基因疫苗组、BCG组、空载体组和PBS组.小鼠脾细胞培养上清液检测细胞因子水平;并按效靶比例分别为100∶1、50∶1、10∶1进行细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)杀伤检测.用结核杆菌H37Rv强毒株静脉攻击小鼠,计数肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数,对小鼠部分肺和脾组织作病理切片,HE染色观察组织病变程度,Z-N染色查抗酸杆菌,观察该疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果.结果 Mtb8.4/hIL-12嵌合基因疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染有一定的免疫保护效果,能够诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2分泌增加,IL-4分泌减少,特异性CTL活性增加;使小鼠肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数较空载体组显著减少,组织病变明显减轻,其效果优于卡介苗(BCG)组和Mtb8.4基因疫苗组.结论 hIL-12与Mtb8.4构建成嵌合基因疫苗后,使Mtb8.4基因疫苗的免疫效力得到很大提高.     

结核分枝杆菌含信号肽的Mtb8.4/hIL-12嵌合基因疫苗免疫保护效果研究

目前人类预防结核病的惟一疫苗——卡介苗（BCG）存在着不足，研制新型、有效、安全的预防结核病的疫苗成为国内外学者共同关注的一个重要课题。目前由于大多数结核病DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果尚不如BCG，因此，提高DNA疫苗免疫效力是目前结核病核酸疫苗研究的热点。本研究选择新近从结核杆菌培养滤液（CF）中纯化分离出的一种低分子量蛋白抗原——含信号肽的Mtb8．4（Ms）作为目的抗原，与人白细胞介素12（hIL-12）构建成结核病嵌合基因疫苗，旨在提高MS的免疫效力。     

IL-12的真核表达载体促进小鼠对DNA疫苗的免疫应答

慢性乙型肝炎及其病毒携带者细胞免疫功能明显低下。ＤＮＡ疫苗可被体细胞摄取并表达相应抗原 ,激发出保护性免疫应答 ,包括特异性ＣＴＬ应答及特异性抗体的产生〔1〕。ＩＬ 12是目前发现对体内免疫活性细胞诱导和调节作用最强、范围最广的细胞因子。我们将ＨＢＶＤＮＡ疫苗 (ｐＣＲ3.1 Ｓ)与编码鼠ＩＬ 12的真核表达载体 (ｐＷＲＧ316 9,简称ＩＬ 12 )共同免疫小鼠后 ,观察其对小鼠免疫应答的影响。材料与方法材料 :5～ 8周龄雌性ＢＡＬＢ/ｃ小鼠购自本校实验动物中心 ,体重 15～ 2 0ｇ ;Ｐ815小鼠肥大细胞瘤细胞系 ,编码ＨＢＶＳ抗原的真…     

不同HBsAg疫苗联合免疫后诱导小鼠细胞和体液免疫应答的研究

目的：了解HBsAg的蛋白疫苗（P）、痘苗病毒疫苗（V）、DNA疫苗（D）联合免疫小鼠诱导的特异性体液和细胞免疫应答。方法：以P、V或D疫苗中的一种疫苗初次免疫BALB／c小鼠后，于第2、5、8、11周再用另一种疫苗加强，共产生9种免疫组合：即PP、PV、PD、VP、VV、VD、DP、DV及DD。于初免后第2、5、8、11周采血检测血清中抗HBsAgIgG的总滴度及其IgG1和IgG2a亚类，并于每次加强免疫后第7天，检Nd,鼠脾脏的CTL对P815S细胞的特异性杀伤率。结果：在P、V、D3种疫苗中，V疫苗诱导产生抗HBsAg抗体的速度最快，P疫苗诱导的体液免疫回忆反应最强，D疫苗诱导产生的抗体最弱。除PP疫苗组合诱导的抗体明显倾向于IgG1外，其他均无明显的倾向性。各种免疫组合中，VD和DV疫苗组诱导的CTL应答最强，对P815S的特异性杀伤率分别为71％和64％。结论：在各种联合免疫组合中，PV、PD、VP和VD疫苗组的抗体应答较好；而DV和VD疫苗组诱导的CTL杀伤效应最强。     

结核分枝杆菌Ag85A基因DNA疫苗的构建及其联合人IL-12表达质粒诱导的小鼠细胞免疫应答观察

目的:构建编码结核分枝杆菌Ag85A分泌蛋白重组真核表达质粒,研究其与hIL-12联合免疫小鼠后的细胞免疫应答。方法:(1)构建质粒:采用PCR法从H37Rv菌株中扩增Ag85A编码基因,用限制性内切酶消化后,插入克隆载体PMD20-T中,经酶切鉴定与序列测定证实后,以亚克隆法构建于真核表达载体PCDNA3.1的相应酶切位点。(2)动物实验:50只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为:①Ag85A基因疫苗+hIL-12质粒组(联合免疫组);②重组Ag85A基因疫苗组;③卡介苗BCG组(阳性对照);④空载体组(阴性对照);⑤PBS组(空白对照)。基因疫苗、空载体和PBS经肌内注射法免疫各组小鼠,每隔3周免疫1次,共免疫3次,BCG组经尾部皮下注射1×106CFU BCG免疫1次,约0.3 ml/只。第三次免疫小鼠后28天,处死各组小鼠,分离脾细胞,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清液中IFNγ-、IL-2、IL-4水平;乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测脾细胞杀伤活性;分离的脾细胞经TB-PPD刺激后,XTT比色法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖活性。结果:(1)成功构建结核分枝杆菌Ag85A基因DNA疫苗。(2)联合免疫组能诱导较强烈的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,免疫小鼠脾细胞培养上清液IFN-r和IL-2水平显著高于Ag85A基因疫苗组,与BCG组相当,IL-4分泌减少;特异性CTL杀伤活性明显增强;淋巴细胞增殖活性也明显高于其他组别。结论:hlL-12表达质粒能够增强结核分枝杆菌Ag85A基因DNA疫苗所诱导的小鼠免疫应答。     

IL-12的真核表达载体增强小鼠对DNA疫苗的免疫应答

病毒感染严重危害人类身体健康 ,清除病毒感染主要依靠细胞免疫或细胞因子的作用。细胞免疫是通过特异性ＣＴＬ识别、杀伤破坏病毒感染的细胞 ,以清除感染细胞内的病毒。大量资料表明 ,慢性乙型肝炎及其病毒携带者的细胞免疫功能明显低下〔1〕。基因疫苗 (核酸疫苗和ＤＮＡ疫苗 )是指含有编码某种蛋白抗原基因的真核表达质粒 ,直接接种体内后 ,可被体细胞摄取并表达相应抗原 ,进而激发保护性免疫应答 ,包括特异性ＣＴＬ应答及特异性抗体的产生〔2〕。ＩＬ 12是目前发现的对体内免疫活性细胞诱导和调节作用最强、范围最广的细胞因子。我们将…     

Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因疫苗免疫原性

目的:构建克隆结核分枝杆菌Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因疫苗,并在COS7细胞中表达,研究该疫苗的免疫原性。方法:克隆Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因,并导入真核表达载体pCIneo中,构建pCIneoMtb8.4/hIL12重组真核质粒。用限制性内切酶消化、PCR及DNA序列测定等鉴定后,转染COS7细胞,用RTPCR和Westernblot鉴定Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因在转录水平的表达。用Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因疫苗免疫C57BL/6N小鼠,收集脾细胞培养上清检测细胞因子的水平,并用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法测定细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)的杀伤作用。结果:pCIneoMtb8.4/hIL12重组质粒构建成功。以其转染COS7细胞后,Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因在转录水平获得表达。Mtb8.4/hIL12嵌合基因疫苗能诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,IFNγ和IL2的分泌增加,IL4的分泌减少,特异性CTL的杀伤活性增强。结论:成功地构建pCIneoMtb8.4/hIL12重组质粒,并在COS7细胞中表达。构建的Mtb8.4/hIL12基因疫苗具有较强的免疫原性,可明显诱导CTL的杀伤活性。     

Plasmid interleukin-23 (IL-23), but not plasmid IL-27, enhances the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Protection against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the development of Th1-like T-cell responses. This in turn is dependent on the pattern of cytokine produced from dendritic cells (DCs) after infection. Three heterodimeric cytokines, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-23, and IL-27, as well as IL-18, contribute to the differentiation and expansion of naive CD4(+) T cells. In this study we compared the effects of plasmids expressing both chains of IL-12, IL-23, or IL-27 as adjuvants for DNA immunization against M. tuberculosis infection. The genes encoding p19 and p40 chains of IL-23 or EBI3 and p28 chains of IL-27 were cloned on either side of a self-cleaving peptide from the FMDV2A protein. The secretion of functional cytokines from transfected cells was detected with bioassays. Supernatant from p2AIL-23-transfected cells induced the release of IL-17 from activated lymphocytes, confirming the presence of bioactive IL-23. Further, supernatant from p2AIL-27-transfected cells stimulated a significant increase in the proliferation of peptide-stimulated transgenic CD4(+) T cells. In initial experiments, M. tuberculosis infection of DCs was more potent at inducing IL-12 and IL-23 secretion than infection with the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and no significant upregulation of IL-27 was observed. Coimmunization of C57BL/6 mice with DNA expressing M. tuberculosis antigen 85B (Ag85B; DNA85B) and plasmids expressing IL-23 or IL-12 stimulated stronger Ag85B-specific T-cell proliferative and IFN-gamma responses than DNA85B alone, whereas the addition of p2AIL-27 had no effect. Interestingly, DNA85B codelivered with p2AIL-12, but not p2AIL-23, reduced the immunoglobulin G antibody response. Both p2AIL-23 and p2AIL-12, but not p2AIL-27, enhanced the protective efficacy of DNA85B against aerosol M. tuberculosis challenge. Therefore, both p2AIL-23 and p2AIL-12 are valuable as cytokine adjuvants for increasing the protective antituberculosis immunity induced by DNA vaccines.     

DNA vaccine encoding ESAT-6 enhances the protective efficacy of BCG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice

ESAT-6 is a protein produced by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis but absent in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and is considered as a promising vaccine subunit against tuberculosis. The protective efficacy of a new strategy based on the combination of DNA vaccine encoding ESAT-6 (DNA-E6) and BCG immunization was investigated in the present study. BALB/c mice were immunized with DNA-E6, BCG, DNA-E6 plus BCG, vector plus BCG or vector alone. Three weeks after the last immunization, antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma secreted upon stimulation with BCG-PPD or ESAT-6 protein by splenocytes of the different groups was determined by an ELISA. The immunized mice were challenged intravenously with low-dose virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv and bacterial load of the infected mice was measured in the spleen and lung 6 weeks later. Pathological changes in the lung were observed by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) or acid-fast staining. Our study demonstrated that ESAT-6-specific IFN-gamma was improved in mice vaccinated with DNA-E6 plus BCG, compared with those mice immunized with BCG alone. The combination of DNA-E6 and BCG resulted in the maximum reduction in bacterial load in both the lung and spleen, and only slight pathological changes were detected in the lung. These results suggested that the combination of DNA-E6 and BCG vaccination could be a better strategy against M. tuberculosis infections in human.     

GLS和IL-12偶联重组耻垢分枝杆菌免疫效果的观察

目的：研究携带编码人天然颗粒溶素（GLS）和小鼠IL-12基因质粒（pZM03）偶联重组耻垢分枝杆菌（ATCC607）经鼻黏膜免疫小鼠后,小鼠体内的免疫状况.方法：BALB/c小鼠36只,随机分为生理盐水、pZM03、ATCC607、卡介苗（BCG）、重组ATCC607（即携带pZM03的ATCC607）、灭活重组ATCC607组;采用滴鼻法免疫小鼠,BCG组0、14天各1次,其它组0、4、14天各1次,第0天免疫后4周处死小鼠,用ELISA检测血清中IFN-γ、IL-12、IgG2a、lL-4的分泌水平和淋巴细胞PPD诱导的IFN-γ分泌水平以及肺泡灌洗液特异性SIgA的水平,用MTS法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖情况.结果：重组ATCC607血清中IFN-γ、IL-12水平与BCG组无明显差异但明显高于其他组（P＜0.05）,IgG2a水平重组ATCC607组高于BCG组和其他组（P＜0.05）,各组间IL-4水平差异无统计学意义.重组ATCC607、BCG、灭活重组ATCC607及ATCC607组用PPD均可诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,各组间差异无显著意义,但与生理盐水和pZM03组间差异有显著意义（P＜0.05）.重组ATCC607组PPD诱导淋巴细胞IFN-γ明显高于其它组（P＜0.05）,与BCG组比较无显著差异.重组ATCC607等含菌组经鼻黏膜免疫可产生黏膜特异性SIgA.结论：重组ATCC607经鼻黏膜免疫小鼠后,机体特异性免疫特别是细胞免疫和黏膜免疫增强,为重组ATCC607治疗结核病的研究奠定了基础.     

Interleukin-12p40 mediates transient protection against Mycobacterium avium infection in the absence of interleukin-12

Produced by macrophages and dendritic cells, interleukin (IL)-12 is composed of a p35 and a p40 subunit and promotes protection against intracellular pathogens through the development of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) -producing T cells. The p40 subunit is also shared by the dimeric cytokines IL-12p40 homodimer and IL-23. In man, genetic defects in IL-12p40-mediated mechanisms are responsible for the familial occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, the most common of which is infection with Mycobacterium avium. To experimentally differentiate the contribution of IL-12p40-containing cytokines in the outcome of M. avium infection, we studied wild-type, p35- and p35/p40 doubly deficient mice in an intravenous infection model which reflects many parameters of the disseminated infection in humans. Our study shows that in contrast to p35/p40 doubly deficient mice, p35-deficient mice mount a transient antibacterially protective response against M. avium although such animals were unable to produce detectable levels of IFNgamma or generate efficient granulomas. In conclusion, our results identify an antibacterial effector mechanism preserved in p35-deficient mice that is absent in mice devoid of p35 and p40. This phenotype probably reflects an IL-12p40-dependent effect on macrophage activation at the level of innate immunity.     

人IL-12的克隆、表达及生物活性的鉴定

目的：克隆中国人ＩＬ－２ｐ４０基因,构建ＩＬ－１２的真核基因表达载体。方法：采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ从北京地区人脐血树突状细胞（ＤＣ）中克隆ＩＬ－１２ｐ４０ｃＤＮＡ基因,并进行序列分析。利用ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１和ｐＬＸＰＸＳＮ构建ＩＬ－１２表达载体,转染人肝癌细胞后对其进行生物学和免疫学分析。结果：北京地区人ＤＣ中ＩＬ－１２ｐ４０ｃＤＮＡ基因２１０位密码子有独特的结构,为ＧＣＣ（Ａｌａ）。并且２３９和２９１位