重症监护室严重脓毒症患儿死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨儿童重症监护室(PICU)严重脓毒症患儿死亡的危险因素.方法 对我院PICU 80例严重脓毒症患儿,应用巢式病例对照研究方法进行分析,研究因素包括一般生物学特征、生命体征、基础疾病、感染部位、并发症、治疗措施等22个变量,做单因素分析,并采用Logistic回归进行多因素分析.结果 严重脓毒症患儿病死率为47.50%(38/80),基础疾病以先天性心脏病最多,革兰阴性杆菌感染为主,48.75%合并急性呼吸衰竭,42.50%并发脓毒性休克.脓毒症伴1、2、3及＞3个器官功能衰竭病死率分别为12.00%、52.60%、66.70%及71.40%.存活组和死亡组患者舒张压、平均动脉压、毛细血管再充盈时间、24 h尿量、pH值、血清乳酸、肺部感染、尿路感染、合并休克、多器官功能衰竭(MODS)受累脏器、国内小儿危重病例评分(PCIS)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元Logistic回归分析显示,MODS受累脏器、平均动脉压、24 h尿量、血清乳酸、PCIS是严重脓毒症患儿死亡的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 儿童严重脓毒症病死率高,MODS、平均动脉压和24 h尿量下降、血清乳酸增高、PCIS＜70分是疾病死亡的危险因素.     

儿童严重脓毒症死亡危险因素探讨

目的总结严重脓毒症的临床特征,探讨严重脓毒症死亡的危险因素,以利于临床对该病的早期认识,提高严重脓毒症的抢救成功率。方法对2014年8月～2018年5月于我院儿童重症监护室(pediatric intensive care unit,PICU)确诊为严重脓毒症的83例患儿进行回顾性分析,记录患儿严重脓毒症的发流行病学等共24个因素。同时运用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析对因素进行分析,了解儿童严重脓毒症死亡的独立危险因素。结果83例患儿,死亡20例,病死率24.09%;其中脓毒性休克37例,机械通气41例,合并1、2、3个及以上脏器功能障碍者病死率分别为2.1%(1/47)、17.6%(3/17)、84.2%(16/19)。原发病以肺炎、中枢神经系统感染及消化系统疾病为主,呼吸系统疾病居严重脓毒症死亡原发病首位。单因素分析显示,低血压、机械通气、血乳酸值、血红蛋白、血清总蛋白(total protein,TP)、血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、多脏器功能不全综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)受累脏器数、小儿危重病例(PCIS)评分与严重脓毒症死亡相关。将单因素分析结果中有统计学意义的8个影响因素进行多因素条件Logistic回归分析,结果显示仍然有血清乳酸值、PCIS评分及MODS受累脏器数3个影响因素与死亡有关(P0.05)。结论儿童严重脓毒症病死率高,血清乳酸增高、PCIS评分低和MODS是疾病死亡的独立危险因素。     

儿童重症监护室90例脓毒症患儿死亡的相关因素分析

目的探讨儿童重症监护室(PICU)脓毒症患儿死亡的相关因素。方法将我院PICU在2007年2月至2011年9月间收治的90例脓毒症患儿分为存活组和死亡组,对基础疾病、并发症及治疗措施等方面的变量进行单因素分析,并且应用Logistic回归做多因素分析。结果通过单因素分析显示存活患儿的平均动脉压、血小板数、尿路感染、MODS受累脏器、PCIS分、7d内最高PRISM、休克、毛细血管再充盈时间、24h尿量及血清白蛋白与死亡患儿对比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析显示休克、MODS受累脏器、24h尿量、PCIS评分、血小板数目及血清白蛋白与脓毒症患儿死亡的密切相关。结论 PCIS分、休克、MODS受累脏器、24h尿量、血小板减少及血清白蛋白是导致脓毒症死亡的相关危险因素,对其正确的认识可为临床的诊断及治疗提供参考依据。     

急性脑血管病并发MODS的临床特征与对策

目的　探讨急性脑血管疾病 (ACVD)并发多器官功能障碍综合症 (MODS)的临床特征及防治对策。方法　对 42例ACVD并发MODS的病例资料进行临床分析。结果　 42例中 ,受累衰竭器官总计 1 31个 ,平均 3 .1个 ,死亡人数 2 7例 ,病死率 64 .3 %。结论　ACVD并发MODS时病死率与脏器数目有关 ,积极治疗原发病 ,有效控制感染 ,加强脏器功能保护与支持是降低MODS病死率的关键。     

多器官功能障碍综合征患者死亡危险因素分析

目的探讨多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者死亡危险因素。方法回顾性分析203例MODS患者的年龄、器官累计率、病死率、基础病、脏器受损及衰竭情况。结果 MODS患者经治疗和护理后,治愈95例,治愈率46.80%;死亡108例,病死率53.20%。老年患者、合并有基础疾病者病死率较高,病死率随受累器官数目的增加而增高。结论 MODS病死率高,既往健康状况、功能衰竭器官数目是主要死亡危险因素,有针对性地进行治疗和护理干预,对于改善预后有重要意义。     

儿科重症监护病房脓毒症患病现状调查分析

目的:探讨儿科重症监护病房脓毒症的发病状况及多脏器功能障碍与预后的关系。方法:对169例脓毒症患儿的临床资料进行分析,调查脓毒症患病率,病死率,病原菌及预后,并行Chi-Square检验。结果:入院后经积极抗感染,液体复苏等相关抢救治疗措施,脓毒症的病死率为31.4%,尤其是重症脓毒症的病死率达50.8%,儿科重症监护病房内脓毒症发病率达5.7%。原发感染多见于肺部感染,其次肠源性感染,再次为皮肤感染,病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌占首位,其次为肺炎链球菌,大肠杆菌等,其他菌种及病毒相对较少。结论:目前脓毒症在儿科已引起足够的重视,保护重要脏器功能,预防多脏器功能衰竭及DIC已经成为脓毒症的治疗关键。     

新生儿多器官功能障碍综合征的临床研究

目的了解危重新生儿多器官功能障碍的常见原发病及预后。方法回顾性分析188例危重新生儿的临床资料。结果全组188例危重儿,102例出现程度不等的器官功能损害,56例为多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS),死亡17例,MODS病死率30.4%(17/56)。发生肺、心、脑、胃肠道、肾、肝及凝血系统方面功能障碍构成比为34.6%,19.4%,15.7%,13.1%,9.9%,6.3%,1.0%;1-5个器官功能障碍时病死率分别为2.2%,12.5%,43.8%,71.40.0%;窒息、缺氧缺血性脑病,吸入性肺炎,败血症者易发生MODS。结论MODS在NICU中发生率及病死率均高,预后与发生障碍器官的严重度、数目有关。     

严重脓毒症患儿血小板减少原因剖析及处理对策分析

目的结合血常规、凝血功能及骨髓细胞学检查,探讨严重脓毒症患儿血小板减少的原因及临床处理措施。方法 72例严重脓毒症患儿根据预后分为死亡组及存活组,对血小板计数变化与预后关系进行分析;结合凝血功能监测与骨髓细胞学检查分析血小板减少的原因。结果死亡组与存活组相比,入院当天及入院后第7天血小板计数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。29例血小板减少患儿中,20例(68.97%)伴有凝血功能异常;9例(31.03%)骨髓巨核系成熟障碍;13例血小板<50×109/L中给予积极处理11例(84.62%),纠正7例(63.64%),死亡4例(36.36%);未能积极处理2例(15.38%),全部死亡。结论血小板持续进行性下降提示预后差。血小板减少有两大原因,一是凝血功能障碍致血小板过度消耗;二是骨髓巨核系成熟障碍。二者处理措施有别,针对病因积极处理可显著改善预后。     

慢性肺心病并多器官功能障碍综合征42例临床分析

目的：探讨慢性肺心病并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者临床及预后特点，并分析其预后影响因素。方法：对本院1998年至2001年共42例慢性肺心病(CPHD)合并MODS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：患者的病死率为40．5％。在各器官功能障碍中，以肺脏、心脏、中根神经系统、肾脏、肝脏功能障碍的发生率最高。患者病死率随受累的脏器数目的增加而增加。结论：MODS受累的脏器越多，预后越差。     

儿童铜绿假单胞菌脓毒症的临床特征及预后相关因素分析

目的探讨儿童铜绿假单胞菌(PA)脓毒症的临床特征及预后相关因素。方法收集2010年1月到2017年12月在我院住院治疗的46例PA脓毒症患儿,按疾病预后分死亡组与存活组,收集并分析其临床表现、辅助检查等资料,对可能影响预后的相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果①46例PA脓毒症患儿中,男29例,女17例。年龄在6小时～14岁5月,其中年龄1岁以内占73. 9%(34/46)。58. 7%(27/46)存在院内感染、76. 1%(35/46)有ICU治疗史和呼吸机使用史、23. 9%(11/46)有血液滤过治疗、13%(6/46)有深静脉置管、6. 5%(3/46)治疗过程中有使用糖皮质激素。②PA脓毒症临床特征多样,最常见感染部位为呼吸道,占56. 5%(26/46),其次为消化道32. 6%(15/46)、皮肤6. 5%(3/46)等。存在多脏器功能障碍:呼吸系统功能障碍76. 1%(35/46),凝血功能障碍54. 3%(25/46)、肝功能障碍56. 5%(26/46)、神经系统功能障碍54. 3%(25/46)、感染性休克30. 4%(14/46)肾功能障碍19. 6%(9/46)。6. 5%(3/46)患儿存在皮肤损害,主要表现为坏疽性脓疱疹。③34. 8%(16/46)患儿死亡。单因素分析结果显示与预后不良相关的因素有基础疾病、凝血功能障碍、器官功能障碍数目、1h后抗菌治疗(P<0. 05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,提示器官功能障碍数目[OR=3. 470,95%CI (1. 222,9. 855),P=0. 020]、1h后抗菌治疗[OR=16. 302,95%CI (1. 923,138. 229),P=0. 010]是与预后不良相关的独立危险因素。结论儿童铜绿假单胞菌脓毒症多见于院内感染,好发于1岁以内婴幼儿,有类固醇激素治疗、使用呼吸机、有创操作、烧伤等基础疾病的患儿易感。其临床表现不典型,最常见呼吸系统感染,其次可见于消化道及皮肤感染等,可致多器官功能障碍,尤其是呼吸系统功能障碍。器官功能障碍数目、1h后抗菌治疗是PA脓毒症预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.