Active oxygen radicals produced by the leukocytes in patients with malignant lymphoma

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the active oxygen radicals produced during the respiratory burst of PMA-stimulated leukocytes and the oxygen consumption were studied with ESR spin trapping technique and spin probe oximetry for 31 times in 17 cases of malignant lymphoma. The results showed that the spectra produced from the PMA-stimulated patients' leukocytes were dominantly spin adducts of DMPO-hydroxyl radicals, DMPO-OH; and the decrease of oxygen consumption during respiratory burst suggested that the function on respiratory burst, was inhibited. From the results of kinetic observations of the patients conditions, it was shown that the respiratory burst and oxygen consumption were improved, even close to normal, when the patient's condition was in remission or amelioration. This paper is the first to report the active oxygen radicals produced from malignant lymphoma patient's leukocytes with ESR. This is helpful for a better understanding of the mechanism of cancerous proliferation and metastasis.     

Role of oxygen radicals in adriamycin-induced nephrosis.

The mechanism of cellular processes responsible for proteinuria induced by adriamycin (ADR) remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether oxygen radicals contribute to the development of proteinuria in ADR-induced nephrosis. The peak concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) of kidney was found on 8th day after ADR treatment in rats. ADR-treated rats received either superoxide dismutase (SOD, scavenger of O2-, catalase (CAT, scavenger of . H2O2) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, scavenger of OH). The SOD, CAT or DMSO treated groups had a significant suppression of urinary protein excretion, serum and renal MDA compared to ADR control group. There were also less severe renal morphologic changes in the former three groups vs the ADR controls. These data provide indirect evidence that oxygen radicals generated by ADR are important mediators of ADR-induced proteinuria.

     

白细胞在缺血再灌注损伤心肌中产生氧自由基的作用

目的 采用在体犬心肌缺血再灌注动物实验模型,通过去白细胞技术,研究白细胞在缺血再灌注损伤心肌中产生氧自由基的作用。方法 利用顺磁共振波谱仪直接测定肌缺血再灌注的不同阶段氧自由基的产生。结果 存在白细胞浸润的心肌中氧自由基的产生显著增加;无明显白细胞浸润的心肌中氧自由基的产生明显减少（ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 白细胞是氧自由基的重要来源。提示去白细胞血再灌注,可以获得良好的心肌保护。     

儿童颅内恶性淋巴瘤9例分析

目的分析儿童颅内恶性淋巴瘤的临床特点及治疗转归,以提高对此类少见疾病的认识。方法回顾分析12年(1992~2004)手术病理证实的9例儿童颅内淋巴瘤临床资料。结果儿童颅内恶性淋巴瘤包括原发性恶性淋巴瘤及颅骨淋巴瘤,前者多以颅内压增高症状起病,影像学表现为脑内等高信号、明显强化病灶;后者临床症状以头皮下肿物多见,影像学表现为颅骨破坏伴大块软组织肿块,伴明显强化;通过手术、放疗、化疗,但治疗效果不佳。结论儿童颅内恶性淋巴瘤的临床及影像表现缺乏特异性,需手术或活检才可作出定性诊断。     

恶性淋巴瘤WHO新分类的临床意义

传统上 ,恶性淋巴瘤分成霍奇金瘤 (ＨＤ)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (ＮＨＬ)两大类。不同类型淋巴瘤的临床表现、治疗和预后各不相同 ;即使同一类型淋巴瘤的不同形态学变型 ,其生物学行为也会有差异。因此 ,恶性淋巴瘤的诊断和正确分类具有重要的临床意义。恶性淋巴瘤 ,尤其是ＮＨＬ的分类非常复杂。七十年代 ,国际上应用较多的ＮＨＬ分类有英国国家淋巴瘤研究小组 (ＢＮＬＩ)分类、Ｋｉｅｌ分类、Ｒａｐｐａ ｐｏｒｔ修改分类、Ｄｏｒｆｍａｎ分类、Ｌｕｋｅｓ Ｃｏｌｌｉｎｓ分类和世界卫生组织 (ＷＨＯ)分类。这六大分类所应用的术语和分类原则各…     

TNF诱导肿瘤细胞产生氧自由基

目的：了解氧自由基的产生与ＴＮＦ抗肿瘤活性之间的关系。方法：采用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ摄入法测定ＴＮＦ对胃癌细胞株Ｘ－１０８、卵巢癌细胞株３ＡＯ和ＡＯ肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性；用细胞色素Ｃ氧化法测定靶细胞经ＴＮＦ刺激后产生的超氧离子水平。结果：ＴＮＦ对Ｘ－１０８、ＡＯ有较明显的杀伤活性，３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ摄入量的降低与ＴＮＦ浓度的增加一致，而３ＡＯ则对ＴＮＦ呈明显的抵抗。Ｘ－１０８细胞株在经ＴＮＦ处理８ｈ后即可检测出超氧离子，并且在２４ｈ后达到高峰。Ｘ－１０８和ＡＯ细胞内超氧离子的水平与ＴＮＦ的剂量有关。对于抵抗ＴＮＦ的３ＡＯ卵巢癌细胞株，其超氧离子的水平与对照组无明显差别。阿霉素能够增强ＴＮＦ诱导氧自由基的能力。结论：ＴＮＦ的受体后效应——自由基的产生可能是ＴＮＦ杀伤靶细胞的重要机制之一。     

Oncogenes, oncogenesis, and oxygen radicals

The role that free radicals in general and oxygen radicals in particular play in carcinogenesis has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The oxygen radicals are undesirable but inevitable products of aerobic metabolism in the normal living cell. The cellular antioxidant defense system maintains an appropriate balance between necessary oxidative events and those that are excessive. When this critical balance cannot be maintained because of the overloading of the cellular redox system, oxygen radicals can induce cell damage. They can influence carcinogenesis by inducing DNA damage from direct oxidation or indirectly from DNA-binding products of lipid peroxidation. Oxygen radicals can induce conformational changes in the plasma membrane by lipid peroxidation and protein degradation, thus influencing membrane-associated cellular activities. They are capable of affecting membrane-bound protein kinases, growth factors and their receptors, and, therefore, signal transduction and oncogene activation. Thus, the oxygen radicals can have a major influence on oncogenes and oncogenesis.     

Primary malignant lymphoma cutis.

Between 1934 and 1975, 16 patients with primary malignant lymphoma cutis were seen at the Ottawa clinic of the Ontario Cancer Foundation. The lesions were purplish, firm, dermal or hypodermal (or both) nodules, tumours and plaques. In all 16 the histopathologic diagnosis was diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 12 were considered to have prognostically bad lymphomas. However, the prognosis of primary malignant lymphoma cutis is significantly more favourable than is implied by the stage IV designation that such localized extranodal involvement would have required under the Rye clinical staging classification.     

Hypercalcaemia in malignant lymphoma.

Three patients with malignant lymphoma complicated by hypercalaemia without radiological bone abnormality are described. The medical literature has been reviewed and the possible underlying mechansims discussed. The early diagnosis of this potentially fatal complication is important since this may respond (together with the underlying disease) to appropriate chemotherapy.     

Methimazole and generation of oxygen radicals by monocytes: potential role in immunosuppression

A study was conducted investigating the possibility that the immunosuppressive action of methimazole (the active metabolite of the antithyroid drug carbimazole) might be due to an effect on the production of oxygen radicals by monocytes. Techniques comprised measurement of luminol dependent chemoluminescence in monocytes and a spectrophotometric assay for production of hydrogen peroxide. The results showed definite inhibition of formation of oxygen radicals by resting and stimulated monocytes, which may explain the immunosuppressive action of the drug in Graves' disease. The findings also suggest that the formation of oxygen radicals and the initiation of the immune response may be closely related.     

骨恶性淋巴瘤的影像学诊断

目的：探讨骨恶性淋巴瘤影像学表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析29例经手术病理证实的骨恶性淋巴瘤的临床和影像学资料，29例患者均行相应部位X线及CT检查，17例行MRI检查。结果：X线、CT表现为骨质破坏溶骨型6例，浸润型12例，骨质硬化型3例，混合型8例，包绕病骨生长并超越骨病变范围的软组织肿块14例，CT增强扫描呈中等均匀或不均匀强化；MRI表现为T2WI呈等或稍高信号12倒。呈明显均匀或不均匀强化。结论：X线对骨恶性淋巴瘤的检查有重要作用，其象牙椎、椎体多骨多灶性破坏、长骨溶骨性破坏等对本病有重要诊断价值。CT对本病的骨质破坏、硬化反应、骨膜反应、软组织侵犯等观察优于x线。MRI相对特征影像学特点为骨膜反应轻、T2WI稍高信号、软组织肿块较大、增强扫描不均匀强化。MRI对淋巴瘤浸犯性破坏所致的早期骨质改变。以及发现骨髓的早期侵犯优于x线和CT。     

原发性膀胱恶性淋巴瘤

目的：提高对原发性膀胱恶性淋巴瘤的早期诊断。方法：通过免疫组化方法对４例原发性膀胱恶性淋巴瘤进行病理分型,并对其临床表现,诊断,治疗及预后进行讨论。结果：临床主要表现：血尿,排尿困难,尿频。膀胱镜检查可见片状或半球形规则或不规则突起,表面粘膜常光滑。４例经免疫组化检查均为Ｂ细胞淋巴瘤,其中低度恶性粘膜相关淋巴瘤３例（ＣＤ２０＋／ＣＤ１０－／ＣＤ５－）,滤泡中心细胞淋巴瘤１例（ＣＤ２０＋／ＣＤ１０＋     

Primary malignant lymphoma of lung.

Primary malignant lymphoma of the lung is a rare variety of lymphosarcoma, to be distinguished from secondary lung involvement in disseminated malignant lymphoma. The condition tends to remain localized to the lung, and lymph nodes are not involved. The prognosis is better than in disseminated malignant lymphoma, and in the case described here a 35-year-old woman was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy and survived 20 years.