Calculator programmed assistance in making cell cultures

Summary A calculator program and instructions are presented for facilitating the preparation of single cell suspensions to be used in cell culture systems. The program has been written for the Texas Instruments Inc. TI-59 programmable calculator with printer. The instructions provided are intended for the novice with no previous programming experience and only a basic understanding of the calculator operation. The program provides the appropriate volume and cell concentration of the inoculum cell suspension for a given set of culture parameters. It also provides options for culture initiation when the cell yield in the concentrated suspension is insufficient to satisfy the parameters selected.     

Differentiation between diseases using a programmable hand-held calculator and Bayes'' theorem: Application to lower gastrointestinal tract disorders

A program is presented for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C programmable pocket calculator that computes posterior probabilities of more than 200 diseases on the basis of Bayes' theorem. Data for specific applications are stored in ASCII files. The program and data are retained in the non-volatile memory of the calculator. An example of the application of the program to six lower gastrointestinal tract disorders is given using data from the literature.     

A computer program in BASIC for estimation of ED50 and LD50

A BASIC computer program for calculating ED50 and LD50 values and their confidence limits by probit analysis and weighted linear regression is presented. It also includes the Chi square procedure for testing the mathematical model and allows on-screen high resolution graphic display. The portable program can easily be modified for use in different models of microcomputers.     

Fourier analysis of biological signals with a programmable calculator

A Fourier analysis program written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator is presented. The program determines the Fourier coefficients of any time varying periodic signal.     

Calculation of O2 saturation and of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve for different species,using a new programmable pocket calculator

The degree of O2 saturation and different data of acid-base status are determined from pO2, pH, and pCO2 values bya programmable pocket calculator. Since the operating program should be usable for different species and also in the range of very low O2 saturations, obviously the usual Hill equation for calculating the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is not applicable; the same is true is some cases for the Adair equation. Thus a 3-fold subdivision of the dissociation curve was undertaken and programmed. Suitable programs for several species could be established despite the limited number of program steps in the new calculator, giving systematic deviations in calculated O2 saturations of less than or equal to +/- 0.9 saturation precent over the full range of dissociation curves. A reverse procedure for calculation of pO2 from saturation is added. In situations where pCO2 or base excess are not known or only estimated, limits of the arising error are stated. In the acid-base program 7 parameters are evaluated partially using empirical formulae derived from nomograms. The programmable pocket calculator offers advantages of small size, economy, and independence of line voltage compared to much more spacious units and a precision equal or superior to nomograms.     

A pocket calculator program to sort data

A program is presented for use with a TI59 calculator in sorting up to 98 data.     

A pocket calculator program to evaluate confidence limits for the relative risk

A program for the TI-59 calculator is given which calculates confidence limits for the relative risk. Figures giving measures of timing and accuracy are presented.     

Frequency analysis with a programmable calculator

A program written for the Texas Instrument SR-52 programmable calculator is presented which will calculate the gain, DB gain and phase shift of a transfer function for any input frequency.     

Program for estimation of severity in valvular stenosis

This paper presents a program written for a Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator equipped with “Texas Instruments Thermal Printer PC-100C”, for estimation of severity in valvular stenosis. The major constraint imposed on the program was that it should be operable by a physician, nurse, or technician with previous computer experience. The program uses the hydraulic Gorlin and Gorlin formula for the valve areas calculation and a typical run is presented.     

A pocket calculator program for Duncan's New Multiple Range Test and analysis of variance

A program for the TI-59 calculator to be used in analysis of variance and testing of significance of differences between each mean and every other mean by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test is presented. The test is both simple and powerful for data involving more than two treatment groups in a completely random design. Up to six groups with any number of replicates may be analyzed with this program.     

A subroutine for rounding of numbers. Program in BASIC and for programmable calculators

The present programs were developed to compensate for the poor precision of some microcomputer-BASICs, and to avoid printing of the non-significant figures of a numerical result. The program will round any number to a user defined number of significant digits. The subroutine is well suited for statistical programs. It enables the programmer to control the precision and format of numerical output. The program is given in two versions, one in BASIC and one for the programmable calculator TI-59.     

Simple linear filtering of time series data on a programmable calculator

A program is presented for the Texas Instruments SR-52 calculator which calculates moving averages of time series data. In addition to providing averages the programs also keeps track of which data item in a sequence to enter next.     

FILEMAN41C--an interactive data management system for biomedical data selected from a free definable file by a pocket calculator

An interactive system for the storage, retrieval and analysis of numerous clinical data is described. Due to the simple structure of the dialogue, no special knowledge of computer handling is required by the experimenter. The program is written for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C pocket calculator and is suitable for a number of moderately sized experiments.     

Bayesian diagnostic theory using a programmable pocket calculator

A programmable pocket calculator program has been written to serve as an aid in diagnosis. The program uses a Bayesian statistical algorithm to calculate the relative probability of two diagnostic alternatives. The ability to carry out Bayesian statistical calculations at the bedside should make the use of such techniques more attractive to clinical practitioners.     

A BASIC computer program for calculation of CH50 values by probit analysis

An interactive BASIC computer program for calculating CH50 values from either absorbance or % hemolysis entries is presented. The program runs on simple, self-explanatory data entries and makes calculations at a 95% confidence level.     

Measurement of ventricular volume with a programmable calculator

A program written for the Texas Instrument TI-59 programmable calculator is presented which computes the ventricular volume by use of the method of area-length or Simpson's rule. Geometric data of single-plane silhouette, or biplane silhouettes, or computer-tomographically reconstructed cross-sections of the ventricle are required for the volume computation.     

A pocket calculator program for using Pozen's formula

Pozen's formula has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with acute chest pain. This paper describes a short program for the HP-41CV calculator which reliably calculates acute ischemic heart disease probabilities using Pozen's formula.     

Interpretation of laboratory tests using a programmable hand-held calculator: Calculation of posterior probability and relative risk on the basis of prior probability and sensitivity,specificity and result of the test

A program is presented for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C programmable hand-held calculator that calculates the posterior probability and relative risk of an event (e.g.a disease) on the basis of prior probability (prevalence) and sensitivity, specificity and result of the test.     

Differentiation between two diseases using a programmable hand-held calculator and Bayes'' theorem: Application to Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis

A short general program is presented for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C programmable pocket calculator that calculates posterior probabilities of two diseases on the basis of frequencies of nosographic characteristics using Bayes' theorem. Extended memory and functions modules allow the storage of many data in an ASCII file.