急性下壁心肌梗死合并右室梗死9例心电图分析

现将我院2006—05／2008—03急性下壁心肌梗死（IMI）合并右室梗死9例的心电图特点分析如下。1临床资料1．1一般资料本组男6例，女3例，年龄49～72（59．5±12．5）岁。无右室梗死者59例，其中男41例，女18例，年龄48～76（58．8±14．2）岁。临床特点均有恶心、呕吐，心前区疼痛向上腹部放射，持续时间〉30min。68例均为发病24h以内入院的急性心肌梗死患者，严重肺、肝、肾功能障碍以及恶性肿瘤患者排除在外。     

右冠脉闭塞与左室下壁心肌梗塞合并右室梗塞

右冠脉闭塞与左室下壁心肌梗塞合并右室梗塞田泽君，汪家瑞，叶丹（首都医科大学宣武医院心内科，北京１０００５３）ＲｉｇｈｔＣｏｒｏｎａｒｙＡｒｔｅｒｙＯｅｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｖｅｒｓｕｓＲｉｇｈｔＶｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒＩｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｎ...     

心电图诊断急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关动脉的意义

[目的]评价体表心电图(ECG)各指标判断急性下壁心肌梗死(MI)患者梗死相关动脉(IRA)的临床意义.[方法]对116例急性下壁MI患者的体表ECG与冠状动脉造影(CAG)资料进行对比分析.[结果]判定IRA为右冠状动脉(RCA)的ECG各指标的敏感度、特异度分别为Ⅰ导联ST段压低或水平为100%、19%;Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段同时压低为75%、100%;ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联为95%、91%.判定IRA为左回旋支(LCX)的ECG各指标的敏感度、特异度分别为Ⅰ导联ST段抬高为21%、100%;ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联<Ⅱ导联为93%,92%.[结论]Ⅰ导联ST段压低或水平,Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段同时压低,ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联可判定IRA为RCA.Ⅰ导联ST段抬高,ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联<Ⅱ导联可判定IRA为LCX.     

常规心电图诊断右室梗塞的进展

临床工作中,右胸导联(V_3R～V_5R)目前仍未列入常规心电图(ECG)检查中.右心梗塞的早期诊断主要依据右胸导联上ST段的改变,如V_4R导联ST段抬高幅度≥lmm.但V_aR导联ST段抬高持续时间较短,约50%在发病10小时内降至正常,同时一些医院对急性心梗患者未能加做V_3R～V_5R导联心电图.容易漏诊右室心梗(RVMI).为此,常规ECG诊断RVMI日益受到关注,为解决这一课题,国内外学者致力研究,并相继报道常规ECG诊断RVMI的一些方法,本文对此作一简要综述.     

头胸导联心电图对右室梗塞诊断

右室梗塞是急性心肌梗塞发病率较多的一个疾病．单靠普通心电图诊断有许多漏诊，头胸心电图对右室梗塞提高了诊断率及准确率．     

STV3压低/STaVF抬高比值诊断急性下壁心肌梗死伴右室心肌梗死

长期以来 ,急性右室心肌梗死 (ａｃｕｔｅｒｉｇｈｔｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＡＲＶＭＩ)的心电图诊断主要依靠右胸附加导联Ｖ3 Ｒ Ｖ5ＲＳＴ段的改变。本研究选择ＳＴＶ3 压低 /ＳＴａＶＦ抬高比值 ,探讨在常规心电图描记中 ,其对ＡＲＶＭＩ的诊断价值。1　资料和方法1.1　一般资料　选择 1985年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 5月收住我院心内科发病 6小时以内的首发急性下壁心肌梗死 (ａｃｕｔｅｉｎｆｅｒｉｏｒｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＡＩＭＩ)患者 12 5例 ,其中男 10 4例 ,女 2 1例 …     

头胸导联心电图诊断急性右室梗死的价值

急性下壁心梗常常合并右室梗死。急性右室梗死的并发症多、病死率高 ,早期诊断和治疗可减少并发症及病死率 ,改善预后。本研究旨在探讨头胸 (HC)导联 [1 ] 心电图诊断急性右室梗死的价值。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 1998- 0 3～ 2 0 0 1- 0 6住院的急性下壁心梗 5 8例 ,男4 3例 ,女 15例 ,年龄 4 7～ 84岁。1.2　方法　以 2 5 mm/s的纸速、10 mm/mv的标准电压为每位患者进行 HC导联 HV3R- 6 R心电图检查 ,同时进行右胸常规(Wilson)导联 V3R- 6 R心电图检查作对照。首次心电图检查的平均时间在发病后的 2 0 .7h± 2 .9(1～ 72 ) h,首次…     

心电图对右室心肌梗死的诊断价值探讨

目的 :探讨STV3 R～V6R↑≥ 1mm及STⅢ↑ /STⅡ↑≥ 1对急性右室心肌梗死 (ARVI)的诊断价值。方法 :对 64例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图变化与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析 ,以探讨心电图对右室心肌梗死的诊断价值。结果 :ARVI组 2 6例 ,其中心电图 2 5例STV3 R～V6R↑≥ 1mm ,2 4例STⅢ↑ /STⅡ↑≥ 1,对照组3 8例 ,其中心电图 1例STV3 R～V6R↑≥ 1mm ,2例STⅢ↑ /STⅡ↑≥ 1,两组比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ,在STV3 R～V6R↑≥ 1mm及STⅢ↑ /STⅡ↑≥ 1间 ,两组差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :STV3 R～V6R↑≥ 1mm是诊断ARVI的主要依据 ,而STⅢ↑ /STⅡ↑≥ 1可作为诊断ARVI的重要参考依据。     

右心室合并急性下壁心肌梗死患者临床特点分析

目的 探讨ST段抬高急性下壁心肌梗死（IWMI）伴或不伴右心室心肌梗死（RVMI）患者的临床特点。方法前瞻性研究92例急性IWMI患者的临床特点，根据入院时心电图V4R-V6R导联ST段是否抬高将患者分为IWMI合并RVMI组（34例）和单纯IWMI组（58例）。比较两组患者在主要危险因素、临床表现、治疗和并发症方面的差异。结果①单纯IWMI患者较IWMI合并RVMI患者有较高的冠心病家族史（P〈0．05）。②IWMI合并RVMI的惠者出现低血压、颈静脉怒张和Kussmaul征的比例明显增加（均为P〈0．01）。③IWMI合并RVMI患者需要更多的容量负荷（P〈0．01）和应用正性肌力药物维持血压（P〈0．01）。④IWMI合并RVMI患者有较高的病死率（P〈0．05）。结论与单纯IWMI患者比较。IWMI合并RVMI患者冠心病家族史较少，低血压、颈静脉怒张、Kussmaul征均较常见。病死率较高，治疗上更多需要容量负荷和应用正性肌力药物。     

Prevalence of right ventricular myocardial infarction in patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction

The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) in patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) admitted to the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. Between August 2000 and May 2001, a total of 100 patients with acute IWMI were enrolled. History of all patients was taken, and thorough clinical examination was performed to asses the presence of signs of right ventricular infarction. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded immediately on arrival of patients along with right precordial leads. All patients were considered for thrombolytic therapy in the absence of any contraindication and were managed with standard treatment strategies. Complications arising during the course of admission were recorded and compared between the two groups. There were 86 (86%) males and 14 (14%) females. Mean age was 56.3 +/- 13.13 years (range 33-83 years). The prevalence of RVMI in IWMI was 34%. Smoking and diabetes were more prevalent in RVMI group, while hypertension and family history of ischemic heart disease were more common in isolated IWMI. Ninety per cent of patients received thrombolytic therapy. In-hospital mortality (23.5%) was higher in RVMI group than isolated IWMI (18.1%). Other major complications were also higher in RVMI group than isolated IWMI. Right ventricular infarction was found in approximately one-third of IWMI. Right ventricular infarction was associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, and its presence defines a higher risk subgroup of patients with inferior wall left ventricular infarction.     

Acute right ventricular myocardial infarction

Introduction: Acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is observed in 30–50% of patients presenting with inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI) and, occasionally, with anterior wall MI. The clinical consequences vary from no hemodynamic compromise to severe hypotension and cardiogenic shock depending on the extent of RV ischemia.

Areas covered: The pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic steps, and novel therapeutic approaches of acute RVMI are described.

Expert commentary: Diagnosis of acute RVMI is based on physical examination, cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography, and coronary angiography, whereas noninvasive imaging modalities (echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging) play a complementary role. Early revascularization, percutaneous or pharmacological, represents key step in the management of RMVI. Maintenance of reasonable heart rate and atrioventricular synchrony is essential to sustain adequate cardiac output in these patients. When conventional treatment is not successful, mechanical circulatory support, including right ventricle assist devices, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, and intra-aortic balloon pump, might be considered. The prognosis associated with RVMI is worse in the short term, compared to non-RVMI, but those patients who survive hospitalization have a relatively good long-term prognosis.     

依那普利对犬急性右心室心肌梗死心源性休克血流动力学指标的作用

目的观察依那普利、单纯补液对急性右心室心肌梗死(RVMI)心源性休克时血流动力学指标的作用。方法结扎犬冠状动脉造成大面积RVMI并发心源性休克模型。随机分为对照组、补液组、依那普利组。观察各组正常时、梗死后即刻及给药后即刻、1h、1周时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心排血量(CO)、右心房压力(RAP)、右心室收缩压(RVSP)等血流动力学指标,并评价疗效。结果快速补液后,RAP进一步升高,加重了血流动力学变化。依那普利治疗后RAP降低,CO增加,血流动力学变化得以改善。结论大面积RVMI心源性休克时,快速扩容治疗在RAP≥13mmHg时会进一步损害左、右心室功能,依那普利可降低右心后负荷,增加CO,能有效纠正休克。     

核素心室显像对前壁、下壁急性心肌梗死左室局部收缩功能的评价

目的 :评价前壁及下壁急性心肌梗死 (AMI)左室局部收缩功能。方法 :于AMI发病后第三周应用门控平衡法核素心室显像检测两壁左室整体及局部射血分数 (LVEF、rEF) ,轴缩短率 (RS) ,局部轴缩短率 (rRS)。结果 :前壁组LVEF (31 5 3± 10 38% )显著低于下壁组(46 5 2± 8 6 5 % ) ,P <0 0 1;前壁组平均室壁运动积分 (1 86± 0 6分 )亦显著低于下壁组 (2 2 0± 0 6分 ) ,P <0 0 1。结论 :AMI急性期左室局部收缩功能和室壁运动状态均与梗死部位有关。前壁AMI左室收缩功能受损程度较下壁AMI更为显著。     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死不同方法治疗前后心电图指标变化的观察

目的通过对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死各种方法治疗前后心电图指标的观察，对比各种治疗方法是否有效及疗效是否存在差异。方法将入选病例分为六组：非再灌注治疗再通组（A1组）、非再灌注治疗未再通组（A2组）、溶栓治疗再通组（B1组）、溶栓治疗未再通组（B2组）、直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）组（C组）、溶栓＋补救性PCI治疗组（D组）。分别测量各组治疗前后心电图ST段抬高导联ST段抬高的总和（∑ST）及最长QT间期（QTmax）、最短QT间期（QTmin）。结果治疗前与治疗后ST段抬高的总和及校正的QT间期离散度（QTed）的差异均有显著性，QT间期离散度（QTd）在B1、C、D组差异有显著性；ST段抬高总和的下降幅度在A1与A2组、B1与B2异有显著性；四个再通组ST段抬高总和的下降幅度和QTcd的下降幅度之间差异无显著性，而QTd下降幅度差异有显著性。结论①ST段恢复及QT间期离散度可以作为预测急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗成功的敏感指标。②各种再灌注治疗均可降低ST段抬高及QT间期离散度，即恢复心肌组织和细胞水平再灌注及心室肌复极均一性。③非再灌注治疗与再灌注治疗对急性心肌梗死的疗效存在差异，但不同再灌注治疗方法之间尚无依据证明存在差异。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓与非溶栓治疗对比研究左心室重塑及其心功能

目的：探讨急性前壁Q波型心肌梗死（AMI）患者左心室重塑（LVRM）和左心室收缩功能（LVSF）。方法：将140例AMI患者随机分为静脉溶栓组和非溶栓组。采用Doppler超声心动图仪进行监测。结果：140例AMI患者LVRM总发生率为42．1％。溶栓组LVRM发生率明显低于非溶栓组（P＜0．05）。LVRM对LVSF产生明显影响。溶栓再通组LVRM发生率明显低于未再通组（P＜0．01），且LVSF明显得到改善（P＜0．01）。结论：AMI患者的LVRM发生率高，对LVSF有明显的影响。早期实施静脉溶栓治疗能减少LVRM发生，改善LVSF。     

Left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction

10 patients with their first AMI were studied within the first 48 hours and again after 3 weeks. Central and peripheral haemodynamics (CI, SV, SW, TPR) were examined, including indices of contractility (dp/dlmax) and wall stiffness (P/V, relation P/V to P) of the left ventricle.In the early phase CI and SW, as well as LV dp/dt_max were depressed in accordance with symptoms of LV failure. P/V was increased. Elevation of LVEDP correlated well with ventricular gallop rhythm, but less consistently with LV functional disturbance.During convalescence CI increased uniformly, both in digitalized and non-digitalized individuals. In contrast heart rate, aortic pressure, LVEDP and dp/dt_max remained unchanged. The increase of CI, SV and SW was accompanied by a fall of TPR and P/V. LV wall stiffness was still elevatedabove normal after 3 weeks. The improvement of cardiac pumping during infarct convalescence may have been effected through a fall of TPR and LV wall stiffness. Recovery of depressed contractile performance was generally not observed, and does therefore not seem to contribute to recuperation.Herrn Prof. Dr. med. P. Schölmerich zum 60. Geburtstag.     

刺五加对急性心肌梗塞左室功能的影响

目的明确刺五加对急性心肌梗塞左室功能的影响。方法本文应用脉冲多普勒超声心动图对急性心肌梗塞者静脉输入刺五加前后的左室功能进行了测定。结果用药后左室舒张早期充盈速度增快;舒张晚期Ａ峰流速减慢;等容舒张期缩短,而主动脉最大流速、平均血流加速度和心输出量则无显著差异。结论刺五加在不抑制左室收缩功能的情况下,能改善左室舒张功能。     

The ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block

The electrocardiographic diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is made more difficult in the setting of confounding patterns, including left bundle branch block (LBBB). The electrocardiographic detection of abnormalities arising from acute ischemic cardiac disease in this setting is possible in certain cases, contrary to popular medical opinion. Several strategies are available to assist in the correct interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) with LBBB and potential acute ischemia, including: (1) a knowledge of the anticipated ST segment-T wave morphologies of LBBB and, consequently, the ability to recognize ischemic changes; (2) the performance of serial ECGs demonstrating dynamic change; and (3) a comparison to previous ECGs. The first strategy, an awareness of the anticipated ST segment morphologies of LBBB, is the most important and not dependent on additional diagnostic testing or past medical records.