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1.
目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术后并发深部真菌感染的相关因素,为预防术后深部真菌感染提供理论依据。方法对1995年1月至2005年1月期间我院562例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的相关资料进行单因素和非条件Logistic回归分析。结果①562例中有78例患者术后并发深部真菌感染,感染率为13.9%;共检出真菌88株,其中白色念珠菌59株(67.0%),光滑念珠菌10株(11.4%),近平滑念珠菌7株(8.0%),热带念珠菌5株(5.7%),曲霉菌4株(4.5%),其他3株(3.4%)。常见感染部位前3位是消化道66.7%(52/78),呼吸道21.8%(17/78),腹腔10.3%(8/78)。②本组病例中发生感染组与未感染组在术后发生的胰瘘、胆瘘、腹腔感染等并发症,长期使用抗生素,长时间肠外营养等方面差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论①胰十二指肠切除术后深部真菌感染最常见的部位和病原菌分别是肠道和白色念珠菌。②胰瘘、胆瘘、腹腔感染等并发症,长期使用抗生素,长时间肠外营养等方面是胰十二指肠切除术后并发深部真菌感染的最常见危险因素;减少各种危险因素有利于预防深部真菌感染。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨原位肝移植术后真菌感染的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析147例肝移植受体术后发生真菌感染的诊治情况。结果147例患者中,29例发现真菌感染48例次,感染率为19.73%(29/147)。感染好发的部位依次为肺(33.34%,16/48),肠道(22.92%,11/48),泌尿系统(20.83%,10/48)。其中白色念珠菌感染占52.08%,光滑念珠菌感染占22.92%,热带念珠菌感染占12.50%,曲霉菌感染占8.34%,毛霉菌感染占4.17%。氟康唑治疗有效者占41.38%,伊曲康唑治疗有效者占27.59%,科赛斯治疗有效者13.79%,24例感染患者治愈,总有效率为82.76%。5例死亡,病死率17.24%。结论肝移植术后真菌感染的发生率较高,依据影像学检查和病原学检查等可早期诊断真菌感染,及时选用氟康唑、伊曲康唑及科赛斯等早期治疗是治愈真菌感染的关键。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨生长抑素联合口服万古霉素治疗肝移植术后早期肠梗阻的疗效。方法将2005年1月至2006年12月间收治的肝移植术后早期发生肠梗阻的58例患者,根据时间和治疗方法分成A组(2005年1月至2005年12月,31例,给予包括禁食、胃肠减压、纠正水电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱,适当胃肠内、外营养以及应用抗生素的常规治疗)和B组(2006年1月至2006年12月,27例,同A组常规治疗措施外,配合采用生长抑素及口服万古霉素)。结果本组肝移植术后早期术后肠梗阻发生率为13%(58/441)。B组患者恢复肠鸣音及排气、排便的时间分别为(7.1±2.0)d和(8.4±2.4)d,A组则分别为(9.1±3.0)d和(10.8±3.4)d;两组差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。B组胃肠减压引流量[(298±58)ml/d]明显比A组[(485±106)ml/d]减少;B组发生菌群失调的比例(55%)比A组(77%)明显降低;两组差异亦均有统计学意义(均P〈0.05)。结论在常规治疗基础上,应用生长抑素联合口服万古霉素治疗肝移植术后早期肠梗阻,可明显改善临床症状,减少肠道菌群失调的发生率。  相似文献   

4.
原发性肝癌切除术后复发的肝移植治疗   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的探讨原发性肝癌切除术后复发病人的肝移植手术指征和注意事项。方法总结2003年7月至2005年8月59例因肝癌接受肝移植的临床资料,其中肝癌切除术后复发12例(复发组),移植术前未接受手术治疗47例(对照组),分析两组病人移植术前肝功能、治疗情况、术中探查、手术时间、无肝期时间、出血量以及术后恢复情况。结果复发组病人移植手术时间、术中出血量及输血量均明显大于对照组,但两组无肝期时间以及1、2年存活率(75%vs.86%,P〉0.05;70.8%vs.83,3%,P〉0.05)差异无显著性意义。结论肝移植是肝癌切除术后复发病人的有效治疗方法,合理掌握肝移植指征是治疗肝癌切除术后复发的关键。  相似文献   

5.
早期肠内营养对肝移植术后肠屏障及细菌移位的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的探讨早期肠内营养对肝移植术后病人肠屏障功能和细菌移位的影响。方法40名肝移植病人被随机分成早期肠内营养(EN)组、胃肠外营养(PN)组。术前、术后第1天及术后第8天检测血浆内毒素水平、D-乳酸水平及二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平,术前及术后第1~7天每日行外周血细菌聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测及血细菌培养。结果(1)术后第8天EN组内毒素、D-乳酸及DAO水平显著低于PN组(P〈0.01)。(2)术后第1天两组内毒素、D-乳酸及DAO水平显著高于术前(P〈0.05),两组之间无统计学差异。术后第8天EN组内毒素、D-乳酸及DAO水平显著低于术后第1天水平(P〈0.05),低于术前水平(P〈0.05)。PN组内毒素、D-乳酸及DAO水平显著高于术前水平(P〈0.05),和术后第1天水平无统计学差异(P〉0.05)。(3)40例肝移植病人PCR检测外周血细菌DNA片段阳性总数为25例,阳性率62.5%,术后第4天起两组有显著差异。(4)PCR大肠杆菌检出占所有细菌检出的60%。(5)40名肝移植病人27例出现全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),其中EN组12例,PN组15例,PCR阳性组SIRS发生率为96%,PCR阴性组SIRS发生率为20%,SIRS发生组PCR阳性率为88.89%,SIRS阴性组PCR阳性率为7.69%。(6)术后血细菌培养阳性率27.5%,显著低于PCR的62.5%(P〈0.01);培养阳性者,PCR均呈阳性。(7)PCR阳性组感染并发症发生率为64%(16/25),阴性组均未发生感染(0/15),二者差异有显著性(P〈0.01)。结论肝移植术后施行早期肠内营养能有效的维护肠黏膜屏障功能、防止细菌及内毒素移位,减少术后感染的发生。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨肝移植术后HBV再感染的预防与诊治。方法回顾性分析1999年8月至2004年12月98例肝移植患者临床资料。其中40例术后采用拉米夫定(lamivudine,LAM)单用方案预防HBV再感染,58例采用LAM+乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIg)联用方案。对HBV再感染者予以阿德福韦(adefovir,ADV)抗病毒治疗。结果17例肝移植患者出现HBV再感染,其中14例明确存在YMDD变异。术前血清HBVDNA阳性者术后2年HBV再感染率显著高于阴性者(P〈0.05),前者术后采用LAM+HBIg联合预防者其HBV再感染率显著低于单用LAM预防者(P〈0.05),而后者术后LAM单用和LAM+HBIg联用两组之间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。15例HBV再感染者改用ADV治疗后,13例(86.7%)于治疗后1~3个月HBVDNA转阴。结论术前降低血清HBVDNA水平和术后LAM+HBIg联合预防方案能有效降低肝移植术后HBV再感染率。对术前HBVDNA阴性者,术后可选用LAM单药预防方案。ADV能够有效地治疗肝移植术后HBV再感染,抑制HBV变异株的复制。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨用氟康唑预防重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)合并真菌感染的效果。方法将1998年7月至2004年6月收治的SAP并存真菌感染易感因素79例患者随机分预防组和对照组。预防组在常规治疗的基础上加每日静脉点滴氟康唑200mg,对照组仅给予常规治疗;观察两组患者的真菌感染的发生率、发生时间、抗真菌治疗后的真菌清除率和因真菌感染的死亡率,两组患者的住院时间。结果预防组的真菌感染率(5.3%:27.5%,P〈0.05)。因真菌感染的死亡率(5.1%:12.5%。P〈0.05),住院时间(38.3:57.4,P〈0.05)均明显低于对照组。但预防组发生真菌感染后抗真菌治疗的真菌清除率低(33%:72.7%,P〈0.05)。结论氟康唑能有效降低SAP合并真菌易感因素患者的真菌感染发生率和死亡率。缩短住院时间。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨肝移植术后真菌感染患者的免疫抑制方案。方法 我院器官移植中心从2004年1月至2005年12月实施376例成人肝移植,对术前、术中存在真菌感染危险冈素的59例患者采用IL-2(interleukin-2)受体单克隆抗体诱导方案,对术后发生真菌感染的患者在应用有效抗真菌药物的同时,调整其免疫抑制方案。结果 共有36例患者发生真菌感染,发生真菌感染的中位时间为术后19d(4~75d),其中无临床症状仅真菌培养阳性16例,20例患者出现临床感染症状,感染部位以呼吸道(11/20,55%)为主,4例患者死于严重感染。真菌菌株培养多为白色念珠菌(24/41,58.5%)。16例患者减少免疫抑制剂,20例有临床表现的患者停用免疫抑制剂,减药或停药过程中仅1例患者出现排斥反应。结论 真菌感染是肝移植术后的重要并发症,术前或术中存在真菌易感因素患者应采用IL-2受体单克隆抗体诱导方案,术后发生真菌感染的患者在应用有效抗真菌药物同时,应减少或停用免疫抑制药物。  相似文献   

9.
脾切除对肝移植预后影响的回顾性探讨   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 探讨肝移植时脾切除的适应证及对肝移植预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析我院2001年1月至2006年4月期间施行的260例背驮式肝移植,肝移植时行脾切除者共28例(脾切除组),按1:2的比例随机抽取同期肝移植时未行脾切除者56例作为对照组,对比分析2组间的感染率、1年存活率及急性排斥反应发生率。结果 脾切除组的感染率高于对照组(85.7%VS55.4%,P〈0.05),急性排斥反应发生率和1年存活率均明显低于对照组(3.6%VS14.3%,P〈0.05;46.4%VS82.1%,P〈0.05)。结论 脾切除增加肝移植术后的感染率和死亡率,除非有明确的适应证,肝移植时不宜行脾切除。  相似文献   

10.
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目的 研究肝移植术后细菌感染的流行病学规律。方法 回顾性分析175例病人180次原位肝移植术后细菌学资料。结果 肝移植术后感染率为62.8%(113/180),平均感染时间为术后第9天;共分离出菌株284株,其中革兰阴性(G^-)杆菌占54.6%(155/284);最常见的G^-杆菌为铜绿假单胞菌,最常见的革兰阳性(G^-)球菌为粪肠球菌。易感器官依次为呼吸道,腹腔和胆道,感染率分别为37.3%(106/284),31.0%(88/284),21.1%(60/284)。结论 肝移植术后细菌感染率高,并以高度耐药菌为主,肝移植术后细菌感染部位与时间及菌群间有明显相关关系。  相似文献   

11.
肝移植术后病原微生物分布及药物敏感性分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 研究肝移植术后感染特点 ,提高肝移植病人围手术期成活率。方法 通过留取的痰、血、咽拭子标本的细菌和真菌结果 ,分析 164例病人肝移植术后病原微生物分布及其药物敏感性。结果  164例肝移植病人术后有 10 0例 (61.0 %)病人送检的标本培养阳性 ,94株G-杆菌中以阴沟杆菌 (2 1株 )、产气肠杆菌 (19株 )和肺炎克雷伯杆菌 (17株 )最多见 ,亚胺培南和美洛培南对G-菌敏感性最好 (95 .7%~ 96.8%) ,头孢吡肟、环丙沙星、舒普深和特治星敏感性较好。 5 5株G 菌中表皮葡萄球菌 (2 5株 )和金黄色葡萄球菌 (14株 )为主 ,对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感(10 0 %)。 2 5株真菌中以白色念珠菌 (16株 )和光滑念珠菌 (7株 )为主。结论 肝移植术后早期使用敏感抗生素是提高围手术期成活率措施之一 ,同时应调整免疫抑制剂方案。  相似文献   

12.
目的分析真菌性血流感染的病原菌分布以及耐药特征,为真菌血流感染的早期合理用药提供理论依据。 方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年1月至2018年12月收治的真菌性血流感染者的菌群、科室分布以及耐药性。 结果入组192例真菌血流感染者的血培养样本中共分离192株真菌,其中白色念珠菌检出率为31.77%(61/192),其次热带念珠菌检出率为18.75%(36/192);重症医学科检出率最高为33.85%(65/192)。所有菌株均对两性霉素B敏感,对其他抗菌药物耐药率分别为5-氟胞嘧啶4.49%(9/192)、伊曲康唑5.73%(11/192)、氟康唑10.94%(21/192)和伏立康唑11.46%(22/192);除两性霉素B外,2016至2018年真菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均逐年上升,其中2018年所分离192株光滑念珠菌对伊曲康唑耐药菌率达46.7%。 结论真菌血流感染病原菌以念珠菌属为主,对目前抗真菌药物具有较高敏感性,但耐药率逐年上升,加强监测血培养病原菌变化及耐药趋势对指导临床用药至关重要。  相似文献   

13.
Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing solid organ transplantation. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence of invasive fungal infections in solid organ recipients within a dedicated intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2002 to May 2005, 278 patients undergoing solid organ transplantation (105 liver, 142 kidney, 20 lung, 2 combined liver-kidney, 9 combined pancreas-kidney) were admitted to our posttransplant intensive care unit. We retrospectively analyzed data obtained from the ICU stay. Fungal infection was defined by positivity of normally sterile biological samples and by elevated positivity of normally non sterile biological samples. We did not consider superficial fungal infections and asymptomatic colonizations. RESULTS: Forty-six patients (16.5%) developed a fungal infection; at least one mycotic agent was isolated from each patient. Candida albicans was the most common pathogen, isolated from 71 % of infected patients (33 of 46). Infected patients showed a mortality rate of 35%, while that for non infected recipients was 3.5%. Total length of ICU stay was the most significant risk factor among infected patients (30.26 days vs 5.04 days P < .0001). Mean time between transplantation and first positive samples was 6.17 days (SD 8.88). CONCLUSION: Fungal infections in solid organ transplant patients are a major issue because of their associated morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans was the most common pathogen and total length of ICU stay was the most important risk factor.  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND: This study determines whether the spectrum, risk factors, and outcome of invasive candidiasis in liver transplant recipients have changed. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive liver transplant recipients with invasive candidiasis were prospectively studied in a case-controlled, multicenter study. One control was matched with the case for duration of hospitalization and the other for antibiotic use so that risk factors unique in liver transplantation could be elicited. RESULTS: In matched-pair analysis, antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (odds ratio [OR] 8.3, P=0.002), posttransplant dialysis (OR 7.6, P=0.0009), and retransplantation (OR 16.4, P=0.0018) were independently significant predictors of invasive candidiasis. Candida spp. included C. albicans in 65% of patients, C. glabrata in 21%, C. tropicalis in 9%, C. parapsilosis in 3%, and C. guilliermondii in 3%. Patients with C. albicans infections were less likely to have received antifungal prophylaxis than those with non-albicans Candida infections (13.6% vs. 50%, P=0.04). The mortality rate was 36.1% for the cases and 2.8% for the controls (OR 25.0, 95% confidence interval, 6.2-100.5, P=0.0002). Non-albicans Candida infections (P=0.04) and prior antifungal prophylaxis (P=0.05) correlated with poorer outcome in the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has identified predictors for Candida infections in the current era that have implications relevant for targeting the prophylaxis toward the high-risk patients. Routine use of antifungal prophylaxis warrants concern given the emergence of non-albicans Candida spp. as significant pathogens after liver transplantation and higher mortality in patients with these infections.  相似文献   

15.
目的了解恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的病原菌分布及其耐药特征。方法对浙江省肿瘤医院2004-2008年恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的病原菌及耐药情况进行统计分析。结果共检出病原菌3454株,其中革兰阴性菌1900株,占55.0%,真菌838株,占24.3%,革兰阳性菌716株,占20.7%。主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌和白假丝酵母菌,主要通过手术切口、泌尿道、呼吸道和口腔等引起感染。革兰阴性菌中的大肠埃希菌和革兰阳性菌中的葡萄球菌耐药率高,真菌中的白假丝酵母菌对各种抗真菌药物均较敏感。结论恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的病原菌以条件致病菌为主,部分细菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况相当严重。  相似文献   

16.
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants with cholestatic jaundice. This may be attributed to altered host defense mechanisms. Fungal infection frequently occurs in immunocompromised patients. This study evaluates the effect of biliary obstruction on blood clearance and organ localization of radiolabeled viable Candida albicans. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (140 to 150 g) were placed in 2 groups. Group I (n = 30) were sham-operated controls. Group II (n = 90) underwent ligation and division of the distal common bile duct (CDL). At 1, 2, and 3 weeks following CDL, 10(7) cells/mL radiolabeled viable C albicans were injected via the tail vein. The final distribution of the organisms was calculated and expressed as the mean percent of radiolabeled organisms per gram and per total organ. Blood clearance of C albicans was similarly rapid in both groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the trapping of fungi by the rat liver Kupffer cells (20.3% +/- 7.9% v control 42.5% +/- 15%; P greater than .001), and increased pulmonary localization of bacteria 3 weeks following CDL (53.6% +/- 13.2% v control 41.4% +/- 6.4%). The significant decrease in liver trapping and increased lung localization of C albicans in CDL rats, may result in systemic reemergence of fungi and play a role in the susceptibility to fungal infection in jaundiced subjects.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to analyze the type and antibiotic susceptibility of fungi isolated from clinical specimens obtained from patients hospitalized in the Department of General, Transplantation and Liver Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw between 2000 to 2002. Among the 326 clinical samples found to be positive on mycological culture, 356 strains were cultured. The most common isolates were yeastlike fungi of the genus Candida 334 (93.8%), while others included 33 other types (6.2%). The most commonly isolated species were Candida albicans, 194 strains (54.5%); Candida glabrata, 68 (19.1%); Candida krusei, 20 (5.6%); Candida inconspicua, 20 (5.6%); Candida tropicalis, 17 (4.8%); and Candida parapsilosis, 6 (1.7%). Upon testing for susceptibility to antifungal agents, all strains were susceptible to amphotericin B, while 43.8% of strains showed intermediate susceptibility to fluconazole and 25.3%, to itraconazole. Control of fungal infections in transplant and in immunocompromised patients is hindered by the low percentage of strains susceptible to commonly used antifungal agents, particularly of the triazole group.  相似文献   

18.
Fungal infections in liver transplant recipients   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
Sixty-two adults who underwent orthotopic liver transplantations between February 1981 and June 1983 were followed for a mean of 170 days after the operation. Twenty-six patients developed 30 episodes of significant fungal infection. Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata were responsible for 22 episodes and Aspergillus species for 6. Most fungal infections occurred in the first month after transplantation. In the first 8 weeks after transplantation, death occurred in 69% (18/26) of patients with fungal infection but in only 8% (3/36) of patients without fungal infection (P less than 0.0005). The cause of death, however, was usually multifactorial, and not solely due to the fungal infection. Fungal infections were associated with the following clinical factors: administration of preoperative steroids (P less than 0.05) and antibiotics (P less than 0.05), longer transplant operative time (P less than 0.02), longer posttransplant operative time (P less than 0.01), duration of antibiotic use after transplant surgery (P less than 0.001), and the number of steroid boluses administered to control rejection in the first 2 posttransplant months (P less than 0.01). Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had fewer fungal infections than patients with other underlying liver diseases (P less than 0.05). A total of 41% (9/22) of Candida infections resolved, but all Aspergillus infections ended in death.  相似文献   

19.
目的探究肝移植术后腹、胸腔感染常见病原菌分布及耐药情况。 方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院肝胆外科2011年1月至2017年12月343例行同种异体原位肝移植术受者临床资料,分析围手术期腹腔和胸腔感染情况、常见病原菌及耐药情况。腹、胸腔感染常见病原菌分布比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果343例肝移植受者中,围手术期48例单独发生腹腔感染,61例单独发生胸腔感染,10例同时发生腹、胸腔感染,15例因感染导致死亡。发生腹腔感染的受者腹腔引流液共培养出106株病原菌,屎肠球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和溶血葡萄球菌为最常见的病原菌,分别占19.8%(21/106)、15.1%(16/106)和11.3%(12/106)。发生胸腔感染的受者胸腔引流液共培养出99株病原菌,鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为最常见的病原菌,分别占26.3%(26/99)、18.2%(18/99)和17.2%(17/99)。腹、胸腔感染常见病原菌(鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌)感染分布差距均有统计学意义(χ2=3.92、135.62、162.14、11.09和6.81,P均<0.05)。药敏试验结果示鲍曼不动杆菌对青霉素类、喹诺酮类和碳青霉烯类抗生素均已耐药(>90%),仅对替加环素较为敏感(27%);铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类和替加环素耐药率最低(11%);肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星和替加环素耐药率最低(6%);革兰阳性球菌(屎肠球菌和溶血葡萄球菌)对替考拉宁、万古霉素和替加环素最为敏感;真菌对氟康唑最敏感。 结论肝移植术后围手术期腹、胸腔感染发生率均较高,且病原学分布各有特点,术后应积极反复进行相关病原学检查,并根据药敏试验结果合理使用抗生素。  相似文献   

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