D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D-半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性.方法 C57BL/6小鼠,随机分成正常对照组、D-半乳糖低剂量组(50mg/kg,sc)、D-半乳糖高剂量组(100mg/kg,sc),连续造模8周.以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力.结果在物体识别测试中, D-半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数(15.71±3.94)较对照组(45.89±7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P<0.001),低剂量分辨指数(24.69±6.25)与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义(P<0.05).在Morris水迷宫测试中,D-半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义(P<0.01);高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 D-半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍.     

芸香苷对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆障碍的改善作用

目的 观察芸香苷对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆障碍的改善作用.方法 将小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,芸香苷高、中、低剂量组,给药组灌胃给予不同剂量芸香苷,每天1次,连续14 d,采用Morris水迷宫检测小鼠空间位置记忆能力,行为学实验前30 min腹腔注射1 mg/kg东莨菪碱,测定脑组织中SOD活性、MDA含量及AchE活性,...     

葛根素对铝致痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆

目的 探讨葛根素(Pur)对铝中毒所致的痴呆模型小鼠记忆能力的影响及机制.方法 给小鼠连续注射AlCl3建立AD模型,用Morris水迷宫法测试小鼠的空间记忆能力,用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定海马SOD活力,以硫代巴比妥酸法测定海马MDA含量.结果 与正常对照组相比,模型组海马SOD活力[(32.11±18.53)U/mag prot]下降(P<0.01)、blDA含量[(3.94±0.61)nmol/mg prot]上升(P<0.01),同时伴有水迷宫成绩的损害.与模型组比较,Pur中、高剂量组海马SOD活力[(58.63±17.92)U/mg prot,(61.29±19.47)U/mg prot]上升(P<0.01)、MDA含量[(2.93±0.31)nmol/mg prot,(2.89±0.45)nmol/mg prot]下降(P<0.01),Pur低剂量组海马SOD活力[(49.74±16.37)U/mg prot]上升(P<0.05),Pur中、高剂量组对水迷宫成绩的改善作用优于低剂量组.结论 Pur能改善铝中毒所致的痴呆模型小鼠记忆能力,其作用机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用对东莨菪碱所致小鼠记忆获得性障碍的改善作用

目的 观察莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响.方法 采用Morris水迷宫筛选空间学习记忆能力相近的昆明种雄性小鼠50只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组、模型组、低剂量治疗组、中剂量治疗组、高剂量治疗组,每组10只;行为学测试开始前10 min腹腔注射东莨菪碱,建立小鼠记忆获得障碍模型;3个治疗组分别灌胃50 mg/kg莲房原花青素+10 mg/kg银杏内酯、100 mg/kg莲房原花青素+20 mg/kg银杏内酯、150 mg/kg莲房原花青素+30 mg/kg银杏内酯;其余两组灌胃生理盐水.喂养30 d后以行为学实验(Morris水迷宫法、跳台法)为指标观察莲房原花青素和银杏内酯的联合作用.结果 在东莨菪碱所致小鼠记忆障碍模型中,莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用在Morris水迷宫中可缩短潜伏期,减少游泳距离;在跳台实验中可以延长平台停留期,显著减少错误次数.结论 莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用能够改善东莨菪碱所致小鼠学习记忆障碍.     

半夏泻心汤和鸟嘌呤核苷对APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的采用跳台和Morris水迷宫检测半夏泻心汤和鸟嘌呤核苷对6月龄APPswe/PS1d E9双转基因小鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将APPswe/PS1d E9双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)灌胃、西药对照组盐酸多奈哌齐0.92 mg/(kg·d)灌胃、半夏泻心汤组650 mg/(kg·d)灌胃、中药对照组姜黄素200 mg/(kg·d)灌胃、鸟嘌呤核苷组0.5%CMC灌胃,除鸟嘌呤核苷组腹腔注射鸟嘌呤核苷16 mg/(kg·d),其他各组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水,每组15只。正常组0.5%CMC灌胃和等体积的生理盐水腹腔注射为同窝野生型C57BL/6J小鼠。于3月龄时开始对各组小鼠分别实施对应的干预,给药3个月后,应用跳台和Morris水迷宫对小鼠进行行为学检测。结果跳台实验结果显示,模型组小鼠比正常组潜伏期时间明显缩短(P0.01);与模型组比,各干预组小鼠潜伏期时间均显著增加(P0.01)。Morris水迷宫结果显示,随着天数的增加,各组小鼠逃避潜伏期的时间缩短,游泳距离也呈递减趋势,中间有小幅波动。Morris水迷宫结果显示,空间探索实验即撤台实验中,模型组小鼠目标象限停留时间显著少于正常组(P0.01),西药对照组、中药对照组以及半夏泻心汤组小鼠的目标象限停留时间均比模型组延长(P0.05)。结论半夏泻心汤对APPswe/PS1d E9双转基因小鼠的早期学习记忆障碍具有改善作用,鸟嘌呤核苷可提高小鼠的记忆保持能力。     

复方人参保健膏滋对自然衰老小鼠学习和记忆功能的影响

[目的]观察复方人参保健膏滋对自然衰老小鼠学习及记忆功能的改善作用.[方法]复方人参大、中、小剂量组分别按照400,200,100mg/kg的剂量灌胃给予复方人参保健膏滋30d后,采用Morris水迷宫和跳台仪测定潜伏期.[结果]跳台实验结果显示,与正常对照组比较,复方人参各剂量组自然衰老小鼠潜伏期均明显增大,错误次数显著减少(P<0.05,P<0.01).Morris水迷宫定位航行实验结果显示,与正常对照组比较,复方人参各剂量组自然衰老小鼠的潜伏期均明显缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01).空间探索实验结果显示,与正常对照组比较,除复方人参大剂量组外其余各组自然衰老小鼠的搜索站台潜伏期均明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),复方人参中、小剂量组自然衰老小鼠的穿越站台次数均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01).[结论]复方人参膏滋对正常自然衰老小鼠的学习及记忆功能具有促进和改善作用.     

人参皂苷水解产物DS-1227改善东莨菪碱致小鼠的学习记忆障碍

目的 研究人参皂苷水解产物DS-1227(Dammarane Sapogenins-1227)对东莨菪碱致小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用, 为老年痴呆等疾病的药物研究提供科学数据。方法 将60只ICR小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、DS-1227低、中、高剂量组共6组, 每组10只。连续灌胃给药2周后, 检测自主活动, 第15天开始除空白对照组腹腔注射生理盐水, 其他各组均腹腔注射东莨菪碱(0.75 mg/kg), 阳性对照组在注射东莨菪碱5 min后另腹腔注射毒扁豆碱(0.3 mg/kg), 给药完成20 min后进行物体认知实验和Morris水迷宫实验检测动物的学习记忆能力。结果 DS-1227对小鼠的自主活动无显著性影响。腹腔注射东莨菪碱后, 小鼠的相对辨别指数降低, 水迷宫定位航行实验中d1、d2、d3、d4和d5潜伏期均明显延长。DS-1227低、中、高剂量和给予M受体激动剂毒扁豆碱均能不同程度增加东莨菪碱致学习记忆障碍模型小鼠的相对辨别指数, 缩短水迷宫定位航行潜伏期。结论 DS-1227有改善东莨菪碱致小鼠学习记忆障碍的作用。     

芍药苷对血管性痴呆模型大鼠乙酰胆碱酯酶及超氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的观察芍药苷(PF)对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的影响。方法 50只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、给药组(芍药苷低剂量组12.5 mg/kg、中剂量组25 mg/kg、高剂量组50 mg/kg),每组10只。模型组与给药组采用反复夹闭双侧颈总动脉(CCA)结合腹腔注射硝普钠法造模,假手术组不阻断CCA及注射硝普钠。造模后第2天给药组予灌胃给药,模型组与假手术组给予生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续30 d。应用Morris水迷宫实验、跳台实验测定大鼠学习记忆能力,并比较各组AchE、SOD活性。结果(1)Morris水迷宫实验:模型组和假手术组定位航行实验中逃避潜伏期均逐渐缩短,第5天明显比第1天短(P<0.05);与假手术组比较,模型组潜伏期在各个时间点均延长,而穿过平台的次数明显减少(P<0.01);与模型组比较,给药组潜伏期呈缩短趋势,第5天比第1天短(P<0.05);穿过平台的次数明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)跳台实验:与假手术组比较,模型组错误次数明显增加,而潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.01);与模型组比较,3个给药组的错误次数均明显降低,潜伏期均高于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与低、中剂量组比较,高剂量组潜伏期延长更显著(P<0.01)。(3)脑组织匀浆中AchE、SOD活性:与假手术组比较,模型组AchE活性增高、SOD活性降低(P均<0.01);与模型组比较,低、中、高剂量组AchE活性明显降低、SOD活性均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与低剂量组相比,高剂量组AchE活性降低(P<0.05),SOD活性明显升高(P<0.01);与中剂量组相比,高剂量组SOD活性升高(P<0.05)。结论芍药苷对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力障碍有改善作用,其机制之一可能是基于抑制AchE活性,增加SOD的活性。     

长苞凹舌兰提取物抗亚急性衰老小鼠氧化损伤的作用

目的观察长苞凹舌兰提取物(Coeloglossum.viride var.bracteatum extract,CE)对D-半乳糖(D-Gal)和NaNO2致衰老小鼠氧化损伤的作用.方法雌性NIH小鼠适应性饲养1周后,将动物随机分为:正常对照组,衰老模型组,吡拉西坦(阳性对照)组[300mg/(kg·d)],CE低、中、高剂量组[2.5、5、10 mg/(kg·d)]6组,每组10只.衰老模型组,吡拉西坦组和CE低、中、高剂量组小鼠接受腹腔注射D-Gal 120 mg/(kg·d)(生理盐水配制)和NaNO2 90 mg/(kg·d)(双蒸水配制),连续60 d,正常对照组小鼠腹腔注射等量的生理盐水溶液;从第47天开始,吡拉西坦组和CE低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别灌胃相应剂量的吡拉西坦[300mg/(kg·d)]或CE[2.5、5、10 mg/(kg·d)],正常对照组和衰老模型组小鼠灌胃等量的生理盐水溶液.14d后用水迷宫方法检测小鼠的学习记忆能力;生物化学法检测脑中丙二醛(MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、单胺氧化酶A(MAO-A)、单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)、钠钾ATP酶、钙镁ATP酶活力.结果衰老模型组小鼠每天游出迷宫所用的时间(潜伏期)较正常对照组明显延长(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),错误次数明显增多(P＜0.05);小鼠脑中SOD、钠钾ATP酶、钙镁ATP酶的活力下降(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),MDA水平、MAO-A、MAO-B活力升高(P＜0.01).灌胃给予吡拉西坦[300mg/(kg·d)]和CE[25、5、10mg/(kg·d)]可以改善衰老模型小鼠的上述变化.结论CE可改善D-Gal和NaNO2致衰老小鼠的学习记忆障碍,具有促智和延缓衰老的作用,此作用可能部分由于CE具有抗氧化、改善能量代谢障碍和抑制单胺类递质代谢失调的作用.     

D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D 半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力 ,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性。方法C5 7BL/ 6小鼠 ,随机分成正常对照组、D 半乳糖低剂量组 (5 0mg/kg ,sc)、D 半乳糖高剂量组 (10 0mg/kg ,sc) ,连续造模 8周。以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力。结果在物体识别测试中 ,D 半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数 (15 .71± 3 .94)较对照组 (4 5 .89± 7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,低剂量分辨指数(2 4.69± 6.2 5 )与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。在Morris水迷宫测试中 ,D 半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论D 半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍 ,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.