人类垂体生长素细胞的胚胎发育

目的:探讨人胎垂体生长素细胞的发育,为垂体移植挑选适宜胎龄垂体提供形态学基础。方法:用免疫细胞化学ABC法系统地观察了人类4-8个月胎龄垂体生长素细胞的发育。结果:①生长素免疫反应阳性细胞在胚胎第4个月时在垂体前叶周边已经出现。②GH免疫反应阳性细胞的数目随胎龄增长逐渐增多,且向垂体前叶的中央延伸。GH细胞密度,胚胎早期升高,晚期随胎龄增长逐渐下降。③GH免疫反应阳性细胞在胚胎4个月时细胞体较小,且呈圆形、卵圆形,核大胞浆少。随胎龄增加,胞体逐渐增大,胞浆增多,核浆之比逐渐变小,至胚胎晚期,GH细胞以大型圆型或卵圆形为主。结论:人胎垂体移植时,以胎龄4月份的垂体作移植供体较适宜。     

人类垂体生长素细胞的胚胎发育

目的；探讨人胎垂体生长素细胞的发育，为垂体移植挑选适宜胎龄垂体提供形态学基础。方法；用免疫细胞化学ＡＢＣ法系统地观察了人类４－８个月胎龄垂体生长素细胞的发育。结果：（１）生长素免疫反应阳性细胞在胚胎第４个月时在垂体前叶周边已经出现。２．ＣＨ免疫反应阳性细胞的数目随胎龄增长逐渐增多，且向垂体前叶的中央延伸。ＧＨ细胞密度，胚胎早期升高，晚期随胎龄增长逐渐下降；３．ＧＨ免疫反应阳性细胞２在胚胎４个月时细     

人胎蓝斑神经元的发育

目的探讨人胎蓝斑神经元的发育，为蓝斑脊髓移植挑选适宜胎龄的蓝斑细胞提供形态学基础。方法用Ｎｉｓｓｌ染色法系统地观察了人类４一８ｍｏ胎龄蓝斑神经元的发育。结果人胎４ｍｏ蓝斑神经元已经发现，其数目随胎龄增加逐渐减少；胞体由小到大，细胞形态呈圆形、印圆形、锥形、梭形、多角形。细胞密度，胚胎早期升高，晚期随胎龄增长逐渐下降。蓝斑细胞主要位于蓝斑背侧部。结论人胎蓝斑移植时，用胎龄４ｍｏ的蓝斑作为移植供体较适宜。     

人胎垂体生长激素细胞的形态分布

目的：了解胚胎垂体生长激素细胞的发育规律及意义。方法：有用免疫细胞化学方法系统观察３４例１６￣３２周人胎垂体生长激素细胞形态及分布规律。结果：①胎１６周已存在生长激素样免疫反应细胞，多分布于垂体远侧部的周边，数量较少。随胎龄增加，生长激素样免疫反应细胞数量逐渐增多，并向远侧部的中央延伸。②胎１６周生长激素免疫反应细胞呈卵园形或多角形、胞浆较少，随胎龄增加，胞浆逐渐增多，至胎龄晚期，生长激素样免疫反     

人胎垂体生长激素放射免疫测定

目的：为探讨不同胎龄人胎垂体生长激素含量变化与胚胎生长发育的关系。方法：用双抗体放射免疫分析方法研究了２７例人胎垂体。结果：在胎２４周以前，随胎龄增加，垂体所含生长激素逐渐增加，２４周达高峰，以后随胎龄增加，垂体生长激素含量呈下降趋势，但仍高于２２周以前的水平。结论：胎儿垂体生长激素的合成在胎２４～２６周最旺盛，推测人胎垂体移植供体以此阶段为宜，同时为研究人胎生长发育的调控提供新的资料。     

人类蓝斑TH样神经元的发育(免疫细胞化学研究)

本实验用抗酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)免疫细胞化学ABC法系统地观察了人胎蓝斑内TH样神经元的分布及形态。结果证实:①蓝斑TH样神经元在人类胚胎第四个月时已经出现。②TH样神经元的数目随胎龄的增长而逐渐增多,以胎龄四至五个月增加显著,TH样神经元的密度,胚胎早期升高,晚期随胎龄的增长而逐渐下降。③蓝斑TH样神经元主要分布在蓝斑的背侧部,少量较大的细胞位于蓝斑的腹侧部。④蓝斑TH样神经元开始出现时为圆形或卵圆形,五至六个月以锥形、梭形细胞为主,七至八个月则以棱形、多角形为主。胞浆随胎龄的增长逐渐增多,胞核与胞浆之比随胎龄增长逐渐变小,胞突由宽短,表面粗糙变为细长而平滑。结果提示:人胎蓝斑移植,以胎龄4个月作供体较适宜。     

人胎蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样免疫反应神经元的发育

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法较系统地观察了人胎蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）样免疫反应神经元的分布及形态变化。结果：①蓝斑ＴＨ样免疫反应神经元在胚胎第４个月时已出现在蓝斑的腹侧部。②ＴＨ样免疫反应神经元的数量随胎龄增长逐渐增多，以胎龄第５个月增加显著。ＴＨ样神经元的密度，胚胎早期升高，晚期呈下降趋势。③蓝斑ＴＨ样神经元主要分布在蓝斑的背侧部，少量散在于腹侧部。④蓝斑ＴＨ样神经元开始出现时呈圆形或卵圆形，５～６个月呈锥形和梭形，７～８个月则以梭形、多角形为主。胞体逐渐增大，核浆之比由大变小。胞突由少变多，从宽短粗糙变为细长平滑。结果提示：人胎蓝斑移植以４月份胎龄作供体较适宜。     

人胎蓝斑生长抑素神经元免疫组化研究

目的 :探讨人胎蓝斑生长抑素 (SOM)免疫反应神经元的胚胎发育 ,为蓝斑脊髓移植挑选适宜胎龄提供形态学基础。方法 :用免疫组织化学法系统地观察人胎蓝斑生长抑素免疫反应神经元的发育。结果 :①蓝斑SOM神经元在胎龄 4mon已经出现。②蓝斑SOM神经元随胎龄增长逐渐增多 ,以 5mon时增加显著。③SOM神经元主要分布在蓝斑的背侧部。④SOM神经元开始出现时呈圆形或卵圆形 ,5mon～ 6mon时呈锥形和梭形 ,7mon～ 8mon时以梭形细胞为主。结论 :人胎蓝斑移植以 4mon胎龄作移植供体较适宜。     

人胎黑质神经元发育的初步观察

应用尼氏染色方法,观察第3～10月人胎黑质神经元的分布、数量和形态学发育变化。结果如下:①在人胎第3～10月,黑质神经元位于中脑腹侧大脑脚底与红核之间,并可区分为腹侧细胞稀疏的网状部和背则细胞密集的致密部。致密部在第3～4月为连续的细胞带,第5月以后渐变间断而形成明显的细胞群。②随着胎龄增加,每张中脑横切片上黑质神经元的数目略有减少,神经元的密度逐渐降低,尤以第8～10月最明显。③从胎龄第3～10月,黑质神经元胞体逐渐增大,胞质逐渐增多,神经元的形态从胎龄早期无明显突起的小圆形细胞为主,逐渐发育为胎龄晚期的锥形和梭形细胞为主,并带有一个或多个胞质突起。结果提示:人胎黑质神经元的细胞形态学发育在胎龄3～4月时尚不成熟,而第9～10月时已接近成人。     

人胎蓝斑生长抑素神经元免疫组化研究

目的：探讨人胎蓝斑生长抑素（ＳＯＭ）免疫反应神经元的胚胎发育，为蓝斑脊髓移植挑选适宜胎龄提供形态学基础。方法：用免疫组织化学法系统地观察人胎蓝斑生长抑素免疫反应神经元的发育。结果：（１）蓝斑ＳＯＭ神经元在胎龄４ｍｏｎ已经出现。（２）蓝斑ＳＯＭ神经元随胎龄增长逐渐增多，以５ｍｏｎ时增加显著。（３）ＳＯＭ神经元主要分布在蓝斑的背侧部。（４）ＳＯＭ神经元开始出现时呈圆形或卵圆形，５ｍｏｎ－６ｍｏｎ时呈锥     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.