福建省2016年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析福建省2016年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况,为福建省恶性肿瘤防治提供理论依据。方法 整理与评估2016年福建省恶性肿瘤登记数据。将符合标准的数据根据性别、年龄和部位分别计算发病率和死亡率,结合2016年福建省户籍人口,估计福建省恶性肿瘤发病数和死亡数。结果 据估计,2016年福建省新发恶性肿瘤107 498例,死亡61 872例。全省恶性肿瘤发病率为286.72/10万,中标率210.24/10万。全省恶性肿瘤死亡率为165.03/10万,中标率113.90/10万。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和甲状腺癌是福建省最常见的恶性肿瘤。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是福建省主要的恶性肿瘤死亡原因。结论 目前福建省癌症负担较重,应加强对肺癌、胃癌和肝癌等恶性肿瘤的防治工作。     

Twenty-year outcome of prevalence,incidence, mortality and survival rate in patients with malignant bone tumors

Malignant bone tumors are a group of rare malignant tumors and our study aimed to update the recent epidemiologic estimates based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Patients diagnosed with malignant bone tumors from 2000 to 2019 were included and their characteristics were retrospectively described. The limited-duration prevalence, annual age-adjusted incidence and mortality were calculated, and the annual percentage changes were analyzed to quantify the rate change. Finally, observed survival and relative survival rate were illustrated. Subgroup analysis across tumor type, age, gender, tumor Grade, primary tumor site and stage was also performed. As for results, a total of 11 655 eligible patients with malignant bone tumor were selected. Osteosarcoma was the most common tumor type, followed by chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chordoma. The estimated limited-duration prevalence of malignant bone tumors increased from 2000 (0.00069%) to 2018 (0.00749%). Steady age-adjusted incidence was observed in all patients during the study period while the highest rate occurred in osteosarcoma. Mortality rates differed in subgroups while elder patients (older than 64 years) presented the highest mortality rate compared to other age groups. In all bone tumors, the 10-year observed survival and relative survival rates were 58.0% and 61.9%, respectively. Chondrosarcoma patients had the best survival outcome, followed by osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chordoma and other bone tumors. In conclusion, different epidemiologic performance in incidence and mortality was observed across tumor type as well as other demographic and clinicopathological variables, which provide potential suggestion for further adjustment of medical resource.     

Age, gender, and racial differences in incidence and survival in primary CNS lymphoma

Background:

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare subtype of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for ∼4% of newly diagnosed central nervous system (CNS) tumours. The objective of this study was to analyse the epidemiology, incidence, and outcome of these rare tumours.

Methods:

Primary brain and CNS lymphoma cases were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) research data sets for the years 1980–2008 for analysis of trends in incidence and survival. SEER^*Stat v. 7.0.4 software was used to analyse the data.

Results:

The overall incidence rate of PCNSL was 0.47 per 100 000 person-years. The incidence was significantly higher in males compared with females, blacks aged 0–49 years at diagnosis compared with whites, and whites aged 50 years and older at diagnosis compared with blacks. After a significant decline in incidence between 1995 and 1999, incidence rates rose slightly; those aged 75+ years at diagnosis had the most dramatic increase in incidence rates over time. Five-year survival rates were significantly higher in whites compared with blacks aged 0–49 years at diagnosis, but was primarily driven by white women aged 0–49 years.

Conclusion:

There is an increase in incidence of PCNSL in the elderly, and elderly blacks have lower incidence compared with white population. Survival remains poor and is negatively dominated by factors associated with HIV infection and advanced age.     

2016年陕西省恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 研究2016年陕西省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡情况.方法 收集陕西省23个肿瘤登记地区的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算发病(死亡)率、标化发病(死亡)率以及累积发病(死亡)率(0～74岁).结果 2016年陕西省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率为212.40/10万,中标率为142.42/10万,世标率为152.2...     

济宁市市中区2012年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

目的探讨济宁市市中区2012年恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡特征。方法按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准,对济宁市市中区报告的2012年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料进行评估,计算性别、年龄别发病率和死亡率等指标,并采用2000年全国普查人口结构和Segi’s世界人口结构对发病率和死亡率进行标化。结果 2012年济宁市市中区肿瘤登记报告数据死亡发病比(M/I)为0.39,病理诊断比例MV(%)为46.81%。全区恶性肿瘤发病率为230.61/10万,中国人口标准化(中标)发病率为175.11/10万,世界人口标准化(世标)发病率为171.19/10万,累积发病率(0~74岁)为20.04%;死亡率为90.95/10万,中标死亡率为66.13/10万,世标死亡率为66.41/10万,累积死亡率(0~74岁)为7.39%。恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率在0~39岁年龄段均处于较低水平,>40岁开始快速升高。肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、甲状腺癌和肾癌位居全区恶性肿瘤发病率前10位,肺癌、肝癌、食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、乳腺癌和膀胱癌位居全区恶性肿瘤死亡率前10位。结论济宁市市中区2012年肿瘤登记报告数据的完整性和准确性较差,肺癌和消化系统癌症是威胁济宁市市中区居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤,>40岁人群是恶性肿瘤的高危人群,女性乳腺癌和甲状腺癌高发应引起重视。     

2015年海南省农村地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析海南省2015年农村地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况,为肿瘤防治工作提供科学依据.方法 利用海南省4个农村地区上报的恶性肿瘤发病、死亡信息,按性别、年龄别计算农村地区的发病(死亡)率、标化发病(死亡)率、0～74岁累积发病(死亡)率,并汇总发病和死亡前10位的恶性肿瘤.结果 2015年海南省4个农村地区肿瘤登记覆盖...     

2017年海南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析2017年海南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况。方法 收集海南省2017年6个肿瘤登记处恶性肿瘤的发病、死亡以及人口资料,经数据质量核查后按性别、地区和年龄进行分层,计算发病和死亡粗率、构成比、0～74岁累积率及标化率,并汇总发病和死亡前10位的恶性肿瘤。结果 2017年海南省肿瘤登记覆盖人口占总人口的23.19%,恶性肿瘤新发病例5 504例,发病率、中标率、世标率、0～74岁累积率分别为260.71/10万、213.29/10万、207.88/10万、24.32%;恶性肿瘤死亡病例2 585例,死亡率、中标率、世标率、0～74岁累积率分别为122.44/10万、95.27/10万、94.05/10万、11.05%。男性发病率和死亡率均高于女性,男女发病率均从25～岁年龄组开始上升,并分别于65～岁年龄组和80～岁年龄组达到高峰,死亡率均从35～岁年龄组开始上升,并于80～岁年龄组达到高峰。城市地区发病率高于农村地区,但死亡率低于农村地区。发病前10位恶性肿瘤分别为肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、口腔癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌,死亡前10位恶性肿瘤分别为肝...     

2015—2017年哈尔滨市恶性肿瘤发病与死亡特征分析

目的 描述2015—2017年哈尔滨市恶性肿瘤的流行现状,为肿瘤防控提供科学依据。方法 通过“哈尔滨市恶性肿瘤发病死亡登记报告系统”收集哈尔滨市恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡资料,对恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡分布进行描述。结果 2015—2017年间哈尔滨市报告恶性肿瘤新发病例77379例,死亡病例49450例。哈尔滨市恶性肿瘤发病率为243.51/10万,中标发病率为171.76/10万,死亡率为155.62/10万,中标死亡率为106.79/10万。恶性肿瘤发病前5位的依次是肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、乳腺癌和肝癌,死亡前5位的依次是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌。结论 哈尔滨市恶性肿瘤负担较重,肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌和女性乳腺癌是威胁居民的主要恶性肿瘤。     

Whole abdominal irradiation for tumors of the uterine corpus

Between November 1981 and December 1985, 16 patients with high-risk tumors of the uterine corpus were treated with a postoperative course of whole abdominal-pelvic irradiation. Thirteen patients had carcinomas and three had sarcomas. All patients had complete pelvic surgery including extrafascial (or modified radical) hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic node sampling, evaluation of peritoneal cytology, and resection of extrauterine metastases when indicated. All patients were free of gross visible tumor after surgery. Target doses of radiation were 3000 cGy to the upper abdomen and 4500 cGy to the pelvis. Median follow-up was 24 months for survivors (range, 17 to 63 months). The disease-free survival and overall survival at 17 months was 50%. Six of the 16 (38%) patients suffered intraabdominal relapse. One patient had a significant complication (bowel perforation). The data from this pilot study suggest that whole abdominal-pelvic irradiation may be useful only in the management of some patients with few high risk features of endometrial carcinoma. Patients with extensive extra-uterine involvement and with sarcoma histology do not appear to benefit from this experimental therapy.     

2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 对2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区的癌症发病率和死亡率进行分析,为癌症的预防和控制提供了基础依据.方法 通过中国肿瘤登记平台收集符合质量控制要求的6个肿瘤登记地区发病死亡数据及人口数据.按城乡、性别、年龄别划分,分别计算发病(死亡)率、中标率、世标率、构成比、0～74岁累积发病(死亡)率和前10位癌症发病死亡情况.结...     

Explaining racial differences in prostate cancer mortality

BACKGROUND:

In the United States, black males have an annual death rate from prostate cancer that is 2.4 times that of white males. The reasons for this are poorly understood.

METHODS:

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database, 77,038 black and white males aged >65 years were identified with a first primary diagnosis of prostate cancer between 1995 and 2005, as well as 49,769 controls. The racial gap in mortality was decomposed to differential incidence and stage‐specific prostate cancer mortality. The importance of various clinical and socioeconomic factors to each of these components was then examined.

RESULTS:

The estimated mortality gap for prostate cancer–specific mortality was 1320 more cases per 100,000 males among black than white men. This gap was due to higher prostate cancer incidence among black males (76%) and higher stage‐specific mortality once diagnosed (24%). Differences in prostate‐specific antigen testing, comorbidities, and income explained 29% of the difference in metastatic cancer incidence but none of the racial gap for local/regional incidence. Conditional on diagnosis, tumor characteristics explained 50% of the racial gap, comorbidities an additional 4%, choice of treatment and physician 17%, and socioeconomic factors 15%. Overall, approximately 25% of the racial gap in mortality and 86% of the gap in mortality conditional on diagnosis could be explained.

CONCLUSIONS:

More frequent prostate‐specific antigen testing for black and low‐income males could potentially reduce the prostate cancer mortality gap through earlier diagnosis of tumors that otherwise may become metastatic. More aggressive treatment of prostate cancer, especially in poor communities, might also reduce the gap. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

Diagnostic endoscopy for malignant uterine tumors

A hysteroscope is a useful tool for detecting uterine tumors developed in the cervical canal and uterine cavity which are invisible areas. The hysteroscopy discloses easily the findings, location, size and extent of the lesions. Consequently more correct biopsies may be obtained than the conventional curettages which are blind procedures. This paper comprises the instrumentation, technique and hysteroscopic findings of the malignant uterine tumors. Observation of the cervical canal, namely cervicoscopy reveals mainly the appearance of normal cervical wall, preinvasive and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. Hysteroscopy reveals the appearance of normal uterine cavity, endometrial carcinoma, sarcoma, metastatic uterine carcinoma, invasive carcinoma infiltrated from the adjacent organs and trophoblastic tumors. As a result, endoscopic features of each uterine malignant tumor are summarized as useful criteria for differential diagnosis.     

2015年甘肃省武威市恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

目的 分析2015年甘肃省武威市恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况,为本市恶性肿瘤防控提供理论参考.方法 选取甘肃省武威市2015年肿瘤登记中心恶性肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算恶性肿瘤的粗发病/死亡率、累计发病/死亡率,以2000年全国标准人口构成和Segi's世界标准人口构成计算恶性肿瘤的年龄标化发病率和死亡率.结果 2015年甘...     

Cancer incidence,survival and mortality: Explaining the concepts

Cancer incidence, survival and mortality are essential population‐based indicators for public health and cancer control. Confusion and misunderstanding still surround the estimation and interpretation of these indicators. Recurring controversies over the use and misuse of population‐based cancer statistics in health policy suggests the need for further clarification. In our article, we describe the concepts that underlie the measures of incidence, survival and mortality, and illustrate the synergy between these measures of the cancer burden. We demonstrate the relationships between trends in incidence, survival and mortality, using real data for cancers of the lung and breast from England and Sweden. Finally, we discuss the importance of using all three measures in combination when interpreting overall progress in cancer control, and we offer some recommendations for their use.     

Sex and racial differences in bladder cancer presentation and mortality in the US

BACKGROUD:

Sex, race, and age at diagnosis have a significant impact on mortality from bladder cancer (BC). Women, African Americans of both sexes, and the elderly, all experience higher mortality rates. Tumor grade, stage, and histologic type at presentation also affect outcome. To determine whether age and tumor characteristics alone explain the excess hazard of death from BC observed in some demographic groups, the authors queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) limited‐use database for the presentations of and outcomes from BC between 1990 and 2005.

METHODS:

Tumors were characterized by grade, stage, and histologic type. Hazards rates for BC‐specific mortality were compared by race and sex using a piecewise Cox regression model, adjusting for factors (age, stage, grade, and histologic type) that differed significantly between the groups that were compared.

RESULTS:

Excess hazard of death from BC was present during the first 2 to 3 years of follow‐up among women and during the first 4 years of follow‐up among African Americans. Adjustment for age and tumor characteristics eliminated approximately 30% of this excess hazard in sex comparison among whites. In sex comparison among blacks and in racial comparisons within each sex, approximately 50% to 70% of excess hazard could be eliminated by adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Significant differences in tumor characteristics and age at presentation did not fully account for the excess hazard of death from BC among women and African Americans. Other factors, such as choice and efficacy of therapies, differences within a given tumor characteristic group, and/or host factors, also may play important roles. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.