奥塔戈运动锻炼项目对跌倒恐惧老年患者的应用效果

目的 探讨奥塔戈运动锻炼项目对跌倒恐惧老年患者的作用效果。方法 选取神经内科存在跌倒恐惧的老年患者60例,按照患者住院号末尾数字的奇数和偶数将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用奥塔戈运动,干预后比较2组患者跌倒恐惧人数、跌倒自我效能和患者满意度情况。结果 干预后观察组患者跌倒恐惧人数明显少于对照组(χ²=12.381,P＜0.001),跌倒自我效能和患者满意度均明显高于对照组(t=0.317,P＜0.001;Z=-3.644,P＜0.001)。结论 奥塔戈运动锻炼能够有效减轻老年患者跌倒恐惧,提高老年患者跌倒效能水平和患者满意度,值得在临床进行推广应用。     

医院-社区-家庭一体化干预在冠心病PCI患者疾病控制中的效果

目的 探讨医院-社区-家庭一体化干预对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(coronary intervention,PCI)患者疾病危险因素控制能力及预后结局的影响。 方法 选取2016年3-12月实施PCI手术的85例冠心病患者为对照组,选取2017年1-10月在我院实施PCI手术的85例冠心病患者为观察组,对照组术后实施常规治疗护理及出院指导;观察组实施医院-社区-家庭一体化干预,并采用微信打卡的方式展示自己的康复活动。观察2组患者冠心病危险因素控制情况、1年内心血管意外事件及再入院发生率。 结果 术后1年,观察组冠心病危险因素指标和健康生活方式达标率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。1年内,观察组心血管意外事件发生率为10.59%,低于对照组25.88%(χ²=6.667,P=0.010);再入院率为9.41%,低于对照组23.53%(χ²=6.157,P=0.013)。 结论 医院-社区-家庭一体化干预可提高冠心病PCI患者二级预防能力,提升危险因素控制达标率,降低心血管意外事件及再入院的发生率,改善预后结局。     

动机性访谈对老年慢性心力衰竭患者服药依从性的影响

目的 探讨动机性访谈干预在提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者服药依从性中的作用。方法 选取2017年 12月-2018年12月我院心内科104例老年慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为干预组54例与对照组50例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组实施动机性访谈干预,比较2组服药依从率。 结果 出院1个月及3个月时,干预组服药依从率均高于对照组(χ²=31.906,P＜0.001;χ²=44.795,P＜0.001);且干预组出院后1个月及3个月时,服药依从率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.641,P=0.104)。结论 动机性访谈可提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者服药依从性,且持续性较好。     

康复日记联合情景演练式健康指导在产后压力性尿失禁患者中应用

目的 探讨康复日记联合情景演练式健康指导在产后压力性尿失禁患者盆底肌功能锻炼中的应用效果。方法 选取2018年1 -12月我院收治的90例产后压力性尿失禁患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组及对照组,每组各45例。2组均给予盆底肌功能训练,对照组行常规健康指导,观察组行康复日记联合情景演练式健康指导。结果 观察组疾病知识知晓率、锻炼依从率、治疗有效率均高于对照组(χ²=12.180,P＜0.001;χ²=10.879,P=0.001;χ²=12.180,P＜0.001)。干预后,观察组Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力评分均高于对照组(t=7.541,P＜0.001;t=7.698,P＜0.001)。观察组行为限制、社交尴尬、对心理影响及生活质量量表总评分均高于对照组(P＜0.001)。结论 目标康复日记联合情景演练式健康指导能有效提高产后压力性尿失禁患者盆底肌功能锻炼依从性,改善患者盆底肌功能,提高患者生活质量。     

健康教育小组模式对孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎检测遵医行为的影响

目的 探讨健康教育小组模式对孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎检测遵医行为的影响。 方法 选取2016年8月-2017年4月在妇产科门诊首次建立产前检查本(孕产妇系统保健卡)、定期产检并分娩的孕产妇1 000例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组各500例。对照组给予常规健康教育,观察组采用健康教育小组管理模式。比较2组孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎母婴传播知识掌握情况、满意度、自愿咨询率和检测率。 结果 观察组孕产妇健康知识掌握情况及满意度明显好于对照组(Z=-6.114,P<0.001; Z=-7.517,P＜0.001),艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎自愿咨询率明显高于对照组(χ²=54.853,P<0.001;χ²=43.381,P<0.001;χ²=32.869,P＜0.001),艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎检测率明显高于对照组(χ²=60.211,P<0.001; χ²=11.940,P<0.001; χ²=60.658,P＜0.001)。 结论 对孕产妇开展预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎母婴传播知识教育,可提高孕产妇艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎的检测遵医行为。     

心脏康复管理平台在心肌梗死PCI术后患者随访中的应用

目的 探讨心脏康复管理平台在心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后患者随访中的应用效果,为心脏康复管理提供经验。方法 采用便利抽样法选取2019年1月-2021年1月于心血管内科心肌梗死PCI术后处于稳定期的出院患者158例为研究对象,2019年1-12月的78例患者为对照组,2020年1-12月的80例患者为试验组。对照组采用常规的出院后随访管理,试验组采用心脏康复管理平台进行院外随访管理。比较2组患者生活质量、自我管理能力、心血管紧急事件发生情况及3个月内的再入院率。结果 干预后试验组生活质量及自我管理行为量表总分均高于对照组(t=-3.708,P<0.001;t=6.042,P<0.001);心血管紧急事件发生率和再次入院率均低于对照组(χ² =15.095,P＜0.001;χ² =5.296,P=0.021)。 结论 将心脏康复管理平台应用于中青年心肌梗死PCI术后患者随访中,可以提高患者的生活质量及自我管理能力,降低患者急性心血管事件的发生率和再入院率。     

中医辨证施护预防痔疮患者术后便秘的效果观察

目的 观察中医辨证施护预防痔疮患者术后便秘的效果。 方法 选取收治的痔疮术后患者104例,按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上,采取中医辨证施护的方法。比较2组患者自然排便率、便秘发生率和对护理工作的满意度。 结果 观察组3 d内首次自然排便率高于对照组(χ²=32.359,P<0.001),便秘发生率低于对照组(χ²=9.426,P=0.002),患者对护理工作的满意度高于对照组(Z=-3.019,P=0.003)。 结论 中医辨证施护可帮助患者排便,是一种痔疮术后预防便秘的有效护理方法。     

情绪弹性团体训练在直肠癌恒温腹腔热灌注化疗患者中的应用

目的 探讨情绪弹性团体训练对直肠癌恒温腹腔热灌注化疗患者自我效能、心理弹性及应对方式的影响。 方法 选取2018年6月-2019年6月医院收治的直肠癌行恒温腹腔热灌注化疗的83例患者,采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组(n=41)及观察组(n=42),对照组化疗期间行常规护理指导,观察组在对照组基础上实施情绪弹性团体训练。干预前后应用自我效能量表、心理弹性量表、医学应对问卷中文版及欧洲疾病研究与治疗组织生活质量测定量表对患者进行评价。 结果 干预后,观察组自我效能评分、心理弹性总评分均高于对照组(t=18.787,P＜0.001;t=10.382,P＜0.001),应对方式的面对维度评分高于对照组(t=5.670,P＜0.001),而回避、屈服维度评分均低于对照组(t=6.758,P＜0.001;t=6.557,P＜0.001)。干预后观察组生活质量总评分高于对照组(t=8.680,P＜0.001)。 结论 情绪弹性团体训练能让直肠癌恒温腹腔热灌注化疗患者以积极的态度面对疾病,提高患者自我效能及心理弹性水平,促进患者身心健康,提高患者生活质量。     

全程个案管理对乳腺癌患者康复效果的影响

目的 探讨全程个案管理模式对乳腺癌患者康复效果的影响。方法 选取2018年7月—2019年6月乳腺外科收治的100例乳腺癌患者为研究对象。将2018年7-12月入院的46例患者设为对照组,2019年1-6月入院的47例患者设为观察组。对照组予常规管理,观察组给予全程个案管理,比较2组生存质量、化疗不良反应和非计划再住院率。结果 干预1个月后,观察组生存质量总分及生理状况、情感状况得分均高于对照组(P＜0.05);干预3个月后,观察组生存质量总分和各维度得分均高于对照组(P＜0.05),干预6个月后,2组患者生存质量总分及各维度得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组出院1年内化疗不良反应发生率和非计划再住院率均低于对照组(χ²=4.028,P=0.045;χ²=4.271,P=0.039)。结论 全程个案管理能够改善乳腺癌患者术后早期的生存质量,降低患者化疗严重不良反应发生率和非计划再住院率。     

团队管理模式在宫颈癌根治手术患者延续护理中的应用

目的 探讨团队管理模式在宫颈癌根治手术患者术后延续护理中的应用效果。 方法 选取2016年6月-2018年5月我院收治的宫颈癌根治手术患者376例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组及对照组,每组各188例,对照组出院后行常规延续护理,观察组应用团队管理模式对患者实施延续性护理,比较2组出院后自护能力、并发症发生情况及生活质量。 结果 干预后,观察组自护能力和生活质量总评分均高于对照组(t=42.793,P<0.001;t=35.702,P<0.001);尿潴留、尿路感染、残余尿增加的发生率均低于对照组(χ²=9.400,P=0.002;χ²=10.350,P=0.001;χ²=8.402,P=0.004)。 结论 团队管理模式能有效提高宫颈癌根治手术患者术后自护能力,降低患者术后并发症,提高患者术后生活质量。     

Investigating optimal intervention intensity with the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention

Abstract This paper addresses optimal intervention intensity in stuttering with reference to the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention. This is an operant program in which the parent provides the actual treatment, for proscribed periods each day, in the child's everyday environment. The parent learns how to do this during weekly visits with the child to the speech-language pathologist. This program was chosen because it is supported by considerable research evidence. This evidence includes randomized controlled trials and file audits. Individual children vary in the time taken to reach the program criteria, with children with milder stuttering taking less time than children whose stuttering is more severe. Hence, the dose depends largely on stuttering severity. Other service delivery models for the Lidcombe Program have been investigated, including telehealth (distance delivery) and group delivery. While telehealth delivery was as efficacious as face-to-face delivery, 3-times more clinician hours were needed to achieve this. Group delivery of the program was also as efficacious as face-to-face delivery but required 30% less clinician time. The fact that treatment is delivered by parents but is directed by the speech-language pathologist raises interesting issues about what constitutes dose.     

Investigating optimal intervention intensity with the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention

Abstract

This paper addresses optimal intervention intensity in stuttering with reference to the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention. This is an operant program in which the parent provides the actual treatment, for proscribed periods each day, in the child's everyday environment. The parent learns how to do this during weekly visits with the child to the speech-language pathologist. This program was chosen because it is supported by considerable research evidence. This evidence includes randomized controlled trials and file audits. Individual children vary in the time taken to reach the program criteria, with children with milder stuttering taking less time than children whose stuttering is more severe. Hence, the dose depends largely on stuttering severity. Other service delivery models for the Lidcombe Program have been investigated, including telehealth (distance delivery) and group delivery. While telehealth delivery was as efficacious as face-to-face delivery, 3-times more clinician hours were needed to achieve this. Group delivery of the program was also as efficacious as face-to-face delivery but required 30% less clinician time. The fact that treatment is delivered by parents but is directed by the speech-language pathologist raises interesting issues about what constitutes dose.     

家庭整体干预在高血压病社区干预中的作用

目的 探究家庭整体干预在高血压病社区干预中的作用.方法 将106例Ⅰ、Ⅱ级高血压病患者随机分成两组,对照组50例仅进行个体危险因素分析及干预;家庭干预组56例,进行家庭整体干预,既除了进行个体危险因素分析及干预外,还对患者进行家庭健康评估,寻找出家庭危险因素,针对不良因素进行指导及干预,动员全体家庭成员参与.干预后6个月社区护理人员停止家庭访视(既除去外界干预因素),6个月及12个月(既除去外界干预因素后6个月)复查血压、BMI、血脂、行为及生活方式的改变.结果 6个月后家庭干预组在收缩压、饮食及运动程度、方式上的改变均较对照组改善明显(P<0.05或P<0.01);12个月后家庭干预组除BMI外所有指标均较对照组有改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),且家庭干预组的不良行为回升在分类及人数上均低于对照组.结论 对高血压病患者进行家庭整体干预,患者血压、血脂、行为、生活方式的改善比一般干预患者明显且效果稳定、持久.     

Transferring AAC intervention to the home

Purpose: To evaluate the acquisition of AAC skills during an initial clinical trial and assess subsequent transfer of the training to the home setting. Method: A 12-year-old male with autism was first seen in a clinical setting to establish the use of a voice-output communication device. After learning to use the device to request access to preferred objects in the clinical trial, the intervention was transferred to the home. Follow-up with the parent was conducted via e-mail and telephone. Videotapes were made of initial home-based sessions to enable evaluation of the participant's progress. Results: The programme was successful in teaching the participant to use a portable AAC device to make requests during the clinical trial and then in two home-based activities. Conclusion: An initial clinical trial with follow-up support for parents may be an efficient method for beginning AAC intervention and transferring the training procedures to the home setting.     

Image-guided intervention in the coagulopathic patient

Determining practice parameters for interventional procedures is challenging due to many factors including unreliable laboratory tests to measure bleeding risk, variable usage of standardized terminology for adverse events, poorly defined standards for administration of blood products, and the growing numbers of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. We aim to address these and other issues faced by radiologists performing invasive procedures through a review of available literature, and experiential guidance from three academic medical centers. We discuss the significant limitations with respect to using prothrombin-time and international normalized ratio to measure bleeding risk, especially in patients with synthetic defects due to liver function. Factors affecting platelet function including the impact of uremia; recent advances in laboratory testing, including platelet function testing; and thromboelastography are also discussed. A review of the existing literature of fresh-frozen plasma replacement therapy is included. The literature regarding comorbidities affecting coagulation including malignancy, liver failure, and uremia are also reviewed. Finally, the authors present a set of recommendations for laboratory thresholds, corrective transfusions, as well as withholding and restarting medications.