链霉素对耳石膜钙吸收影响的实验研究

应用放射性同位素方法研究健康豚鼠和链霉素肌注豚鼠球囊，椭圆囊耳石膜，锤骨和股骨在不同时间内对＾４５Ｃａ吸收水平的动态变化，了解链霉对耳石膜钙含量的影响，以探讨链霉素前庭中毒的机理。研究结果说明耳石原钙是在不断更新的，它与骨组织一样都是动态结构。     

链霉素对豚鼠耳石层的影响

一般认为，耳石处于十分稳定的状态。恰恰相反，最近的临床和动物实验研究资料提示，耳石移位、年龄老化，以及其它许多病理情况，都可使耳石变性。对豚鼠的研究表明，应用链霉素后，球囊和椭圆囊区的耳石均有缺失。该文研究旨在进一步探讨链霉素对耳石层的影响，阐明耳石变性和恢复过程及其在椭圆囊和球囊存在的区域差异。研究选用成年有色豚鼠63只，实验组（45只）动物给予链霉素气250mg／kg）腹腔注射，隔日1次，直至实验开始后第14天；对照组（18只）给予生理盐水腹腔注射。实验第0、3、7天和2、4、6、8、10和12周处死动物，取出椭圆囊…     

实验性膜迷路积水内外淋巴钙离子浓度改变及其意义

利用原子吸收光谱仪检测经手术破坏豚鼠内淋巴囊及前庭导管造成的实验性膜迷路积水一个月后的内、外淋巴Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度的变化。结果：积水耳内淋巴Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度为０．１８１±０．１２９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｘ±ｓ，下同），与对照耳组０．０２０±０．０１４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ相比，经ｔ检验有明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而积水耳组外淋巴Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度为０．６７９±０．３４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ与对照耳组０．７３０±０．３８５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ相比差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。讨论了内淋巴Ｃａ￣（２＋）升高在膜迷路积水形成机制中的可能作用。     

豚鼠耳石修复再生的超微结构及SPARC动态变化

目的观察豚鼠前庭耳石器受离心力高过载(高G)损伤后,其功能和形态学的变化及富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌性糖蛋白(SPARC)在其再生过程中的作用。方法 40只豚鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)和离心力高过载组(高G组,n=30),高G组给予10G离心力刺激4min后,分别于刺激后当天、三天、七天(每组10只)断头处死取双侧椭圆囊行扫描电镜观察,并应用免疫组织化学染色方法观察SPARC在豚鼠前庭中的表达。结果 10G离心力作用5min后,76.67%(23/30)的豚鼠出现了耳石器损伤的阳性行为学症状,且所有阳性症状均在30min内消失。扫描电镜下显示:高过载后当天可见正常耳石形态消失,被大量球状物代替,三天时球状物逐渐矿化,七天时哑铃状耳石出现并与矿化球状物共存,此外各时期均可见各种耳石的变性。免疫组织化学染色发现高G组在10G刺激后不同时间SPARC染色均高于对照组(P<0.05),但高G组各组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。左右耳未发现差别。结论离心力高过载刺激可造成前庭系统功能紊乱和耳石器结构损害,SPARC与耳石再生有关。     

豚鼠内耳耳石电子探针X线显微分析

应用电子探针X线显微分析技术（electronProbeX－raymicroanalysis，EPMA），对豚鼠耳石进行了元素组成的分析研究。取正常成年豚鼠5只，全麻后快速解剖出内耳前庭末梢器官，浸于液氮中（－SOC，24／J‘时）冻干，喷镀碳。在射电光谱分析仪上，以点状电子射线来扫描标本。对所产生的光谱进行分析，并由计算机进行数据处理。结果显示，豚鼠耳石的X线光谱中，钙［Caj含量最丰富，同时也测得一定含量的磷「P］、硫［Sj、氯［Clj和钾［Kj存在。椭圆囊和球囊耳石在元素组成上没有明显的差异，仅［Pj和〔Sj的频数分布略有不同。球囊耳石中…     

实验性膜迷路积水活体Ca^2＋浓度与内淋巴电位测定

为了探索Ｍｅｎｉｅｒｅ病发病机理，阻塞豚鼠内淋巴囊造成膜迷路积水模型。对膜迷路积水成功的１７只动物的左耳分别于术后１、２、３个月在耳蜗第三回开窗，用双管离子选择性微电极插入中阶，测Ｃａ＾２＋浓度及内淋巴电位（ＥＰ）；１４只豚鼠健耳（右耳）作为对照。结果证明积水后中阶Ｃａ＾２＋浓度增高，与对照耳比较差异有显著性，随积水时间延长Ｃａ＾２＋浓度逐渐增高，且１、２、３个月之间差异有显著性。对照耳ＥＰ为７２     

鼓室注入庆大霉素治疗梅尼埃病的研究进展

梅尼埃病(Meniere’s disease,MD)是一种特发性的内耳疾病,典型症状包括反复发作的眩晕、波动性听力下降、耳鸣及耳胀满感等,其基本病理改变为膜迷路积水,积水发生的顺序为耳蜗、球囊、椭圆囊、半规管。其发病机制主要是内淋巴产生过多和/或吸收障碍。内淋巴由耳蜗血管纹及前庭暗细胞产生,通过局部环流及纵流方式达内淋巴囊而被吸收,来维持其容量的恒定。因此,破坏前庭系统感觉细胞,减少中枢兴奋性传递,破坏前庭系统的暗细胞功能以减少内淋巴     

豚鼠膜迷路积水模型耳蜗Ca2+-ATP酶的变化

目的了解Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶在耳蜗活动位点及膜迷路积水后耳蜗Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶的变化。方法选成年健康、Ｐｒｅｙｅｒ反射正常豚鼠１４只,左耳装圆窗电极后阻塞内淋巴,经声反应阈（ＣＡＰ阈值）证明膜迷路积水形成;右侧为对照耳。用枸橼酸铅细胞组化法测定Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶,在透射电镜下Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶以磷酸铅黑色颗粒显示。结果对照耳Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶活动部位在蜗管前庭膜内淋巴侧、内外毛细胞皮板及静纤毛、血管纹中间细胞指突膜等处;实验性膜迷路积水后,声反应阈提高,前庭膜、内外毛细胞等处之Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶颗粒明显减少。结论膜迷路积水后声反应阈提高,前庭膜、内外毛细胞等处Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶活性明显下降,两者呈负相关。     

豚鼠膜迷路积水模型耳蜗Ca^2＋ATP酶的变化

目的 了解Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶在耳蜗活动位点及膜迷路积水后耳蜗Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的变化。方法 选成年健康、Ｐｒｅｙｅｒ反射正常豚鼠１４只，左耳装圆窗电极一阻塞肉淋巴，经声反应阈（ＣＡＰ阀值）证明膜迷路积水形成；右侧为对照耳。用枸橼酸铅细胞组化法测定Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶，在透射电镜下Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶以磷酸铅黑色颗粒显示。结果 对照耳Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活动部位在蜗管前庭膜内淋巴侧、内外毛细胞皮     

实验性膜迷路积水活体Ca~（2＋）浓度与内淋巴电位测定

为了探索Ｍｅｎｉｅｒｅ病发病机理，阻塞豚鼠内淋巴囊造成膜迷路积水模型。对膜迷路积水成功的１７只动物的左耳分别于术后１、２、３个月在耳蜗第三回开窗，用双管离子选择性微电极插入中阶，测Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度及内淋巴电位（ＥＰ）；１４只豚鼠健耳（右耳）作为对照。结果证明积水后中阶Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度增高，与对照耳比较差异有显著性，随积水时间延长Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度逐渐增高，且１、２、３个月之间差异有显著性。对照耳ＥＰ为７２．７８±１．９ｍＶ，积水耳为５５．８２±３．２８ｍＶ，差异有显著性。积水时间越长ＥＰ下降越明显，与Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度呈负相关，按Ｎｅｒｓｔｉａｎ方程计算电化学梯度的斜率。两者之间差有显著性。对Ｍｅｎｉｅｒｅ病听力下降的原因、Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度与ＥＰ的关系进行讨论。     

常年性持续性变应性鼻炎患者外周血单个核细胞CD45RA及CD45RO表达

目的 探讨常年性持续性变应性鼻炎(AR)患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)中CD45RA及CD45RO的表达及其与AR发病的关系.方法 应用荧光抗体标记、流式细胞仪检测30例AR患者PBMC中CD45RA及CD45RO的表达.结果 与对照组比较,①AR...     

Naive and memory T cells in hypertrophied adenoids in children according to age

The anatomic location of the adenoid implies that this organ is the first site of contact with inhaled antigens. Depending on the expression of different isoforms of the CD45 molecules, T cells can be divided into naive (CD45RA(+)) and memory (CD45R0(+)) cells, the latter representing T cells that have already been exposed to antigens. The purpose of this study was to analyse the lymphoid cells' subsets in adenoids and relate the findings to the age. The analysed material was adenoid tissue removed on the grounds of hypertrophy from 22 children. The patients were divided into two groups: up to 5 and above 5 years of age. The analyses of the lymphocytes subpopulations in the adenoid were performed in an EPICX XL (Coulter) flow cytometry. The results are expressed as the percentage of positively labeled cells (CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+)/CDB(+), CD4(+)CD45RA(+), CD8(+)CD45RA(+), CD4(+)CD45R0(+), CD8(+)CD45R0(+)). The percentage of CD4(+)/CD45R0(+) in children up to 5 years of age was significantly lower than in older children. We found the positive regression between age and the percentage of CD4(+) cells was CD45R0(+) (r=0.64). There were no statistically significant differences between study subgroups for the other parameters. The positive regression for CD4(+)/CD45R0(+) cells and age may result from increased stimulation by bacterial, viral and other antigens. Our results indicate that the adenoid have an important role in the development of an immunological memory among younger children.     

CD45RO在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨喉鳞状细胞癌中cD45RO的表达及其临床意义,为喉鳞状细胞癌的预后评估提供新的思路,及为其生物治疗提供理论依据。方法：2010—01—2012—12期间我院确诊并手术治疗的初发喉鳞状细胞癌标本50例。另取10例喉部正常黏膜作对照分析。所有标本均经10％甲醛固定,石蜡包埋、切片。采用免疫组织化学、苏木精伊红染色方法检测CD45RO的阳性表达,分析其与喉鳞状细胞癌临床病理特征之间的关系。结果：CD45RO在正常组织及喉鳞状细胞癌中的阳性表达率分别为30％、86％。在50例喉癌病例中,CD45RO与局部淋巴结转移呈负相关（r=-0．713,P〈0．05）,与肿瘤分区呈负相关（r=-0．750,P〈0．05）,与年龄、T分类、病理分化程度、临床分期无明显相关性。结论：①CD45RO在喉鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达高于正常喉黏膜组织中的表达;②CD45RO过表达可能减少区域淋巴结转移;③CD45RO过表达可能有利于喉鳞状细胞癌患者的预后;④传统UICC—TNM分期、组织学分级评估预后不同,通过对CD45RO的检测可以从另外一个角度评估喉鳞状细胞癌的预后情况。     

Vascular compression of the airway: Indications for and results of surgical management

Vascular compression of the airway is a significant cause of respiratory compromise in children. While the indications for surgical repair are sometimes life threatening, they can also be subtle. This retrospective study examines 45 surgical cases of tracheobronchial compromise secondary to vascular compression at a large children's hospital between July 1983 and February 1996. A total of 34 were diagnosed with innominate artery compression, ten with a double aortic arch and one with an anomalous right subclavian artery. The 45 patients, 25 male and 20 female, ranged in age from 12 days to 11 years at surgery (average 13 months). A total of 21 (47%) presented with proven or suspected episodes of cyanosis or apnea. All 45 patients had evidence of vascular compression during microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23/45 (51%), barium swallow in 22/45 (49%) and aortogram in 3/45 (7%). There was one death. One patient had a tracheotomy before surgery and continues to require it after surgery. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in 39/45 (87%) with five requiring more than one operation before their symptoms resolved completely. A total of four patients experienced a recurrence of symptoms within a variable length of time after surgery. Surgical indications and treatment alternatives will be discussed.     

Prevalence of the mitochondrial A 1555G mutation in Moroccan patients with non-syndromic hearing loss

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), especially the A1555G transition in the 12S rRNA gene, are one of the causes of both aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the A1555G mitochondrial mutation in Moroccan patients.

Methods

We performed molecular characterization by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing of one hundred and sixty four patients (84 unrelated familial and 80 sporadic cases) with a congenital sensorineural non-syndromic hearing loss and one hundred normal hearing controls for the occurrence of the A1555G mutation.

Results

Mutational analysis of the mtDNA showed the presence of the homoplasmic A1555G mutation in three families, leading to a frequency of 3.6% similar to that reported for European-populations. No A1555G mutation was detected in sporadic and controls cases. However, we detected in twenty normal hearing controls a novel polymorphism A1557C, which was not found in patient samples. We further evidenced the presence of the A1438G mitochondrial polymorphism in four patients with sensorineural hearing loss and in five controls.

Conclusion

Our results show that the occurrence of the A1555G mutation in hearing impaired patient's accounts for 3.6% in a Moroccan patients and those novel mtDNA polymorphisms might contribute to a novel sub-haplogroup specific of the Magrheb.     

A Decrease in Maxillary Sinus Pressure,as Seen in Upper Airway Allergy or Infection,Results in an Increase in Upper Airway Nitric Oxide Levels

The paranasal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity via small osties. Ostial occlusion, caused by mucosal swelling, will result in a slowly increasing negative pressure inside the sinus cavity. In parallel, the oxygen content in the sinus will decrease, resulting in the development of relative hypoxia. Hypoxia is a powerful inducer of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and inducible NO synthase has been shown to be present in considerable amounts in the upper airways, including the sinuses. The present study was designed to investigate whether a reduction in sinus pressure would affect upper airway NO production. Thirteen healthy volunteers were investigated. A pressure chamber was used to lower the ambient pressure to-4.9 kPa. NO was sampled from one nostril or via a drainage tube inserted into the maxillary sinus before, during and after the hypobaric exposure. When the pressure was decreased, NO levels increased from 256 &#45 15 to 316 &#45 19 ppb ( n =13, p <0.001). The NO levels remained elevated (282 &#45 21 ppb; p <0.05) when measurements were repeated 20 min after leaving the chamber. The nasal airway resistance (V2 tot ) also increased as a result of the chamber session (from 16 &#45 2° before to 21 &#45 3° after; p <0.05). An increase in NO levels was also found when the experiments were repeated with NO sampled directly from the maxillary sinus (225 &#45 6 before and 265 &#45 9 ppb after; n =6, p <0.001). For control purposes the nasal analyses were repeated again, this time under hyperbaric conditions (+4.9 kPa). This resulted in a slight decrease in the NO levels (from 273 &#45 22 to 241 &#45 17 ppb; n =10, p <0.001), but there was no change in the nasal airway resistance. We conclude that a reduction in sinus pressure, as seen in upper airway allergy or infection, may result in an increase in upper airway NO production.     

CD45RO CD20及总IgE在声带息肉组织中表达的研究

目的 :从免疫病理学角度探讨细胞免疫、体液免疫和局部变态反应在声带息肉发病中的作用。方法 :对 30例声带息肉组织 (息肉组 )和 10例正常声带组织 (对照组 )采用免疫组织化学方法观察两组CD4 5RO、CD2 0及IgE的表达情况并检测其阳性细胞数。 结果 :息肉组CD4 5RO、CD2 0和IgE阳性细胞数显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;声带息肉组织中CD4 5RO、CD2 0和IgE的表达之间无相关性 ;男、女患者间的表达差异亦无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 结论 :由T淋巴细胞介导的细胞免疫和B淋巴细胞介导的体液免疫在声带息肉中免疫应答活跃 ;声带黏膜局部变态反应参与了声带息肉的发病 ;在声带息肉的发病机制中免疫病理改变起着重要的作用。     

MR imaging of airway obstruction in infants and children

Accurate diagnosis is important in the evaluation of airway disorders of infants and children. Today, multiple imaging techniques are available to evaluate the pediatric airway. In general, it is best to start with simple and readily available examinations, which may provide a diagnosis in most cases, and progress to more sophisticated studies such as MR imaging. We performed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of 45 infants and children with symptoms of airway obstruction, 14 of 45 patient symptoms were related to masses of the airway and 31 of 45 patient symptoms were related to vascular compression.     

巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞及增殖细胞核抗原在鼻息肉组织中的表达及病理学意义

目的　研究巨噬细胞 (CD68)、T细胞 (CD45RO)、B细胞 (CD2 0 )和增殖核细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)在鼻息肉组织中的表达。方法　应用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化酶 (strept avidinoxidase,SP)法对 50例鼻息肉分别做CD2 0、CD45RO、CD68、PCNA的免疫组化染色 ,结合常规HE染色切片进行分析。结果　①CD68+ 细胞在嗜酸性粒细胞性鼻息肉较嗜中性粒细胞性鼻息肉表达率高 ,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5) ;②CD45RO、CD2 0在鼻息肉均有阳性表达 ,CD45RO与CD2 0呈负相关 (P =0 0 5) ;③CD68阳性细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润及鼻息肉上皮PCNA阳性表达有相关性 (P <0 0 5)。鼻息肉上皮的PCNA阳性表达和成纤维细胞PCNA阳性表达有相关性 ,(P <0 0 5)。结论　鼻息肉的形成与炎性细胞浸润密切相关。鼻黏膜局部的细胞免疫与体液免疫异常导致上皮细胞、成纤维细胞增殖、腺体增生是鼻息肉发生的基础 ,CD68+ 细胞可能是鼻息肉中的炎性干细胞     

Acoustic rhinometry assessment of the nasal cycle in neonates

In this study the nasal cycle in newborns was assessed using acoustic rhinometry with miniprobe (RHIN 2100). Enrolled in the study were 67 newborns aged 2 to 4 days. Each subject was assessed for 3 h, examinations taking place every 30 min. At least six measurements, three from each nostril, were taken at each examination. The miniprobe RHIN 2100 (SR Electronics ApS) was used for evaluation of nasal geometry. The minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and the total volume of the anterior 45 mm (VOL45) were calculated and used for statistical analysis. The mean volume of MCA and VOL45 in the examined group of children was 0.08 cm3 and 1.19 cm3 respectively. Nasal cycle was assessed by constructing the plots of acoustic rhinometry parameters MCA or VOL45 for time and statistically using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Most of the examined infants (70-85%) showed no significant fluctuations in nasal patency.