Active oxygen radicals produced by the leukocytes in patients with malignant lymphoma

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the active oxygen radicals produced during the respiratory burst of PMA-stimulated leukocytes and the oxygen consumption were studied with ESR spin trapping technique and spin probe oximetry for 31 times in 17 cases of malignant lymphoma. The results showed that the spectra produced from the PMA-stimulated patients' leukocytes were dominantly spin adducts of DMPO-hydroxyl radicals, DMPO-OH; and the decrease of oxygen consumption during respiratory burst suggested that the function on respiratory burst, was inhibited. From the results of kinetic observations of the patients conditions, it was shown that the respiratory burst and oxygen consumption were improved, even close to normal, when the patient's condition was in remission or amelioration. This paper is the first to report the active oxygen radicals produced from malignant lymphoma patient's leukocytes with ESR. This is helpful for a better understanding of the mechanism of cancerous proliferation and metastasis.     

冬凌草甲素对活性氧自由基的清除作用(英文)

目的：研究冬凌草甲素对不同模型系统产生的活性氧自由基的清除作用。方法：自由基检测用电子自旋共振自由基旋捕集技术和化学发光法。结果：二种方法检测均发现Ｏｒｉｄ明显清除黄嘌呤／黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的超氧自由基（Ｏ－２）以及Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应中的羟自由基（·ＯＨ）．Ｏｒｉｄ１７０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ对Ｏ－２和·ＯＨ的清除率分别为４９４％和７５２％。Ｏｒｉｄ对多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）呼吸爆发时产生活性氧自由基同样显示明显清除作用。在本实验条件下,Ｏｒｉｄ并不影响ＰＭＮ呼吸爆发时的氧消耗。结论：Ｏｒｉｄ可能是一个抗氧化剂。     

Free radicals in gasphase of cigarette smoke by electron spin resonance spin trapping technic

The free radicals in gasphase of cigarette smoke were determined by use of spin trapping agents PBN (N-tert-butyl-2-phenyl nitrone) and DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide) on electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. The free radicals were identified according to the spectrum parameters calculated from the spectra. The free radicals mainly consist of alkoxyl and alkyl free radicals, of which alkoxyl free radicals make up 60-70% of the total spectral component. There are a few of other unidentified free radicals. These free radicals are very active and reactive. They can damage cells and lead to some diseases. This will play an important role in scavenging the free radicals and in preventing some diseases caused by the free radicals of cigarette smoke.     

海风藤酮及其类似物抗氧化活性研究

用自旋捕捉与自旋标记电子顺磁共振法研究发现海风藤酮及其类似物３５９－１１均有一定的抗氧化能力。对人红细胞膜的氧化性损伤有相当程度的保护作用，并与其结构有关。海风藤酮的作用强于３５９－１１。     

山羊烟雾吸入伤后早期肺损伤与活性氧变化的关系

本文通过慢性肺淋巴瘘,动态观察了清醒山羊(N=15)严重烟雾吸入伤后早期肺损伤与活性氧变化的关系。实验观察6h。检测SOD活性作为反映O_2~-的变化;EVLW、QL、L/P等作为反映肺损伤的指标。 实验结果表明,伤后均较早出现严重低氧血症、代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性碱中毒,EVLW及QL伤后1h即明显增加,光镜下见肺间质和肺泡水肿。说明实验动物伤后出现了肺水肿和急性呼吸功能不全。在EVLW及QL增加的同时,CL、L/P及肺血管蛋白漏出量也增加,EVLW与L/P的变化密切相关。提示肺水肿主要系血管通透性增加所致。伤后肺淋巴液、动脉血活性氧变化比静脉血早,动脉血活性氧水平高于静脉血;肺组织、肺灌洗液活性氧及肺淋巴SOD清除重伤后均立即增加,表明吸入伤后活性氧立即增加,且主要来自肺部。活性氧的变化高峰与肺损伤程度的加重变化规律一致,且呈线性关系。提示活性氧可能参与了烟雾吸入伤后早期肺损伤、肺水肿发生和发展的作用。     

Consumption of mercury-contaminated rice induces oxidative stress and free radical aggravation in rats

Objective To study the oxidative stress induced by consumption of mercury-contaminated rice in rats, and to assess the possible public health risk of mercury contamination in Wanshan mining area. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were fed the mercury-contaminated rice produced from Wanshan area for 90 days. The antioxidant status and the free radicals in rat serum were evaluated. Results High mercury accumulation in organs of rats fed the mercury-contaminated rice confirmed the server pollution of mercury in Wanshan mining area. The intensity of electron spin resonance (ESR) signal increased by 87.38% in rats fed the rice from Wanshan compared with that in the control rats fed the rice from Shanghai, suggesting that chronic dietary consumption of rice from mercury mining area could induce an aggravation of free radicals. Feeding the mercury-contaminated rice was associated with significant decreases in the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and concentration of serum nitric oxide (NO), but it had no effect on serum nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Feeding the mercury-contaminated rice raised the level of serum malonyldialdehyde (MDA), indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Conclusion The long-term dietary consumption of mercury-contaminated rice induces the aggravation of free radicals and exerts oxidative stress.     

The role of oxygen free radicals in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

A series of experiments have been done to investigate the role of oxygen free radicals in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The following results were found: Myocardial MDA content increased significantly after post-ischemic reperfusion in vivo and in vitro. A blockade of the xanthine oxidase pathway for free radical generation could provide effective protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exogenous reactive oxygen intermediates H2O2, .OH and O2- could induce changes in the contractility and electrophysiological properties of myocardial cells similar to those seen in ischemia/reperfusion. An outburst of free radical generation was detected by ESR spectroscopy at low temperature (-173 degrees C) and with the spin trapping technique during the very early phase of reperfusion. The authors emphasize the important role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

对坐骨神经局部温度变化过程中氧自由基的研究

目的通过观察受冷周围神经局部氧自由基的水平及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(malonic dialdenhyde,MDA)的含量,探讨缺血-再灌注损伤在低温所致的周围神经损伤中的作用。方法实验分为两个大组:持续低温组与间断低温组。持续低温组又分为持续低温2h组及持续低温2h后复温组(复温组又包括复温4g、复温1d组、复温3d组);间断低温组包括间断低温2h组、间断低温2h后复温组(此复温组又分为复温4h、复温1d及复温3d组)。设定坐骨神经局部低温的温度在4℃±0.5℃。采用电子顺磁(ESR)技术测定不同时间点取材的氧自由基含量;坐骨神经匀浆后,按照试剂盒的方法测定脂质过氧化产物MDA的含量。结果(1)持续低温组:低温2h后,即刻取材测定的氧自由基含量有增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);复温后含量增加(P<0.05),其中以复温1d组最明显(P<0.01);(2)间断低温组:间断低温2h,即刻取材的氧自由基含量与对照侧比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),复温后氧自由基含量也呈进一步增加的趋势,其中复温1d组最显著(P<0.01);(3)MDA结果持续低温组与间断低温组:在低温结束即刻测定的MDA与对照侧比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),各复温组的MDA测定结果均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论温度的变化可以产生坐骨神经的缺血-再灌注损伤,氧自由基参与了损伤的过程。     

电子自旋共振测定大剂量VD引起大鼠心肌损害中氧自由基变化

许多试验结果提示组织损伤包括实验性心肌损伤与自由基的产生有密切的关系,但目前尚缺乏直接的证据。我们利用大剂量VD造成大鼠心肌损伤,L-甲硫氨酸作为心肌     

Electron spin resonance studies on the oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin of blood preserved at 20 degrees C]

In order to further understand the injurious change of erythrocytes during blood preservation at room temperature, we studied the denaturation of oxidative hemoglobin of blood preserved at 20 degrees C using electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. The results showed: when blood was preserved at 20 degrees C, there was ESR absorption of low spin hemichrome (g = 2) during the 204-hour preservation period; when the blood was preserved at 4 degrees C after it had been preserved at 20 degrees C for 24 hours, there were ESR absorption of the high spin methemoglobin (g = 6) and ESR absorption of low spin hemichrome (g = 2) during the 40-day preservation period. This study demonstrates that ESR absorption will increase when preservation time increases. When blood is preserved at 4 degrees C, no ESR absorption will emerge during 40 days' preservation.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治性切除术对中性粒细胞呼吸暴发功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜及开腹手术后,二者中性粒细胞呼吸暴发(respiratory burst)功能的变化,了解腹腔镜手术对中性粒细胞杀菌功能的影响.方法选取"直肠恶性肿瘤"患者20例,随机分为两组各10例,腹腔镜组(Laparoscopy)行经腹腔镜直肠癌根治性切除术,开腹组(Open)行开腹直肠癌根治性切除术作为对照.于术前、术后即刻、术后24h及72 h,抽取外周静脉血,行血常规检查,并分离中性粒细胞,经佛波酯(PMA)刺激后,用流式细胞仪检测呼吸暴发强度.结果腹腔镜直肠癌根治性切除术后,患者白细胞总数及中性粒细胞升高幅度及呼吸暴发强度在术后24及72 h明显低于开腹直肠癌根治性切除术后(P＜0.05).结论腹腔镜直肠癌根治性切除术后,中性粒细胞杀菌功能低于开腹直肠癌根治性切除术后.     

缺血预处理中释放的氧自由基对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 :检验预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用 ,研究氧自由基对缺血预处理的作用。方法 :采用大鼠肝脏原位缺血再灌注模型 ,评价缺血预处理中释放的氧自由基对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。结果 :缺血预处理明显减少AIJ、AST及LDH漏出 ,减少ATP消耗。氧自由基清除剂MPG可以完全破坏缺血预处理的保护作用。氧自由基可以模拟缺血预处理的保护作用 ,而蛋白激酶C抑制剂多粘菌素B可以阻断氧自由基的保护作用。结论 :缺血预处理中释放的氧自由基可以诱导缺血预处理的保护作用 ,蛋白激酶C参与了该保护机制。     

岛状皮瓣缺血/再灌流时氧自由基含量和脂质过氧化关系的研究

本实验用ESR测定岛状皮瓣在缺血/再灌流后自由基总量的变化和用TBA法测定了皮瓣组织再灌流后MDA的变化。结果表明岛状皮瓣在缺血/再灌流之后,氧自由基含量明显增加,脂质过氧化物含量也明显增高,并且两者间呈直线正相关。结果提示,氧自由基是造成岛状皮瓣再灌流损伤的主要病理因素,而造成损伤的直接原因则是氧自由基增加后所引起的脂质过氧化反应。     

单克隆抗体HIM82对人中性粒细胞钙离子和蛋白激酶及酪氨酸激酶？…

目的 研究单克隆抗体（单抗）ＨＩＭ８２对中性粒细胞（Ｎｐ）呼吸爆发产生的活性氧物质（ＲＯＳ）的调控作用,并探索ＨＩＭ８２对该调控作用相关联的信息传递途径的影响。方法 比较对照组与实验组（单抗结合组）在趋化物激活后,ＲＯＳ水平,对Ｇ蛋白抑制的影响,胞内水平,蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）,酪氨酸激酶（ＰＴＫ）活性的差异而判别该单抗对ＲＯＳ及有关信息途径的影响。结果 ＨＩＭ８２与Ｎｐ结合的阳性率达９５％以上（对     

己酮可可碱抗白细胞与内皮细胞粘附的研究

本实验用流室系统定量地研究了己酮可可碱在体外对健康人白细胞与培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞粘附的作用。实验结果表明：己酮可可碱可减少白细胞与内皮细胞的粘附，且己酮可可碱的这种抗粘附作用主要是通过作用于白细胞而实现的。     

SOD对鼠冷冻伤脑水肿的保护作用

用电子自旋共振技术(ESR)及自旋捕捉剂(PBN)直接检测冷冻伤及伤后应用SOD、甘露醇治疗的脑组织自由基动态改变;同时检测丙二醛(MDA)、SOD活性及脑组织水含量。结果治疗组和对照组相比,自由基、MDA、水含量明显降低(P<0.01)。SOD含量回升(P<0.01);SOD比甘露醇疗效更显著(P<0.05)。提示SOD、甘露醇都有抗自由基作用;超氧阴离子自由基O_2~(?)在病理性自由基反应中具有重要作用。     

血小板第四因子（PF4）对人中性粒细胞粘附性与呼吸爆发的调节作用

目的：研究血小板第四因子（PF4）对人中性粒细胞（Np)功能的影响。方法：用结晶紫染色、免疫荧光标记、PKC试剂盒测定、NBT法及高香草酸（HVA）荧光分光光度法比较对照组与PF4作用的实验组在趋化因子刺激前后,PF4性粒细胞总粘附性、整合蛋白CD11b的表达、PKC水平及呼吸爆发作用产生活性氧物质（reactive oxygen species,ROS)O2^-、H2O2等的影响。结果：PF4对静息中性粒细胞总粘附性有轻度的增强作用,使总粘附性上调了12．24％（P＜0．01）,而对整合蛋白CD11b的表达、呼吸爆发产生的ROS（O2^-、H2O2）则无影响。进一步研究发现PF4使经趋化三肽（FMLP）活化的中性粒细胞的总粘附性下调17．47％（P＜0．01）;使经趋化三肽（FMLP）活化的中性粒细胞的整合蛋白CD11b的表达下调18．84％（P＜0．01）;使经佛波酯（PMA）活化的中性粒细胞的呼吸爆发作用产生的O2^-、H2O2分别下调了50．29％（P＜0．01）、226．53％（P＜0．05）。研究同时发现PF4对静息及活化的中性粒细胞的PKC水平均无影响。结论：首次证明PF4与其它经典的趋化因子不同,是中性粒细胞活化的一个负调节因子,对中性粒细胞功能主要起降调节的作用。这种降调卫作用不是通过PKC信号转导途径完成的。     

Quench effect of metallothionein on free radical signal in post-ischemic reperfusion of isolated rat hearts]

Signals of N-tert-butyl-phenyl-nitrone (PBN) spin adducts were observed during post-ischemic reperfusion in isolated rat hearts using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and ESR spin-trap PBN. The intensity of signals was related to the time course of ischemia. The intensity of the signals produced during reperfusion after 40 minutes of ischemia was remarkably higher than that of 20 minutes of ischemia. Metallothionein (MT) did quench the adduct signals and the extent of quenching of the signals by this protein was dose-dependent. The signal intensity was decreased to 40% of corresponding control at the concentration of 5 x 10(-6) mol/L. It is a kind of endogenetic protein rich in cysteine residue and divalent metal ions. It is believed to be a promising cytoprotective drug in clinical medicine.     

粒细胞NADPH氧化酶在犬烟雾吸入伤中的变化及意义

本实验利用犬烟雾吸入伤模型。观察了致伤前后粒细胞NADPH氧化酶活性的变化,显示其伤后活性增加,提示粒细胞及其活性氧代谢产物参与了犬烟雾吸入性肺损伤的发生发展,同时观察了血气、病检,肺含水量等指标,证实动物存在严重吸入性肺损伤。     

血糖波动对糖尿病患者外周血白细胞磷酸己糖旁路代谢及呼吸爆发的影响

目的观察血糖波动对2型糖尿病患者外周白细胞磷酸己糖旁路（HMP）关键酶——葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）活性、
G6PDmRNA表达及呼吸爆发功能的变化,探讨血糖波动对白细胞呼吸爆发的影响。方法选取45例2型糖尿病患者,通过动态
血糖监测评估其血糖波动情况,同时检测外周血白细胞G6PD活性及G6PDmRNA表达,并通过检测白细胞活性氧（ROS）产量
评价其呼吸爆发功能,研究血糖波动对白细胞HMP旁路代谢及呼吸爆发功能的影响。结果与正常人相比,糖尿病患者外周血
白细胞G6PD活性（F=78.739, P<0.05）及ROS含量明显降低（F=384.962,P<0.05）,G6PDmRNA的表达均明显升高（F=269.612,
P<0.01）,且与血糖波动幅度密切相关。结论血糖控制不稳可使白细胞内G6PD活性下降、磷酸已糖旁路代谢紊乱,从而导致
其呼吸爆发功能受损。平稳降糖有利于减少糖尿病并感染。