民间传说中抗生育植物的筛选研究

本文主要研究南、西太平洋及附近地区80种植物的水、乙醇及石油醚提取物对大鼠生殖功能的影响。在表1及表2中列出了民间传说的抗生育植物及种属相近的植物、取材部位和毒性指标。除少数例外,植物样品均经阴干。取1     

蒿属植物在胃肠道疾病防治中的药理作用及其机制研究进展

蒿属植物在世界各国胃肠道疾病传统防治中有广泛应用,现代药理研究验证了蒿属植物提取物及其活性成分异泽兰黄素、dehydryleucodine等的临床前及临床治疗效果。艾蒿、茵陈等蒿属植物是传统中药,具有广泛的药理活性;然而,国内对其在胃肠道疾病防治中的应用及现代研究相对滞后。主要综述了蒿属植物在胃肠道疾病防治中的药理作用及其机制研究进展,以期为蒿属植物的创新应用及中药现代化研究提供借鉴。     

金鸡菊属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

金鸡菊属植物原产北美、非洲南部及夏威夷群岛等地,后被引入我国,该属植物含有挥发油类、黄酮类、炔类、苯丙素类、萜类、甾类等化学成分。该属植物具有调血脂、降血压、降血糖、抗氧化、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶及抗菌等活性,还具有很高的观赏价值。综述了金鸡菊属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,为进一步开发利用金鸡菊属植物提供参考。     

山楂属植物研究概况

本文综述了国内外近年来对山楂属植物的研究概况,包括植物、化学成分及药理。     

几种常见植物标本的保色方法在教学中的应用

制作植物原色标本主要包括采集、保色、保存这三个过程,对于类型丰富的植物资源,能否运用最适宜的保色方法来处理植物直接决定了标本成品的质量高低。本文经过查阅近几年的研究文献,对绿色、红色、黄色、白色、多色等植物的保色方法进行了归纳总结,为在教学中制作高品质的植物标本及保色、保存技术提供具有意义的参考。     

电子显微镜术在现代生药学研究中的应用

生药学研究的范围极其广泛,内容十分丰富,包括植物、动物和矿物来源的药物,涉及到植物分类、生药形态组织结构、化学成分、生药鉴定、药理作用及临床应用等方面。电镜术及有关新技术的应用,对现代生药学的发展具有很重要的意义。本文简要地综述了电子显微镜在生药植物鉴定、中药材炮炙,有效成分形成、组织培养和植物病虫害等方面的应用,供有关同志参考。 (一)商品生药原植物的鉴定 1.从花粉粒鉴定生药的原植物:通过光学显微镜和电镜观察测量,研究花粉粒大     

泽泻属植物化学成分与药理活性

综述了泽泻属植物中的四环三萜类、倍半萜类、二萜类及其他化合物,总结了泽泻属植物提取物与部分单体的药理活性。     

苦苣菜属植物化学成分与药理作用

苦苣菜属植物主要含倍半萜类及黄酮类化合物,此外还含有香豆素类、木脂素类、甘油酸酯苷类等化合物。该属植物及其提取物具有保肝、抗肿瘤、利尿、降血糖、降血压、降胆固醇、抗炎、抗氧化、抗凝血、抗菌、解毒、对脑缺血缺氧脑保护等药理作用。综述了近年来对苦苣菜属植物化学成分及药理作用研究情况,为国内研发和推广该属植物提供依据。     

光学活性19—去甲基甾体避孕激素全合成的发展

本世纪二十年代前后,人们就开始了甾体激素分离及其生理活性的研究。由于甾体激素及某些衍生物的明显生理活性及医疗效用,甾体激素化学及工业生产研究得到了迅速发展。开始时曾经利用动、植物甾固醇为原料制备某些激素,但工业路线较长、收率较低。现在较广泛应用的是天然的皂甙元,如薯芋科植物中提取的薯芋皂甙元、剑麻植物中的铁柯皂甙元及蕃麻     

伞形科植物多倍体育种研究进展

植物多倍体具有营养器官的巨大性、抗逆性强、药用成分含量高等特性,在植物育种中有很重要的作用。本文对主要的伞形科植物多倍体育种的研究进展进行了总结,包括人工诱导染色体加倍的原理、多倍体形态特征和鉴定方法等进行了介绍,提出了在伞形科植物多倍体育种中存在的问题及发展前景。     

Plants of the Amaryllidaceae family grown and introduced in Georgia: A source of galanthamine

A series of plants of the Amaryllidaceae family (Galanthus woronowii A. Los., Galanthus krasnowii Hohrjakov, Galanthus caucasicus Bacer A. Grossheim, Galanthus latifolius Wor, Leucojum aestivum L., Stenbergia colchiciflora Waldst et Kit, Pancratium maritimum L., Crinum giganteum L., Narcissus tazetta L.), grown and introduced in Georgia, has been studied for their alkaloid composition. Alkaloids galanthamine, lycorine, tazettine, galanthine, galanthusine, demethylhomolycorine, and gemanthamine have been isolated and chemically characterized. The dynamics of galanthamine accumulation during vegetation has been studied. It is established that the content of galanthamine reaches maximum in bulbs at the end of the vegetation stage (except for L. aestivum, in which the maximum is reached at the beginning of vegetation). The bulbs should be harvested in the indicated vegetation periods. The plants of G. woronowii, G. krasnowii, N. tazetta, and L. aestivum species are recommended as raw materials for obtaining galanthamine hydrobromide. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 38–40, September, 2007.     

酸模属中草药的调查鉴定与成分分析

本文在全国调查的基础上,对酸模属中草药的9种原植物:酸模(Rumex acetosa),羊蹄(R.japonicus)、巴天酸模(R.patientia)、皱叶酸模(R.crispus)、尼泊尔酸模(R.nepalensis)、毛脉酸模(R.gmelini)、狭叶酸模(R.stenophyllus)、钝叶酸模(R.obtusi foliue)和红丝酸模(R.chalepensis)进行了分类鉴定研究。化学分析的结果表明。这9种植物的根部均含有抗真菌有效成分酸模素(nepodin),还均含有大黄素、大黄素甲醚和大黄酚等蒽醌衍生物;总蒽醌含量为0.44～3.18%。与大黄属(Rheum)药用植物比较,酸模属药用植物的结合型蒽醌与游离型的含量相差不太悬殊,而且有时后者还较前者为高。     

Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activities in Philippine Medicinal and Food Plants

Abstract

In developing countries there is increasing interest and research in the area of herbal medicines as an approach to reducing costs of health care. The chemically complex nature of these medicinal preparations results in a significant increased risk of toxicity, including genotoxicity. A total of 138 medicinal plant preparations used in the Philippines have been examined for genotoxicity using various short term bacterial and mammalian tests. Of the plants examined only the following 12 exhibited detectable genotoxicity in any system: Alli um sativum L., Aloe barbadensis Miller, Archangelisa flava (L.) Merr., Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray, Capsicum frutescens L., Entada phaseoliodes (L.) Merr., Moringa oleifera K., Nfrium indicum Mill., Piper betle L., Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth., Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr., and Plantaqo major L. Little is known about the chemical nature of the mutagenic agents in these preparations.

Some plants also contain substances which reduce genotoxicity either by acting directly on the mutagen (desmutagens) or by acting on the affected organism (antimutagens). Examination of Philippine food and medicinal plants has identified numerous plants which contain antimutagenic activity. The chemical nature of the antimutagens has not been established but it has been speculated that part of the activity could be related to the vitamin content.     

石蒜科生物碱的研究 Ⅰ.中国水仙中的生物碱

本文报告了中国水仙Narcissus,tazetta L.var.chinensis Roem.中的6种結晶性生物碱的研究結果。这些生物碱分別証明与lycorine,pluviine,tazettine,homolycorine,lycorenine,pseudolycorine相同。pseudolycorine系用Reinecke銨盐法分得,为中国水仙中的主要生物碱,曾經学者多人研究,迄今尚未从水仙属植物中分得。     

Antinociceptive Effect of some Amaryllidaceae Plants in Mice

The antinociceptive effects of ethanolic extracts of Pancratium maritimum L., Narcissus tazetta subspecies tazetta and Leucojum aestivum L. bulbs have been investigated in mice using the p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction and hot-plate tests. In the p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test the ethanolic extracts of P. maritimum (300, 600 or 1200 mg lg^?, s.c.) and N. tazetta subsp. tazetta (5, 50, 100 or 200 mg kg^?, s.c.) caused dose-dependent inhibition of abdominal constrictions whereas a fluctuating response was obtained from ethanolic extracts of L. aestivum (2.5–500 mg kg^?, s.c). In the hot-plate test P. maritimum and L. aestivum caused a significant increase of latency only at the highest concentrations used (1200 mg kg^? and 500 mg kg^?, i.p., respectively). However, at these concentrations they also caused significant toxic effects. In contrast with P. maritimum and L aestivum, N. tazetta subsp. tazetta (5–500 mg kg^?, i.p.) extracts had no antinociceptive effect in this test. These findings indicate that the antinociceptive effect of Amaryllidaceae plants differs depending on the model of nociception investigated.     

Comparison of some secondary metabolite content in the seventeen species of the Boraginaceae family

Context: The Boraginaceae family comprises plants that have important therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Their pharmacological effect is related to the presence of naphthaquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, or purine derivative – allantoin.

Objective: In the present study, comparison of some secondary metabolite content and phytochemical relationship between 17 species of the Boraginaceae family were analyzed.

Materials and methods: High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was used to perform a chemometric analysis in the following Boraginaceae species: Anchusa azurea Mill., Anchusa undulata L., Borago officinalis L., Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst., Cerinthe minor L., Cynoglossum creticum Mill, Echium italicum L., Echium russicum J.F. Gmel., Echium vulgare L., Lindelofia macrostyla (Bunge) Popov (syn. Lindelofia anchusoides (Lindl.) Lehm.), Lithospermum officinale L., Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC., Omphalodes verna Moench (syn. Cynoglossum omphaloides L.), Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., Pulmonaria obscura Dumort., Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit ex Willd., and Symphytum officinale L.

Results: Six active compounds in shoot extracts (allantoin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, hydrocaffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four compounds in root extracts (allantoin, hydrocaffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin) were identified. The presence and abundance of these compounds were used for the characterization of the species and for revealing their phytochemical similarity and differentiation.

Discussion and conclusion: The present study provides the first comprehensive report of the extraction and quantification of several compounds in Boraginaceae species (some of them for the first time). Among the 17 species studied, species with potentially high pharmacological activity were recognized.     

东北地区药用植物採集调查初步报告

本文目的旨在报導关于中國东北藥用植物分布情况,作为研究中藥的参考。作者以及在本組工作的前人从1938到1955年,經过多次調查采集獲得了約2000种本地植物,其中包括有300—400种藥用植物,并且还有156种著名的中藥例如:人参、甘帅、麻黄、細辛、烏头、龍胆及紫等。这些藥物都是量多而質优的。其中还有些已經在大量栽培。东北藥用植物資源非常丰富,尚有待于進一步地調查和研究。     

Inhibition of crown-gall tumorigenesis with plant extracts

Measurement of the inhibition of crown-gall tumors on potato discs is an antitumor bioassay method for detection of anti-tumor compounds from higher plants. In this study, after surface sterilization, tuber discs were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens B₆S₃ for two days. The discs were then inoculated on MS media with the crude extracts obtained from different parts of various plants – Allium sativum L. (Liliaceae), Salvia verbenaca L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Ocimum basiculum L., Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae), Althaea cannabina L. (Malvaceae), Petroselinum sativum Mill. (Apiaceae), Pelargonium radicula L. (Geraniaceaea), Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), Platanus orientalis L. (Platanaceae), Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Ranunculus ficaria L. (Ranunculaceae), and Abies equi-trojani Aschers. et Sint. Ex Boiss (Pinaceae). Tumors appeared after 10-15 days, and tumor inhibition was detected only in six plant extracts of 13 (A. sativum, R. officinalis, P. orientalis, L. nobilis, R. ficaria, and A. equi-trojani) when compared to control material. Constitutive tumor inhibition activities were higher in these plant extracts (63.5%, 56.1%, 61.7%, 54.6%, 69.7%, and 57.9% at 0 min; 58.8%, 54.6%, 58.8%, 48.4%, 62.6%, and 51.6% for 15?min after bacterial inoculation).     

卷丹中新甾体皂苷的分离和鉴定

目的研究卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)鳞叶的化学成分。方法用各种色谱技术进行分离和纯化,用MALDI-TOF-MS,HR-SI-MS,IR,¹HNMR,₁₃CNMR,DEPT,¹H-¹H COSY,HMQC和HMBC等光谱和波谱技术鉴定其结构。结果从卷丹鳞叶中分得2个甾体皂苷,鉴定化合物1为薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-［β-D-木糖基(1→3)］-β-D-葡萄糖苷,化合物2为薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-［α-L-阿拉伯糖基(1→3)］-β-D-葡萄糖苷。结论化合物2为新化合物,命名为卷丹皂苷A。     

16种国产紫珠叶的扫描电镜观察与鉴别

用扫描电镜技术对国产16种紫珠叶表面的各种细微结构特征进行比较观察,根据实验结果制定出供鉴别的检索表。本研究证明扫描电镜对叶类生药鉴定有较大实用价值