Comprehensive care for the child with upper extremity limb deficiency

Children with limb deficiencies/amputations are best managed by a multidisciplinary team comprised of physicians specializing in their care, prosthetists, and therapists. For a successful functional outcome, the rehabilitation team will need to consider the goals of the child and parents as they select appropriate components that will aid and not overwhelm the child. The prosthesis will need to accommodate growth and development and withstand the rigors of use during play. The child will benefit from a team approach to introduce, train, and problem-solve the process of prosthetic restoration. We examine strategies for decision making for children with upper extremity limb deletions that will allow appropriate component selection to ensure the prosthesis will be accepted and improve function for the child.     

Rehabilitation of the child with lower limb loss

Care for the child with limb deficiency or amputation is optimized when provided by an interdisciplinary team. A center specializing in the care of children with limb loss is typically the best choice and has the most experience in providing up to date, evidence based practice. The child and his/her family must be integral members of the team and optimal functional outcome requires recognizing and addressing their expectations and goals. We present an overview of rehabilitation strategies, including prosthetic management, for children with lower extremity limb loss.     

基于多学科参与的医护到家平台在颅脑损伤致偏瘫患者早期康复中的应用

目的探讨基于多学科参与的医护到家平台在颅脑损伤致偏瘫患者早期康复中的应用效果。方法选取2019年1月—2020年7月在医院治疗的60例患者为研究对象,按照组间基本特征相匹配的原则分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组实施常规护理模式,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于多学科参与的医护到家平台院外管理,采用促进健康生活方式问卷(HPLP)对患者健康生活方式进行评价,采用步行功能量表(Holden)、Brunel平衡量表(BBS)、功能独立性量表(FIM)、改良Barthel指数(wr-MBI)以及日常生活能力量表(ADL)对患者康复效果进行评价。结果观察组压力应对、营养、健康责任、运动、人际间影响以及自我实现评分均优于对照组,Holden、BBS、FIM、wr-MBI以及ADL评分均高于对照组,差异比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在颅脑损伤致偏瘫患者早期康复护理中采用基于多学科参与的医护到家平台管理,可有效改善患者生活方式,提高肢体运动功能和康复效果。     

Adult acquired major upper limb amputation in Norway: prevalence,demographic features and amputation specific features. A population-based survey

Purpose.?To estimate the prevalence of adult acquired major upper limb amputation in Norway. To describe this amputee population regarding demographic features and amputation specific features. To compare our data to data collected internationally.

Method.?Population-based cross-sectional study on adult upper limb amputees with acquired limb loss through or proximal to the radio-carpal joint. Patients were found in the databases of the two companies in Norway that make upper limb prostheses and in the medical records of three of the largest Norwegian hospitals. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Results.?We estimated a population prevalence of 11.6 per 100,000 adults (n == 416). Our survey was not 100%% comprehensive and the estimate is conservative. The amputees were predominantly men with traumatic, unilateral, distal amputations at a young age. There were significant gender- and amputation level differences in cause. Most amputees had used prostheses. About four in ten were in paid employment.

Conclusions.?Our findings are mainly consistent with earlier studies from other countries. Implications of our findings related to the planning of future health care for these patients are outlined, including suggestion of regional multidisciplinary rehabilitation emphasising occupational rehabilitation and focus on preventive measures. Potential areas of follow-up are suggested.     

Consensus statements regarding the multidisciplinary care of limb amputation patients in disasters or humanitarian emergencies: report of the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit Surgical Working Group on amputations following disasters or conflict

Limb amputations are frequently performed as a result of trauma inflicted during conflict or disasters. As demonstrated during the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, coordinating care of these patients in austere settings is complex. During the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit, consensus statements were developed for international organizations providing care to limb amputation patients during disasters or humanitarian emergencies. Expanded planning is needed for a multidisciplinary surgical care team, inclusive of surgeons, anesthesiologists, rehabilitation specialists and mental health professionals. Surgical providers should approach amputation using an operative technique that optimizes limb length and prosthetic fitting. Appropriate anesthesia care involves both peri-operative and long-term pain control. Rehabilitation specialists must be involved early in treatment, ideally before amputation, and should educate the surgical team in prosthetic considerations. Mental health specialists must be included to help the patient with community reintegration. A key step in developing local health systems the establishment of surgical outcomes monitoring. Such monitoring can optimizepatient follow-up and foster professional accountability for the treatment of amputation patients in disaster settings and humanitarian emergencies.     

Critical care of the child with increased intracranial pressure

The nursing care of children with increased intracranial pressure is extremely complex. For children with intracranial pressure monitoring devices in place or for those who are maintained on a barbiturate coma regimen, the nurse must have extensive knowledge regarding the proper operation of the complex equipment that is helping to maintain the child's life. However, no matter how sophisticated the monitoring equipment or no matter what new research protocol is being followed, the child's life is dependent upon the nurse providing care. If the nurse fails to interpret the clinical findings correctly and does not notify the physician promptly, the child may suffer permanent neurologic dysfunction. Furthermore, the nurse must be cognizant of nursing actions--routine activities such as changing the child's position--that could have a dramatic effect on the child's intracranial pressure. Given time, expert nursing care, a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, and a supportive family, many children who have severely increased intracranial pressures survive the insult without sustaining severe neurologic dysfunction.     

End-of-Life Care in an Australian Rehabilitation Facility for Older People: Staff Focus Groups

A qualitative study of staff experiences of end-of-life care for older people in a subacute rehabilitation facility was undertaken using three focus groups with senior multidisciplinary staff (5), junior nurses (8), and junior allied health staff (7). Content analysis revealed four major themes: being a key contact person; the quality of end–of-life care; referring to off-site service providers; and differing perspectives. These data have implications for multidisciplinary practice including staff education and capacity to change focus of care in facilities for older people dedicated to rehabilitation rather than palliation or end-of-life care.     

Functional assessment of older adults in an emergency department

The fast paced nature of emergency medicine often precludes assessment of patient functioning which may have significant consequences for geriatric patients including falls, functional decline and/or hospital re-admission. A rehabilitation consultation service to a hospital emergency department was implemented based on recommendations in the literature that functional assessments and a multidisciplinary approach be used with older adults. A systematic method of targeting and assessing elderly at-risk patients included a safety checklist and a comprehensive functional assessment tool. An observational study of 80 patients receiving functional assessments from rehabilitation professionals is described. Patients with high levels of disability or who lived alone prior to the emergency visit were more likely to be admitted to hospital. This study supports using multidisciplinary efforts and comprehensive functional assessments in emergency departments to guide decision-making about discharge outcome and planning for the health care needs of elderly patients.     

Rehabilitation of pediatric spinal cord injury: From acute medical care to rehabilitation and beyond

Objective: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in the pediatric population is an uncommon but potentially devastating entity that may be unfamiliar to many practitioners. Because its treatment requires a long-term, well-planned, integrated approach, understanding the natural history, treatment, and common comorbidities of pediatric SCI is crucial for all physicians caring for these children. We present a review of the current literature on this topic to discuss the current standard of medical and rehabilitation care of pediatric SCI patients. Data Sources: Studies for this review article were obtained by a thorough PubMed search, including but not limited to the terms "spinal cord injury," "SCI," "spinal rehabilitation," and "pediatric spinal injury." Frequently referenced articles of particular prominence in the field were also reviewed. Study Selection: Studies were included primarily to illustrate specific clinical situations in this overview article. Data Extraction: Studies were reviewed by the authors (JG and HK) and clinically important details were incorporated into the review. Data Synthesis: Not applicable. Conclusions: Pediatric SCI, while relatively uncommon, is a life-changing event for affected children and their families, physically, medically, and economically. Providing multidisciplinary care, as well as early and extensive rehabilitation, translates into superior outcomes. However, more research remains necessary to identify tactics for better community integration and increased educational, financial, and social success.     

Mental health consumer perspectives of a person-centred multidisciplinary care planning meeting on a rehabilitation inpatient unit

Mental health consumers are seeking genuine involvement in the planning regarding their treatment and care; however for many consumers in inpatient mental health settings, there is not the opportunity to participate. Current research evaluating person-centred multidisciplinary care planning initiatives in inpatient settings from the consumer perspective is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the consumer perspective of a person-centred multidisciplinary care planning meeting implemented in an Australian inpatient mental health rehabilitation unit. This study used a focused ethnographic design with data collection including fieldnotes, observations of meetings and interviews. Ten individuals participated in the study, with two participating in meeting observations and eight participating in structured interviews. Participants were consumers with a mental health diagnosis admitted to a mental health rehabilitation unit for assistance with achieving their goals for community living. Findings were analysed utilizing thematic analysis. Findings showed that consumers' experiences of the care planning meetings were positive. Themes included; ‘It's about you’, ‘Making decisions and expressing opinions’, ‘Staff involvement in care planning’ and ‘Supporting consumer recovery’. These findings add the consumer perspective to the existing evidence base and support the implementation of person-centred multidisciplinary care planning meetings in inpatient mental health settings.     

Societal participation: examining the impact of a rehabilitation approach for young people with schizophrenia

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: ? In addition to medical and psychosocial treatment of impairments, societal participation should be recognized as an important treatment goal for patients with schizophrenia, and it can be applied in daily practice by nurses and social workers, even when psychiatric impairments require acute care. ? Our research indicated that rehabilitation counselling by nurses and social workers within a multidisciplinary team helps to increase the societal participation level of young people with schizophrenia, while their impairments scores remained stable. ? Patients with more mild impairments seemed to profit more from rehabilitation counselling while patients whose impairments were more severe seemed to profit less. Our research also indicated that patients with similar levels of impairment did not show differences in their level of societal participation, regardless of drug use. ? Drug use as such is not a contraindication for rehabilitation counselling. Treatment of impairments, including management of drug addiction, should be closely interwoven with support for a patient's rehabilitation goals. ABSTRACT: This paper is based on research that focuses on the impact of a rehabilitation approach with respect to 99 young people diagnosed with schizophrenia in a Dutch mental health facility. The approach focused on societal participation goals. Nurses and social workers play a key role in such treatment. The research focused on developmental trajectories and showed significant improvement with respect to societal participation levels. Impairment scores remained stable. The results indicate that rehabilitation counselling by nurses and social workers, in addition to medication and psychosocial treatment and integrated in a multidisciplinary team, can make a difference in a patient's societal participation.     

Amputation rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration. From surgery to community reintegration

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature related to the advances that have taken place in the management and rehabilitation care of limb amputation. RESULTS: Prostheses for the lower and upper limb amputee have changed greatly over the past several years, with advances in components, socket fabrication and fitting techniques, suspension systems and sources of power and electronic controls. Higher levels of limb amputation can now be fitted with functional prostheses, which allow more patients to achieve independent life styles. This is of particular importance for the multi-limb amputee. The rehabilitation of more traditional lower limb levels of amputation have also greatly benefited from the technological advances including energy storing feet, electronic control hydraulic knees, ankle rotators and shock absorbers to mention a few. For the upper limb amputee, myoelectric and proportional controlled terminal devices and elbow joints are now used routinely in some rehabilitation facilities. Experimental prosthetic fitting techniques and devices such as the use of osseo-implantation for suspension of the prosthesis, tension control hands or electromagnetic fluids for knee movement control will also be briefly discussed in this paper. CONCLUSION: It is possible to conclude from this review that many advances have occurred that have greatly impacted the functional outcomes of patients with limb amputation.     

综合康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫康复疗效的影响

脑卒中具有发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高的特点,存活患者约70%～80%留有不同程度的功能障碍,严重影响患者的生存质量,给患者家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。脑卒中偏瘫康复治疗方案种类繁多,但目前主要采用综合性早期康复治疗、综合性早期康复护理干预、家庭康复训练及新技术运用等。临床研究表明,综合康复治疗疗效明显优于单一方法治疗,因此综合康复治疗方案发展前景广阔。     

Rehabilitation of burn injuries

Burn rehabilitation is a complex and difficult process for the burn survivor, his or her family, and the entire treatment team. This article describes the best approaches in burn care, including the use of a multidisciplinary team that emphasizes functional restoration through aggressive wound care, pain management, mobilization, and psychologic support.     

Understanding nursing practice in stroke units: a Q-methodological study

Abstract

Purpose: Nurses represent the largest professional group working with stroke-survivors, but there is limited evidence regarding nurses’ involvement in post-stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore the perspectives of nurses and other multidisciplinary stroke team members on nurses’ practice in stroke rehabilitation. Method: Q-methodological study with 63 multidisciplinary stroke unit team members and semi-structured interviews with 27 stroke unit team members. Results: Irrespective of their professional backgrounds, participants shared the view that nurses can make an active contribution to stroke rehabilitation and integrate rehabilitation principles in routine practice. Training in stroke rehabilitation skills was viewed as fundamental to effective stroke care, but nurses do not routinely receive such training. The view that integrating rehabilitation techniques can only occur when nursing staffing levels were high was rejected. There was also little support for the view that nurses are uniquely placed to co-ordinate care, or that nurses have an independent rehabilitation role. Conclusions: The contribution that nurses with stroke rehabilitation skills can make to effective stroke care was understood. However, realising the potential of nurses as full partners in stroke rehabilitation is unlikely to occur without introduction of structured competency-based multidisciplinary training in rehabilitation skills.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation in stroke units is a cornerstone of effective stroke care.

• Views of stroke unit team members on nurses’ involvement in rehabilitation have not been reported previously.

• Nurses can routinely incorporate rehabilitation principles in their care.

• Specialist competency-based stroke rehabilitation training needs to be provided for nurses as well as for allied health professionals.

     

下肢康复机器人改善痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童步行移动功能的物理治疗研究进展

步行是中枢神经系统的终极目标在生物力学水平上的体现,对儿童心理和运动独立性的形成均有重要意义.痉挛型脑瘫儿童需要提高步行功能以获得独立的移动能力,改善日常生活质量.传统的步行训练操作标准无法规范统一,评定指标不能标准量化.下肢康复机器人以高强度、重复性运动为特征,是近年来改善神经疾患步行移动功能领域的研究热点.本文简单...     

Experiences of nurses working in a stroke rehabilitation unit

Title. Experiences of nurses working in a stroke rehabilitation unit. Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore the perceptions, beliefs and feelings of a group of nurses who provided care to individuals admitted to a stroke rehabilitation unit. Background. Following a stroke, survivors should ideally be referred to multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation programmes, which attain better outcomes compared to the care provided on general medical wards. However, to achieve these outcomes, team members must work closely together. Communication problems have been reported in these teams, and other members may consider that nurses do not practise functional activities with patients. Methods. An interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted. Eight nurses in one Canadian stroke rehabilitation unit were interviewed during 2004–2005 about their experiences of providing care to stroke survivors. Findings. The nurses enjoyed giving this type of care, feeling that their role was pivotal to the rehabilitation process. At times, they found it difficult to let patients struggle to complete their activities of daily living. The nurses felt that lack of resources, including time, contributed to stroke survivors being short-changed in their rehabilitation nursing care. Despite holding strong views that others devalued their role within the stroke team, the nurses retained positive attitudes. Conclusion. Stroke teams need to recognize the constraints nurses experience in fulfilling their stroke rehabilitation role in order to foster the collegial support that could contribute to a more interactive and respectful work environment. They also need to consider ways to increase the job satisfaction of nurses working in stroke rehabilitation settings.