李军教授从痰瘀论治眩晕经验浅谈

痰浊与瘀血皆为气血津液代谢异常而致,在生理上津血同源,在病理上痰瘀交结,变化多端。李军教授认为痰瘀为眩晕的基础病机,在辨证时,要识别痰瘀的主要特征,辨明痰瘀的主次轻重、兼夹证候,在其治疗中应重视从痰瘀论治。     

论痰瘀同病

许多疑难病在临床诊治中,通常痰瘀同病相兼为患,痰瘀同病的理论是中医病机学说中具有重要意义的一环,如中风、咳喘、头痛、眩晕、胸痹、癫、狂、痫、积证等,痰瘀同病常是主要病机,所以探讨痰瘀之间的关系,运用痰瘀同病理论指导临床辨证施治,多能取得令人满意的疗效,痰瘀同病在临床上有重要的理论及实践意义。     

吴立文教授从痰瘀论治眩晕的经验

吴立文教授认为在引起眩晕的诸多因素中,痰瘀占有重要地位,痰浊必致瘀血,瘀血多夹痰浊。在辨证时,要识别痰瘀的主要特征,辨明痰瘀的主次轻重、兼夹证候,以便有针对性地进行治疗。在治疗痰瘀互结所致眩晕时,根据痰瘀互阻的主次先后、轻重缓急组方用药,同时结合调理脏腑和气机,常可取得良好疗效。     

试述从痰瘀毒论治间质性肺炎

该文从病因病机、临床辨证和中医治疗等方面论述痰、瘀、毒是间质性肺炎的主要病理环节,冀为临床从痰瘀毒论治间质性肺炎提供思路。     

顽固性粉刺的针炙综合治疗

本病主要病机在于热、痰、瘀、辨证多属于血壅滞或痰瘀蕴结型，因而主要选取耳垂、大椎、心俞，采用叩刺放血之法以泻热邪行瘀滞，再配合常规体针的辨证施针和耳穴埋压的辅助治法，收到了显的效果。运用此法对16例病程在2－3年的顽固性粉刺患施治，临床治愈率为75％。     

宋爱莉从痰瘀互结论乳腺增生病

痰瘀既是致病因素,又是病理产物,文章总结宋爱莉教授治疗乳腺增生病的经验,提出乳腺增生病以痰瘀互结为主要病机,兼有肝郁气滞、脾虚湿盛、冲任失调为基础的病变特点,痰瘀互结亦为乳腺癌癌前病变的主要病机,从而使乳腺增生病的辨证分型规范化。     

宋爱莉从痰瘀互结论乳腺增生病

痰瘀既是致病因素,又是病理产物,文章总结宋爱莉教授治疗乳腺增生病的经验,提出乳腺增生病以痰瘀互结为主要病机,兼有肝郁气滞、脾虚湿盛、冲任失调为基础的病变特点,痰瘀互结亦为乳腺癌癌前病变的主要病机,从而使乳腺增生病的辨证分型规范化。     

从虚痰瘀毒论治顽固性心力衰竭

顽固性心力衰竭的发生发展与虚、痰、瘀、毒密切相关。其病因病机演变极为复杂,主要表现为阳（气）虚、痰湿、血瘀、热毒等方面。从虚痰瘀毒论治顽固性心力衰竭,可根据其不同证候阶段所表现的阳（气）虚、痰湿、瘀血、热毒的轻重不同进行辨证治疗,从而找出虚—痰—瘀—毒的辨证及治疗规律。在顽固性心力衰竭早期多表现为气虚血瘀,痰浊痹阻;当顽固性心力衰竭形成后,则以瘀阻心脉为主要表现,且易形成痰瘀互结。虚、痰、瘀、毒四者并不是孤立存在的,而是具有密切的内在联系性。气虚血瘀、痰湿壅盛、热毒入络是形成顽固性心力衰竭的重要因素,益气温阳、祛痰利湿、化瘀通络、清热解毒是治疗顽固性心力衰竭的主要治法。     

论痰瘀关系在间质性肺疾病病机演变中的意义

间质性肺疾病(ILD)是一种以累及肺间质为主、以炎性病变和纤维化为特征的疾病,归属于中医学肺痹、肺痿范畴,而痰瘀贯穿了疾病的始终。津凝为痰,血滞为瘀,痰瘀可谓同源异物,两者相互转化、相互影响的特点直接影响ILD病机演变。本文论述了痰瘀相关理论、肺系疾病与痰瘀密切关系及其病机演变,并将其病机演变过程归纳为津停生痰、由痰及瘀、痰瘀互结三个阶段。临床可通过中医辨证结合现代西医诊断,对痰瘀关系进行辨证判读。体现在ILD治疗原则中,则为早期化痰为主,后期祛瘀为先,以期达到抑制病情进展、促使疾病向愈的目的。     

原发性高血压中医证候与颈动脉硬化相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压中医证候与颈动脉硬化的关系。方法:对333例原发性高血压患者辨证分为9组,并对其中327例患者行颈动脉超声。同时根据本虚标实辨证原则,再分为单纯实证、单纯虚证和虚实夹杂证三种类型;根据夹痰、夹瘀的不同,又分为夹痰证、夹瘀证、夹痰夹瘀证和非夹痰夹瘀证四种类型。研究中医辨证各组颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的差异。结果:夹痰夹瘀证颈动脉IMT大于夹瘀证(P<0.05)。结论:中医痰证可促进原发性高血压颈动脉硬化的发展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.