静吸复合全麻联合骶管阻滞在婴儿腹部手术中的效果观察

目的:观察静吸复合全麻联合骶管阻滞在婴儿腹部手术中的麻醉效果。方法:选择婴儿腹部手术60例,随机分为观察组29例和对照组31例。对照组单纯静吸复合全麻,观察组采用静吸复合全麻联合骶管阻滞麻醉。观察比较两组术前、切皮、术中、拔管时心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平变化,自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间,以及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组在切皮、术中、拔管时HR、SBP、DBP水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间和拔管时间非常显著早于对照组(P<0.01);躁动哭闹发生率非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:静吸复合全麻联合骶管阻滞在婴儿腹部手术中的麻醉效果优于单纯静吸复合全麻。     

硬膜外阻滞复合全麻在老年病人腹腔镜胆囊手术的应用

目的探讨硬膜外阻滞复合全麻在老年病人腹腔镜胆囊手术的应用。方法ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级60～94岁胆囊手术患者120例,分成单纯全麻组（Q组,n=60）,和硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（Y组,n=60）。监测SBP、DBP、HR、PETCO2、SpO2、气道压,记录血流动力学参数,术中所用血管活性药病例数及麻醉药剂量。结果Y组麻醉诱导、气管插管、切皮时、拔气管导管时SBP、DBP、HR低于Q组,血流动力学稳定,所用麻醉药少于Q组。结论硬膜外阻滞能不同程度抑制麻醉手术所致的应激反应,硬膜外阻滞复合全麻在老年病人腹腔镜胆囊手术的应用是安全的、可行的、有益的。     

布比卡因椎管内麻醉复合右美托咪定在环状混合痔手术患者中的应用

目的 探讨布比卡因椎管内麻醉复合右美托咪定在环状混合痔手术中的应用效果.方法 收集2018年5月-2019年5月采取布比卡因椎管内麻醉的40例环状混合痔手术患者临床资料,纳入对照组,收集2019年6月-2020年6月采取布比卡因椎管内麻醉复合右美托咪定的40例环状混合痔手术患者临床资料,纳入观察组.比较两组患者麻醉前、切皮时、切皮后10 min、术毕时血流动力学及麻醉效果.结果 切皮时,两组HR、MAP较麻醉前降低,切皮后10 min,两组HR、MAP较切皮时降低,但术毕时两组HR、MAP较切皮后10 min升高,且观察组切皮时、切皮后10 min、术毕时HR、MAP高于对照组,两组组间、时点、组间时点交互比较(P＜0.05);给药后,观察组感觉神经阻滞起效时间短于对照组,肛门松弛程度低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 布比卡因椎管内麻醉复合右美托咪定对于环状混合痔手术患者血流动力学影响较小,同时麻醉效果较好,且不会延长运动阻滞时间,利于患者术后恢复.     

高血压病患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的麻醉

目的　观察全身麻醉和全麻复合硬膜外麻醉用于高血压患者的腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)对血流动力学的影响。方法　 18例高血压患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除 ,随机分成全麻组 (A组 ,8例 )和全麻复合硬膜外组 (B组 ,10例 ) ,监测气腹前后血液动力学的变化 ,比较术中用药量和术毕苏醒情况。结果　 ( 1)气腹后A组患者的收缩压 ,舒张压 ,平均动脉压 ,心率明显上升 ,与B组相比存在明显差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;( 2 )A组普鲁泊福与芬太尼的用量明显大于B组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;( 3 )A组术毕出现呼吸时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间与B组相比明显滞后 ,存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　硬膜外复合全麻下施行LC ,能减轻术中的应激反应 ,血压波动小 ,易控 ,因此 ,可作为高血压患者选用的一种较好的麻醉方法     

平衡麻醉对老年上腹部手术围术期心肌酶及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的影响

目的：观察平衡麻醉对老年患者上腹部手术围术期心肌酶及肌钙蛋白I的影响。方法：择期行胃癌根治术老年患者38例，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，随机分为全凭静脉麻醉组（A组）与硬膜外复合全麻组（B组）。分别于麻醉前、插管及拔管后5min、术后6、24h采集静脉血5ml，测定血清心肌酶和肌钙蛋白I（cTnI），同时观察血流动力学变化。结果：两组术中麻醉效果均满意。CK、CK—MB、LDH、cTnI；A组在拔管后5min及术后24h均明显高于麻醉前（P〈0．05），A组明显高于Bgt（P〈0．05）,B组未见明显改变。结论：静脉全麻复合硬膜外阻滞麻醉用于老年上腹部手术能有效减轻患者围手术期心肌的损害。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于直肠癌根治术的临床观察

目的探讨全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在直肠癌根治术中的应用。方法 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级28～70岁直肠癌根治术患者40例,随机分成单纯全麻组(GA组,n=20)和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(GA+EA组,n=20)。监测SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、气道压,记录血流动力学参数、术中所用血管活性药病例数、全麻药用量、术者对肛门操作肛门松弛满意的病例数及患者麻醉恢复期的情况。结果 GA+EA组麻醉诱导、气管插管时、切皮时、拔气管导管时,SBP、DBP、HR低于GA组,血流动力学稳定,所用麻醉药少于GA组,术者对肛门松弛满意度高于GA组,术毕麻醉恢复期情况优于GA组。结论 全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于直肠癌根治术是安全的,可行的,有益的,较之单纯全麻更为适用。     

胸腹部手术复合硬膜外全麻效果观察

目的 :观察复合硬膜外全麻对血流动力学、血糖的影响及对比其用量和术后躁动情况。方法 :随机将 30例择期行胸腹部手术病人分为复合全麻组和单纯全麻组各 15例。用LONMEIER无创监测仪 ,分别监测复合全麻组和单纯全麻组术前、硬膜外阻滞后、全麻诱导后、插管后 5min及术毕的血流动力学变化 ;用葡萄糖氧化酶比色法监测血糖 ;观察两组全麻药用量、诱导前输液量及术后躁动情况。结果 :复合全麻组全麻药用量显著降低 ,躁动情况明显少于单纯全麻组 (P <0 0 5 )。全麻诱导前复合全麻组比单纯全麻组补液量增加。两组术前、硬膜外阻滞后、全麻诱导后及术毕心率及收缩压无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,插管后 5min两组心率及收缩压均比全麻诱导后升高 ,单纯全麻组收缩压显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。两组术前均无糖尿病病史 ,术前及全麻诱导后血糖无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。单纯全麻组插管后 5min及术毕血糖明显升高 ,与同组及复合全麻组相比 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :复合硬膜外全麻是较好的麻醉方式 ,但应重视血容量补充 ,严防低血压及肺水肿     

氯胺酮复合麻醉合并硬膜外阻滞在小儿腹部手术的应用

目的　比较氯胺酮复合麻醉合并硬膜外阻滞和单纯氯胺酮复合麻醉在小儿腹部手术中的应用效果。方法　对 40例随机分为复合组 (A组 ) 2 0例 ,单纯氯胺酮复合麻醉组 (B组 ) 2 0例。观察术中麻醉效果及并发症 ,并记录氯胺酮用量 ,术毕作清醒程度的判断。结果　麻醉效果满意率A组明显优于B组 (P <0 .0 5 )。术中氯胺酮用量A组 (80± 15 )mg比B组 (15 0± 10 )mg显著少 (P <0 .0 1)。与B组比较 ,A组术毕未醒例数极显著减少 ,完全清醒例数大大增多 (P <0 .0 1)。A组无呼吸抑制、恶心、呕吐 ,而B组肌颤 2例、呕吐 3例。结论　氯胺酮复合麻醉合并硬膜外阻滞 ,镇痛完善 ,肌肉松驰 ,用药量明显减少 ,术后并发症少 ,清醒快     

不同麻醉方法对肺癌患者围术期T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨不同麻醉方法对肺癌患者围术期T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法30例择期行肺叶切除术的肺癌患者,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组为全麻组,Ⅱ组为硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组,每组15例。两组分别于麻醉前（T1）、麻醉后（T2）、术毕（T3）、术后1d（T4）、术后3d（T5）测外围血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果两组患者麻醉后、术毕、术后1d时CD3、CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8均较麻醉前下降（P〈0．05）,术后3dⅡ组指标恢复接近麻醉前水平,Ⅰ组各项指标仍低于麻醉前水平。两组指标相比有显著差异性（P〈0．01）。结论硬膜外阻滞复合全麻能减轻围术期的应激反应及麻醉药物对T淋巴细胞亚群的抑制,有利于胸科肿瘤患者免疫功能的及早恢复。     

静脉快通道麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞对老年患者血浆ET及CGRP的影响

目的:观察静脉快通道联合硬膜外麻醉对老年患者上腹部手术围手术期血浆内皮素(ET)及降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的影响。方法:68例择期行胃癌根治术患者,年龄(66.45±7.36)岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分两组,各34例。A组:单纯静脉快通道全麻,B组:静脉快通道麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞。不同时间点采集静脉血测定血浆ET、CGRP含量,同时观察血流动力学变化。结果:ET:各时点两组与麻醉前比较略有降低,但无显著差异(P<0.05),组间比较无显著差异(P<0.05)。CGRP:两组插管后5min均开始升高,切皮后5min显著增高(P<0.05),术毕拔管后达峰值,组内各时点与术前比较差异显著(P<0.05),组间各时点比较差异显著(P<0.05),A组T2、T3、T4时点明显低于B组(P<0.05),而B组均高于麻醉前(P<0.05)。结论:静脉快通道联合硬膜外麻醉对老年上腹部手术患者血浆ET和CGRP的调控优于静脉全麻。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）