主动脉夹层的CT诊断价值(附11例分析)

目的：探讨CT在主动脉夹层中的诊断价值，提高对本病CT诊断的正确性。方法：对11例主动脉夹层的CT表现进行回顾性分析总结。结果：DeBaKey Ⅲ型10例、Ⅰ型1例；增强扫描显示内膜片8例、平扫显示3例；内膜破口显示3例；真腔大于假腔9例，真腔小于假腔2例；假腔形态多样呈半球形、新月形、环绕形、不规则形。结论：CT增强扫描对主动脉夹层能作出准确及时的诊断。     

不典型主动脉夹层的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的:回顾性分析不典型主动脉夹层(atypical aortic dissection,AAD)的CT表现,探讨螺旋CT诊断AAD的价值。方法:25例AAD患者,全部行平扫及增强扫描,并结合多平面重组、曲面重组等方法显示AAD及穿透溃疡,根据Stan-ford分类法分型。结果:25例AAD,A型7例,B型18例。主要CT表现:主动脉壁呈新月型或环形增厚,无内膜破裂形成的双腔主动脉征象,增强扫描假腔无强化。内膜钙化向内移位7例,穿透性溃疡征3例。并发心包、纵隔及胸腔积液和积血共10例。经内科保守治疗后,6例完全吸收,3例部分不典型吸收,2例无明显变化。结论:螺旋CT清楚显示夹层的部位、范围及并发症,可作为主动脉夹层的首选检查及随访方法。     

64层螺旋CT对主动脉夹层的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT诊断主动脉夹层的临床价值。方法:39例拟诊为主动脉病变的患者作为本组研究对象,对所有患者行CT平扫及增强扫描。CT平扫图像上观察内膜钙化的移位、主动脉直径扩大、心包和/或纵隔积血、胸腔积液/血。并对A型和B型主动脉夹层的平扫征象进行统计学比较。CT增强图像上观察低密度的内膜瓣、破口(入口和再入口)、真假腔及主要动脉分支受累情况。结果:21例主动脉夹层中,CT平扫观察到钙化的内膜瓣移位9例(42.9%),主动脉直径增宽8例(38.1%),心包和/或纵隔积血8例(38.1%),胸腔积液/血5例(19.0%)。CT增强扫描对主动脉夹层内膜瓣的显示率达100%(21/21),对真、假腔的显示率为100%(21/21),对破口的显示率为85.7%(18/21)。8例(38.1%)弓上血管受累,5例(19.0%)内脏血管受累。结论:64层螺旋CT对主动脉夹层有较高的诊断价值,能较好的显示夹层的真假腔、内膜瓣及破口,并且可以显示主要动脉受累情况,为外科的手术治疗提供重要信息。     

16层螺旋CT血管成像技术在主动脉夹层中的临床价值

目的:探讨16层CT血管成像在主动脉夹层的诊断和临床治疗中的应用价值。方法:27例主动脉夹层患者均行16层CT胸腹联合平扫和增强扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)及表面遮盖显示(SSD)等后处理方法,重点观察和评价主动脉夹层的真假腔、内膜片、内膜破口以及重要分支血管的受累情况。结果:原始横轴位图像对病变信息的存储最为可靠;不同的重组方式所得图像有不同的显示特点;27例均很好地显示了主动脉全程及其分支,显示真、假腔27例(100%)、显示内膜片(100%)、内膜破口24例(88.9%)、假腔内血栓形成9例(30%)。结论:16层螺旋CT血管成像可以全面显示主动脉夹层的病变和解剖细节,在主动脉夹层的诊断和临床治疗中有重要的临床应用价值。     

夹层动脉瘤内膜瓣平扫CT所见

CT是诊断夹层动脉瘤的准确方法。平扫CT见主动脉扩大、胸腔积液、心包积液等非特征性表现,主动脉壁钙斑内移或在夹层的假囊内有较高密度血块较具特征,可提示诊断。主动脉壁纤维化或赘生物、动脉硬化性动脉瘤血块表面钙化等均可造成钙斑内移的假象,故不能确诊。多数夹层动脉瘤有内膜撕裂,血液可经此流入假囊内,故增强CT见两个腔和内膜瓣,即可确诊。但有时假囊被血块     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术诊断急性主动脉夹层的价值

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT常规及后处理技术诊断急性主动脉夹层(ADD)的价值.方法 对73例急性主动脉夹层常规平扫和增强检查,扫描范围从肺尖到耻骨联合上缘水平,120 kV,160 mAs,扫描视野35～45 cm.原始采集层厚为0.75 mm,重建层厚1.0 mm,间隔1.0 mm.在工作站进行多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现技术(VR)重建.结果 73例中包括Stanford A型20例,B型53例.多层螺旋CT诊断AAD的敏感度、特异度均为100%.AAD假腔与真腔交界面呈"鸟嘴"样改变52例,蜘蛛网状改变21例.MPR与CPR对夹层初始破口、内膜瓣和真假腔的显示率分别为94.5%、100%、100%.VR与MIP对初始破口显示率较低,分别为15.1%、13.7%.MIP对内膜瓣和真假腔显示率为71.2%.结论 MPR技术在提高破口显示率和分型准确度方面明显优于VR和MIP.AAD的三维重建技术应选择MPR和VR,不必要做CPR和MIP重建.     

主动脉夹层真假腔的多层螺旋CT特征

目的:探讨主动脉夹层真假腔的CT特征.材料和方法:用16层螺旋CT机检查18例主动脉夹层患者,所有病例均行平扫、增强扫描及三维重建.结果:按照Stanford分型本组5例为A型,13例为B型,共累及52节段的主动脉.18例均显示真假两腔及撕裂的内膜;16例可见内膜破口;18例均可见到鸟嘴征,且均位于假腔;88.5%(46/52)的假腔直径大于真腔;60处发生内膜方向改变,其中26处内膜突向假腔,24处内膜平直,10处内膜突向真腔;8例可见血栓形成;5例主动脉外壁钙化,均位于真腔;4例合并胸腔积液;3例有分支受累及;1例合并心包积液.结论:MSCTA是检查主动脉夹层较好的影像学方法.鸟嘴征及真假腔大小比较对区分真假腔很有帮助.     

主动脉夹层的CT影像诊断

目的主动脉夹层(aorticdissection,AD)为主动脉最危重疾患,探讨CT对AD诊断的影像学特点,AD破裂或慢性渗漏时CT表现和诊断价值.方法16例患者,男14例,女2例,平均年龄58.2岁,13例有高血压史.全部患者均作CT平扫和增强扫描,2例并作SSD及2DMPR重建.按DeBakey分型Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型10例.结果平扫显示点片状钙化内膜片内移6例,增强后查见真、假两腔16例,其中1例真腔外侧血管壁又有撕裂呈三腔2个内膜片.AD撕裂内膜呈螺旋形上、下伸展.不强化之附壁血栓位于假腔4例,真、假腔均有3例.3例急性或慢性AD破裂渗漏均有主动脉周积液或轮廓不规则,1例胸主动脉夹层伴有纵隔、心包和双侧胸腔积液,2例腹主动脉夹层有弥漫性腹膜后纤维化,双腰肌、肾周间隙有网束影,形态不规则,双侧肾旁筋膜增厚.结论CT扫描对AD及其合并症的诊断及其病理特征的显示具有重要价值.AD慢性渗漏所致腹膜后纤维化有其独特表现与特发性腹膜后纤维化有所不同.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像评价Ⅲb型主动脉夹层

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)诊断Ⅲb型主动脉夹层的价值及其表现特征。方法:回顾性分析81例主动脉MSCTA图像;CT机采用16层螺旋CT机,对比剂使用碘海醇100~120ml,流速3~4ml/s,采用Surestar技术跟踪扫描,阈值140~160HU,扫描范围自主动脉弓上缘至髂总动脉分叉水平。结果:81例中发现21例Ⅲb型主动脉夹层,均清楚显示内膜破口,其中破口呈单个者20例,破口两个者1例,破口距左锁骨下动脉的距离<1.5cm2例,>1.5cm19例;内膜片的形态呈线形、弧形、螺旋形,厚度为1~3mm;真假腔显示不同密度,且真腔小而假腔大,真腔明显受压变窄;17例假腔位于左侧或左前方。结论:MSCTA对主动脉夹层的诊断、分型以及破裂口的定位是有效、无创的方法;弯曲突向假腔的新月型瓣膜及假腔位于左侧或左前方是Ⅲb型主动脉夹层的特征。     

特殊类型主动脉夹层的电子束CT表现及诊断

目的探讨表现特殊的主动脉夹层的电子束CT(EBCT)影像特征及诊断.材料和方法20例表现特殊的主动脉夹层,其中不典型夹层13例,三腔以上夹层动脉瘤3例,合并升主动脉壁内血肿的Stanford B型夹层2例,动脉瘤样夹层1例,外伤性主动脉夹层1例.结果主动脉不典型夹层为主动脉壁新月形或环形的低密度血肿包绕,常可见穿透性溃疡或钙化内移等征象;三腔以上夹层动脉瘤有2～3个内膜片,3～4个腔,瘤体管径较大;合并升主动脉壁内血肿的B型夹层见升主动脉管壁低密度新月形或环形增厚,降主动脉则见内膜片及真假两腔形成;动脉瘤样主动脉夹层见降主动脉局限性瘤样扩张,破口大,内膜片不易发现.1例外伤性夹层于主动脉弓峡部及降部起始见破裂内膜片.结论特殊类型的主动脉夹层表现各具特征,EBCT可清晰显示,是极适用于胸部急症的快速、无创的检查方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.