HPLC-MS/MS同时检测大鼠血浆中阿托伐他汀和伏立康唑的浓度

目的建立并应用同时测定大鼠血浆中阿托伐他汀和伏立康唑浓度的液相质谱联用方法（HPLC-MS/MS）,研究阿托伐他 汀单独给药及与伏立康唑联合给药后,大鼠体内阿托伐他汀的药动学变化以及伏立康唑的浓度变化。方法采用醋酸钠酸化, 甲基叔丁基醚液-液萃取法处理血浆样品,经Thermo Hypersil Gold C1（8 2.1×100 mm, 1.9 μm）色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲 酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,分析时间6 min;质谱检测采用加热电喷雾离子源（H-ESI）正离子扫描方式,选择反应监测（SRM）模式检 测,选用m/z559.2→440.2（阿托伐他汀）、m/z350.2→281（伏立康唑）、m/z370.2→252（内标兰索拉唑）作为定量分析的离子。结 果阿托伐他汀在0.01~100 ng/mL（r=0.9957）,伏立康唑在0.025~100 ng/mL（r=0.9966）范围内线性关系良好,阿托伐他汀和伏 立康唑的日间和日内精密度均小于13%,提取回收率66.50%~82.67%,血浆样品稳定性符合测定要求。单独给药和联合给药后 大鼠血浆中阿托伐他汀的AUC0-24 h分别为（438.78±139.61）和（927.43±204.12)）h·μg·L-1,CLz/F分别为（23.89±8.14）和（10.43± 2.58）L·h-1·kg-1,Cmax分别为（149.62±131.10）和（159.37±36.83）μg·L-1,t1/2分别为（5.08±1.63）和（5.58±2.11）h,Tmax分别为（0.37± 0.14）和（3.60±1.52）h,其中AUC0-24 h和CLz/F,Tmax具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。同时可测定合并给药组中伏立康唑的血药浓度。 结论本方法简单快速,灵敏度高,可用于同时检测大鼠血浆中阿托伐他汀和伏立康唑的浓度。伏立康唑和阿托伐他汀联用,使 阿托伐他汀的部分药代动力学参数发生了改变。     

黎药材海南牛耳枫大鼠体内药动学研究

目的研究大鼠灌胃给药海南牛耳枫提取物后槲皮素在大鼠体内的药物动力学特征。方法采用LC-MS/MS法,测定灌胃给药后大鼠血浆中槲皮素的浓度变化,用DAS2.0药动学软件处理,计算药动学参数。结果大鼠灌胃给药海南牛耳枫提取物后槲皮素在大鼠体内动力学参数为Tmax=（0.195±0.155）h,Cmax=（35.00±15.30）ng/ml,AUC0-t=（66.82±21.77）ng/（ml·h）,t1/2=（5.736±2.513）h。结论该法选择性强、灵敏度高,适用于药材及制剂中槲皮素的体内药动学研究。     

羟基红花黄色素A在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的：研究羟基红花黄色素A在大鼠体内的药代动力学.方法：羟基红花黄色素A大鼠尾静脉注射给药和灌胃给药，HPLC测定血浆中药物的含量，3P97计算药代动力学参数；大鼠胆管插管收集给药后24h胆汁；代谢笼收集大鼠给药后24h尿样和粪便。结果：静脉注射给药符合二室开放模型，胆汁累积排泄量为1．32％，尿中24h累积排泄率为88．6％，粪便中没有检测到药物。灌胃给药绝对生物利用度是1．2％；胆汁累积排泄量为0．062％；尿中24h累积排泄率为2．9％；粪便24h累积排泄率为48％。结论：羟基红花黄色素A大鼠口服吸收较差，有胆汁外排效应；血中药物以肾排泄为主。     

匹伐他汀片在中国健康人体的单、多剂量药动学

目的建立快速、灵敏的匹伐他汀人体内血药浓度的液相色谱-质谱测定法,研究匹伐他汀片在中国健康人体内的单、多剂量药动学。方法 30名健康志愿者随机分为3组,每组10人（男女各半）,分别口服匹伐他汀低、中、高3个剂量（1 mg、2 mg、4 mg）进行单剂量药动学研究,2 mg剂量组继续给药（每天1次,连续7 d）,进行多剂量药动学研究。采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定血浆中匹伐他汀的浓度,并采用PKS程序对试验数据进行处理,求算有关药动学参数。结果健康受试者单剂量给药1、2、4 mg匹伐他汀后主要的药动学参数：Cmax（30.89±11.05）μg.L-1、（74.02±35.71）μg.L-1、（123.70±26.37）μg.L-1;Tmax（0.78±0.18）h、（0.73±0.25）h、（0.70±0.16）h;T1/2（9.80±3.33）h、（10.81±1.96）h、（12.79±3.00）h;AUC0-48（90.51±31.10）μg.h.L-1、（225.89±82.71）μg.h.L-1、（350.15±70.25）μg.h.L-1;AUC0-∞（93.72±32.72）μg.h.L-1、（232.15±86.22）μg.h.L-1、（365.39±75.46）μg.h.L-1。中剂量组10名受试者多次口服受试药2 mg后主要药动学参数：Cmax（80.26±19.43）μg.L-1;Tmax（0.75±0.29）h;T1/2（10.76±1.96）h;AUC0-48（270.53±98.44）μg.h.L-1;AUC0-∞（280.55±104.97）μg.h.L-1;波动度DF为（8.21±2.11）%。结论匹伐他汀在连续多次给药后,体内无蓄积现象,血药浓度第5天已达稳态。匹伐他汀的剂量与Cmax、AUC0-∞和AUC0-24呈正相关关系;匹伐他汀的体内过程在男女性别间差异无显著性。匹伐他汀片单、多剂量给药后在中国健康人体内的药动学行为与国外文献报道基本一致。     

阿托伐他汀干预对大鼠炎性反应水平和心肌纤维化的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对经醛固酮诱导而成的心肌纤维化模型动物的干预作用及机制.方法 将40只SD大鼠进行右肾切除术后分为模型组、通心络组、阿托伐他汀组与空白组.模型组给予皮下注射醛固酮+蒸馏水灌胃,通心络组给予皮下注射醛固酮+通心络灌胃,阿托伐他汀组给予皮下注射醛固酮+阿托伐他汀灌胃,空白组给予皮下注射生理盐水+蒸馏水灌胃,给药28d后处死实验动物并测量相关指标.结果 显微镜下阿托伐他汀组大鼠心肌组织中胶原纤维以轻微纹路状红柒分布.阿托伐他汀组大鼠的血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)-A、B与血小板衍生生长因子受体α(PDGFR-α)的免疫组织化学阳性表达情况介于空白组与模型组大鼠之间,更接近于空白组大鼠.通心络组和阿托伐他汀组平均动脉压(MABP)、胶原容积分数(CVF)、血管周围胶原面积比、PDGF-A、PDGF-B、PDGFR-α明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).通心络组和阿托伐他汀组MABP和CVF明显高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀对醛固酮诱导的心肌纤维化进程有抑制作用,可以缓解心肌细胞外基质中胶原纤维的沉积,起到保护心血管的作用.     

枇杷叶提取物中科罗索酸在糖尿病大鼠体内的药动学研究

[目的]建立高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC),测定枇杷叶提取物中科罗索酸在糖尿病大鼠体内的血药浓度,并探讨其在病理模型大鼠体内药动学特征。[方法]SD糖尿病模型大鼠给予枇杷叶提取物灌胃,在不同时间点眼后静脉丛取血,预处理后测定血浆中科罗索酸的浓度,经DAS 2.0软件处理数据。[结果]枇杷叶提取物中科罗索酸在糖尿病大鼠体内的药动学符合二房室模型,科罗索酸在体内较快地被吸收,给药后1.5 h即达到峰浓度,峰浓度为(0.922±0.182) mg/L,其他主要药动学参数:吸收速率常数为(2.754±0.382)/h、分布半衰期为(0.879±0.295)h、消除半衰期为(8.752±3.561)h、24 h药时曲线下面积为(5.528±1.357)mg·h/L。[结论]高效液相色谱法测定血浆中科罗索酸浓度准确、简便,适用于枇杷叶提取物中科罗索酸的药动学研究。     

阿托伐他汀钙片在健康志愿者的药代动力学研究

目的:探究给予志愿者单次空腹口服阿托伐他汀钙片后的药代动力学.方法:选24例该院常规健康体检24例健康志愿者为对象,均单次空服口服20 mg阿托伐他汀钙片,分别于受试前以及受试后的不同时间点对受试对象的血样进行采集和测定.结果:受试对象在给药后的阿托伐他汀最大血药浓度(Cmax)为(10.26 +11.88)μg/L,血浆消除半衰期(t1/2)为(11.40±3.29)h,从0至t时的AUC0-t为(54.27±37.15) μg/h/L,o-OAT的Cmax值为(7.83±4.21) μg/L,t1/2x值为(12.31±4.22)h,p-OAT的Cmax值为(0.57±0.32) μg/L,t1/2x值为(18.61±3.68)h.结论:对阿托伐他汀在健康人体内的研究有助于临床用药时间的合理化,从而发挥药物的最大药效.     

阿托伐他汀升高秋水仙碱血浆浓度及潜在机制研究

目的 探索他汀类药物影响秋水仙碱体内药代动力学的环节及可能机制。方法 采用大鼠体内药代动力学及在体肠灌流方法，利用HPLC检测血液及肠灌流液中秋水仙碱的含量，考察大鼠分别给予阿托伐他汀或维拉帕米后，秋水仙碱在肠道吸收的情况。使用DAS软件计算房室模型及相关PK参数。结果 大鼠给予阿托伐他汀或维拉帕米后，秋水仙碱的Cmax和AUC显著增加(P<0.05),但tmax、kα、k10、k12、k21差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在体肠灌流试验显示，阿托伐他汀或维拉帕米均可增加秋水仙碱的吸收参数kα和Papp(P<0.05),但对秋水仙碱的kα和Papp的增加，阿托伐他汀与维拉帕米间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 他汀类药物可增加秋水仙碱的肠道吸收，可能是他汀类药物通过抑制P糖蛋白(P-gp)减少了秋水仙碱外排实现的。     

阿托伐他汀对脓毒症大鼠血浆一氧化氮的影响

[目的]探讨阿托伐他汀对脓毒症大鼠血浆一氧化氮(NO) 的影响.[方法]健康雄性大鼠75只,随机分为对照组、脓毒症组、阿托伐他汀组,每组25只.对照组行假手术;脓毒症组行盲肠结扎穿孔术(CPL);阿托伐他汀组,用阿托伐他汀灌胃,行盲肠结扎穿孔术(CPL).分别在术后0 、2 、6、10、24 h时间点采血,检测血浆NO水平.取肺、空肠标本,HE染色后,光镜下检查组织病理学改变.[结果]NO浓度在脓毒症组血浆术后6 h明显升高,24 h达到峰值(329.04±21.14)μmoL/L;在阿托伐他汀组术后10 h明显升高,在24 h达到峰值(209.53±10.68) μmoL/L.在6 h,10 h,24 h时间点,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).病理改变:对照组无明显病理改变,脓毒症组肺、肠壁组织坏死充血,炎细胞浸润,阿托伐他汀组炎症反应介于两者之间.[结论]阿托伐他汀可能延缓脓毒症大鼠血浆NO上升速度,减轻炎症反应.     

黄连中5种小檗碱型生物碱在糖尿病大鼠体内的药动学

目的:研究灌胃黄连水提物后,其中所含的小檗碱、黄连碱、表小檗碱、药根碱及巴马汀等5种小檗碱型生物碱在糖尿病模型大鼠和正常大鼠体内的药动学行为.方法:采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱发大鼠实验性糖尿病模型,与正常大鼠共同饲养6周后,灌胃给予黄连水提物,于给药后0.25,0.5,1.0,1.5,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,12和24 h眼底静脉丛取血,分离血浆后以LC-MS方法同时测定血浆中小檗碱、黄连碱、表小檗碱、药根碱和巴马汀的浓度,以DAS软件拟合求算相关药动学参数.结果:小檗碱型生物碱在正常大鼠体内的生物利用度较差,但在糖尿病模型大鼠体内,5种生物碱的cmax提高了1.7-3.3倍,AUXo-24提高了1.5-3.5倍.结论:糖尿病可能对5种生物碱在体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程中一个或多个环节产生影响,提高了其体内生物利用度,有利于其治疗作用的发挥.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.