Münzkopfschmerz

The term nummular (coin-like) headache describes a newly defined localized headache. The epidemiology of this rare primary headache type is unknown. Until now nummular headache has been classified in the appendix of the IHS headache classification because of ongoing discussion about the etiology. We report a 65-year-old woman who was successfully treated with clomipramine and a 45-year-old man with improvement through relaxation therapy.     

Münchhausen综合征

一、概述M(?)nchhausen 综合征是以德国M(?)nch-hausen 男爵的名字命名的综合征。表现为病人到处求医、千方百计要求住医院,为了达到这个目的,可通过说谎、吹牛、甚至不惜损伤自己躯体等种种手段,编造出很多假症状。当住入医院稍不如意即又出院,于是反复辗转于各个医院。这种综合征较为少见,Enoch(1967)将它列为7种少见精神病综合征之一。二、历史1951年,英国精神科医生Richard Ash-     

Expanded Möbius syndrome

A woman presented at 33 weeks gestation with reduced fetal movements and a nonreactive nonstress test. Fetal ultrasound examination revealed a peculiar unilateral arm tremor. At emergency cesarean section, performed for fetal indications, a 1,672-gm male infant was delivered requiring intubation for feeble respiratory effort. After delivery the neonate was transiently hypertonic and later hypotonic. Continuing ventilatory support at minimal settings was necessary. The work-up for aneuploidy, metabolic disorders, and infection was negative. The infant died after being removed from ventilatory support on day 22. Postmortem examination revealed extensive bilateral brain gliosis and mineralization without evidence of inflammation, partial absence of cranial nerve nuclei III-XI, and a total absence of cranial nerve roots VI-XI. Together these finding are compatible with a diagnosis of expanded M?bius syndrome.     

Ménière's disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ménière's disease is characterized by spontaneous attacks of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, aural fullness, and tinnitus. The pathologic process involves distortion of the membranous labyrinth with the formation of endolymphatic hydrops. This review describes the pathogenesis and etiology as well as the diagnosis and treatment of Ménière's disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Initial management of Ménière's disease can involve a low-salt diet and a diuretic. Treatment with intratympanic injection of gentamicin can be beneficial when vertigo persists despite optimal medical management. Recent studies have shown that gentamicin reduces vestibular function in the treated ear, although complete ablation of this vestibular function is not typically required in order to achieve control of vertigo. SUMMARY: Vertigo is often the most debilitating symptom associated with Ménière's disease. Many treatment options exist for the management of vertigo. Intratympanic injection of gentamicin (low dose) can be used in patients for whom vertigo has not been controlled by medical measures. Ongoing research is providing a greater understanding of the effects of gentamicin on vestibular function and of the mechanisms through which gentamicin leads to control of vertigo.     

Der Stechapparat der Mücken

Zusammenfassung Der Autor bespricht den Stechapparat der Mücke Culex pipiens, den er mittels neuartiger Farbstoffe darstellte.

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Summary The author demonstrates the stinging apparatus of gnat (Culex pipiens) in different new stainings.

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Résumé L'auteur démontre l'appareil piqueur de la mouche Culex pipiens à colorations nouvelles.

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Mit 3 Textabbildungen     

Mbius综合征一例

M bius综合征(M biussyndrome,MS)又称先天性面肌双瘫,通常定义为双侧面神经和展神经麻痹,可伴有其他脑神经异常,如听力丧失、构音障碍和咽下困难,也常出现肢体异常以及先天性心脏病、性腺功能减退和嗅觉缺失,还可以出现智能发育迟滞。本病罕见,我院收治1例,现报道如下。临床资料患者女性,20岁,大学生。因“面部表情异常18年”于2005年8月就诊。18年前,患者家属发现患者笑容似哭相,不自然;说话时,吐词欠清;睡觉时双眼不能完全闭合;入学后患者自觉不能吹口哨、鼓腮,漱口仅能含少量水,患病以来病情无明显进展,仅上唇逐渐外翻。父母非近亲婚…     

Brainstem calcification in Möbius syndrome

M?bius syndrome is characterized by congenital facial diplegia, and may be associated with limb or orofacial malformations. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis, including prenatal ischemia. We identified seven children with M?bius syndrome over the 10-year interval 1992-2001, all of whom manifested incomplete bilateral facial palsy. Associated limb and orofacial anomalies were observed in six cases. Computed tomographic scans were available in six children, and five of them manifested brainstem calcification which was most prominent in the floor of the fourth ventricle. The calcification was detected as early as 7 days of age and did not change with time, suggesting a static condition of prenatal onset. These observations support the hypothesis that the pathology in M?bius syndrome is secondary to prenatal brain ischemia.     

Mbius综合征3例报告

1880年 Grafe 首先报告先天性双侧面瘫的病例,1888及1892年 M(?)bius 报告1例并总结了以前的病例。以后作者们将先天性双侧颜面-外展麻痹、侧视障碍或伴有其他颅神经瘫及其它部位畸形等表现,称为 Mbius 综合征。国内尚未见报道,现将我们所见3例报告如下。     

小胶质细胞极化M1/M2表型在脑出血后继发性损伤中的作用

脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)是指急性的、自发性的脑血管破裂,血液流出至大脑实质、脑室或者蛛网膜下腔的过程.脑出血具有高发病率、高死亡率及高病残率.脑出血后血肿的扩大及吸收会引起一系列的反应,即所谓的原发性脑损伤及继发性脑损伤.小胶质细胞是被认为最早对脑出血做出反应的非神经元细胞,对...     

Människosyn och terapi i psykiatrin

The aim of the study was to compare the subjective quality of life of persons with severe mental illness in inpatient settings and two types of supported housing, small congregate community residences and independent living with support. Seventy-six persons living in three types of housing were interviewed using the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. Analysis showed no differences in subjective and objective quality of life or in clinical and socio-demographic data between individuals living in the two types of supported community residences. Greater satisfaction in four life domains, living situation, social relations, leisure activities and work and two global measures, was registered by individuals in the pooled ratings from the two types of supported community residences as compared to those in inpatient settings. The former were also more satisfied than their counterparts were in inpatient settings concerning specific aspects of the living situation domain. It is concluded that differences in housing settings impact specifically on the living situation life domain but also on other life domains as well as on global quality of life, despite few differences in objective quality of life indicators. There was no evidence to support the concept of the quality of life gradient across housing settings.     

M.Bleuler关于分裂症的定义

正在德国进修的武汉精神病院的盛晓春医生最近来信说:“近在这里出版的杂志上见到 M.Bleuler提出的精神分裂症的新定义,译出如下:“就我们目前所知,在大多数情况下,精神分裂症指的是一种特殊成长过程,是个体在特别严重的内外环境失调的情况下所走的一种特殊的生活道路,这种成长超过了内心世界与外     

低剂量左旋多巴对帕金森病大鼠纹状体乙酰胆碱M1和M2受体表达的影响

目的探讨低剂量的左旋多巴对帕金森病(PD)大鼠纹状体乙酰胆碱M1、M2受体表达的影响。方法将成功建模的20只PD大鼠随机分为模型对照组、左旋多巴干预7d、14d、21d组(每组5只),另将5只正常大鼠设为空白对照组。采用免疫组化技术测定纹状体乙酰胆碱M1和M2受体的表达情况。结果 M1受体蛋白在帕金森病大鼠中的表达高于空白对照组,药物干预7d、14d后M1受体蛋白表达较模型对照组明显降低(P0.05),但在药物干预21d后M1受体蛋白表达明显回升(P0.05);M2受体蛋白表达在帕金森病大鼠模型对照组较空白对照组明显下降(P0.05),但在用药物进行干预后较空白对照组无明显回升(P0.05)。结论帕金森病大鼠在低剂量的左旋多巴干预后M1受体蛋白的表达是一个动态变化变化过程,而M2受体蛋白的表达在药物干预后较空白对照组无明显变化。     

Mørder,notitser og personalia

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) has become an important and commonly used instrument to assess personality functioning. Several studies report significant changes on MCMI personality disorder scales after psychological treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate whether pre–post-treatment changes in 39-session psychodynamic group psychotherapy as measured with the MCMI reflect real personality change or primarily reflect symptomatic state changes. Pre–post-treatment design included 236 psychotherapy outpatients. Personality changes were measured on the MCMI-II and symptomatic state changes on the Symptom Check List 90-R (SCL-90-R). The MCMI Schizoid, Avoidant, Self-defeating, and severe personality disorder scales revealed substantial changes, which could be predicted from changes on SCL-90-R global symptomatology (GSI) and on the SCL-90-R Depression scale. The MCMI Dependent personality score was the only MCMI personality scale showing significant change when the SCL-90-R Depression change score was included as a covariate. Splitting patients into those with and without personality disorders did not change the results. Observed changes on MCMI-II personality disorder scales in short-term psychotherapy reflect change in symptomatic state. The MCMI-II Base Rate cut-off points probably include too many patients, justifying the introduction of new scoring procedures in the MCMI-III.     

Neue Möglichkeiten der automatisierten Demenzdiagnostik

Dementia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in Germany. Automatic diagnosing of dementia based on standard magnetic resonance imaging has the capacity to reduce diagnostic uncertainties. The algorithm learns a disease specific pattern of atrophy from training samples. It is independent from radiological expertise which may be scarce outside specialised centres and can be installed on MRT-machines or desktop PCs. It can also play its part in planning and conducting treatment trials by recruiting a sample with predicted fast future decline. Extension, based e.g. on resting state functional imaging are possible but are further away from clinical routine.     

Gemeindeintegrierte Akutversorgung Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

The shift of psychiatric care from the hospital to the community has been accompanied by a reduction of hospital beds and shortened durations of inpatient treatment, but also by an increase in admissions. This evolution may be largely attributed to the prime focus of community mental health institutions on rehabilitation. The continued implementation of reforms in psychiatric care is contingent upon effectively halting the "revolving door phenomenon" by incorporating community-integrated treatment approaches into the care of acutely ill patients. Since the mid-1960s, a series of studies have established the efficacy of two community-integrated modalities for the treatment of acute psychiatric illness, i.e. home-based and day hospital treatment. In general, these approaches not only seem to be as effective as inpatient care for certain groups of patients but also reduce their need of hospitalisation, thereby contributing towards a cost effective, comprehensive psychiatric care system.     

血管紧张素原基因M235T和T174M多态性与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的:探讨血管紧张素原((Angiotensinogen,AGT)基因M235T和T174M多态性与原发性高血压及脑梗死发生的相关性。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)对82例脑梗死患者、78例原发性高血压患者及82例人群对照进行AGT基因M235T和T174M多态性分析。结果:AGT M235T和T174M多态性在原发性高血压组与正常对照组分布有显著相差异(χ2=25.165,p=0.001<0.05;χ2=3.955,p=0.047<0.05),其中原发性高血压组235T T基因型频率为57.69%,高于人群对照组,而174MT+MM基因型频率为14.10%,低于人群对照组26.83%;脑梗死组与人群对照组M235T多态性分布也有显著性差异(χ2=25.165,p=0.001<0.05),235T T基因型频率在脑梗死组为53.66%,高于人群对照组。而T174M多态性在脑梗死组与人群对照组之间分布无显著性差异。结论:M235T和T174M多态性与原发性高血压发生相关,M235T多态性与脑梗死发生相关。g     

Muse cells decrease the neuroinflammatory response by modulating the proportion of M1 and M2 microglia in vitro

Neuroinflammation hinders repair of the central nervous system(CNS). Stem cell transplantation is a very promising approach for treatment of CNS injuries. However, it is difficult to select seed cells that can both facilitate nerve regeneration and improve the microenvironment in the CNS. In this study, we isolated multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring(Muse) cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We explored the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Muse cells in vitro by cocu...