左肺结核伴纵隔淋巴结结核经18氟-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描术误诊肺癌淋巴结转移

目的探讨结核病在-8氟．脱氧葡萄糖（18F-FDG）正电子发射断层扫描术（PET）中的影像学表现,提高对PET／CT在肺部包块诊断作用的认识,减少误诊。方法回顾分析2010年3月收治的1例肺结核合并纵隔淋巴结结核病患者的误诊及诊断治疗经过,分析误诊原因并总结诊治经验,结合文献复习肺部包块在PET／CT中的表现及临床特点。结果患者为肺部包块伴纵隔淋巴结包块,胸部CT提示肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移,PET／CT也考虑左肺下叶肺癌伴淋巴结转移。最后经纵隔镜淋巴结活检确诊结核,并抗结核治疗好转。结论结核等感染性疾病常可导致18F-FDG的摄取增加而造成PET／CT阳性结果,因此在18F-FDGPET／CT呈现阳性结果时须注意鉴别病变良恶性,其中高标准摄入值包块尤其需要注意与结核病相鉴别。     

低剂量螺旋CT在肺结核中的诊断价值

目的:探讨低剂量螺旋CT在肺结核诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法:采用东芝公司Active 16排螺旋CT对98例胸部DR平片怀疑肺结核的患者进行常规剂量螺旋CT扫描,同时对病变部位行低剂量螺旋CT扫描。所得图像由3名从事影像诊断工作主治医师以上的医生进行判读,分别就肺结核在螺旋CT上的主要征象进行逐一判定,最后做出定性诊断。结果:98例胸部DR平片怀疑肺结核患者,最后通过查痰、活检或肺结核菌阴性确诊的肺结核患者有80例。对以上确诊的80例肺结核患者的两种扫描方式所得图像进行判定,低剂量螺旋CT与常规CT在肺结核征象的检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:低剂量螺旋CT大幅度降低患者的辐射剂量,能获得常规剂量CT扫描相同的诊断效果,在肺结核的诊断中具有临床应用价值。     

Miliary tuberculosis associated with multiple intracranial tuberculomas

In this study we have reported a 12-year old girl patient who visited out-patient clinic with the history of headache and convulsion. The patient was diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis and multiple brain tuberculomas. Miliary infiltration was observed in chest x-ray and high-resolution thorax computed tomography (CT), and multiple tuberculomas surrounded with wide edema was observed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Acid-fast bacilli were detected in inducted sputum and gastric fluid. Focal epileptiform activity was seen in electroencephalography (EEG). The patient was administered antitubercular, anti-edema and antiepileptic therapy. The patient had not experienced convulsion for the second time and EEG had been normal; therefore her treatment was completed within 12 months. Chest x-ray and high-resolution thorax CT findings turned to normal and brain MRI findings improved significantly. As a conclusion, tuberculosis disease has very different clinical pattern depending on the organs it involves. The significance of our case is due to the presence of both the miliary tuberculosis and intracranial tuberculomas. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to central nervous system symtoms rather than pulmonary symptoms.     

免疫损害与免疫正常患者浸润性肺结核CT表现的对比研究

目的 分析比较免疫损害与免疫正常患者浸润性肺结核的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析2006 年～2009 年我院213例确诊为浸润性肺结核患者的胸部CT表现,根据是否有免疫损害将其分为免疫损害组和免疫正常组,分析比较两组肺结核的CT表现.结果 免疫损害组18例,免疫正常组195例.免疫损害组与免疫正常组累及肺段以上片状实变影...     

堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病的临床及CT影像特征

目的  探讨堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病患者的临床及CT特征,以提高对该病的认识及诊治水平。方法  回顾分析广州市胸科医院2021年1月~2022年12月收治的66例堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病（堪萨斯组）患者的临床及CT影像资料,另选取80例活动性肺结核（结核组）患者,比较两组年龄、性别及CT特征。结果  堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病的主要症状为咳嗽咳痰、咯血、胸闷、发热、胸痛。堪萨斯分枝杆菌对常用抗分枝杆菌药物的耐药率分别为利福平、贝达喹啉1.5%,利福布丁3.0%,乙胺丁醇、氯法齐明4.5%,丙硫异烟胺9.1%,左氧氟沙星12.1%,莫西沙星15.2%,利奈唑胺25.8%,异烟肼、阿米卡星、卷曲霉素95.5%。堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病患者γ-干扰素释放试验（IGRAs）阳性率为32.4%（12/37）。主要CT表现为小叶中心结节、空洞、支气管扩张、磨玻璃影、纤维条索影、实变、肺叶容积缩小。堪萨斯组病灶分布范围<3个肺叶的比例高于结核组,而肺叶容积缩小、实变、胸膜炎的比例低于结核组（P<0.05）。堪萨斯组空洞单发、空洞分布于右上肺、最大空洞位于肺外带的比例高于结核组,而最大空洞的壁厚值小于结核组（P<0.05）。结论  堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病的CT表现具有一定特征性,在与活动性肺结核的鉴别上具有重要价值。     

CT对胸片阴性肺结核的诊断价值

目的：讨论胸部ＣＴ对胸片阴性的活动性肺结核的诊断价值。方法：对８例临床表现怀疑有活动性肺核、胸片及痰找抗酸杆菌均阴性的患者作胸部ＣＴ常规平扫检查。结果：８例患者胸部ＣＴ检查均提示有活动性肺结核可能,后予单纯抗结核治疗有效。结论：胸部ＣＴ检查对肺部病变的显示及分辨率明显高于胸片,有助于我们对胸片及痰菌阴性的活动性肺结核的诊断,同时经验性抗结核治疗不失为一种实用的诊治手段。     

结核杆菌蛋白芯片检测对活动性肺结核的诊断价值

目的评价结核杆菌蛋白芯片对肺结核的诊断价值及其影响因素。方法对痰涂片阳性肺结核病患者结核杆菌蛋白芯片和胸部CT扫描结果进行对比,分析肺结核病变范围和类型等因素对结核杆菌蛋白芯片检测的影响。结果结核杆菌蛋白芯片阳性率72.0%,CT诊断阳性率为90.0%,两种方法同时检测阳性率达到96.0%;多个肺野肺结核的结核杆菌蛋白芯片阳性率高于单个肺野(P0.05),有基础疾病较无基础疾病检出率低(P0.01)。结论病变范围及基础疾病影响结核杆菌蛋白芯片的阳性率,胸部CT扫描联合结核杆菌蛋白芯片检测可以提高肺结核的诊断率。     

AIDS合并肺结核的影像诊断

目的　探讨AIDS合并肺结核的X线及CT表现。方法　对已确证的 10例AIDS病人合并肺结核的X线及CT表现进行分析。结果　AIDS患者合并肺结核表现为纵隔淋巴结肿大、不典型浸润、两肺粟粒结节。结论　AIDS病人出现纵隔淋巴结肿大 ,不典型浸润 ,两肺粟粒结节应考虑合并肺结核的可能性     

Sarcoidosis during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a rare case report and review of the literature

The coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis is rare. Further, the morphological features of pulmonary tuberculosis with comorbid pulmonary sarcoidosis are similar to those of tuberculosis alone. There are obvious clinical, histological, and radiological similarities between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, which makes differential diagnosis very challenging, particularly in countries with a high burden of tuberculosis. Here, a rare case of computed tomography (CT) findings of sarcoidosis that developed during tuberculosis treatment is reported. The 46-year-old male patient had no significant symptoms and was undergoing treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Chest CT revealed enlargement of multiple lymph nodes, without cystic or necrotic changes, in the mediastinum and both hili, and post-infectious changes consistent with the sequelae of tuberculosis infection in the left upper lobe. Chest radiographic evidence was accompanied by compatible clinical features and noncaseating granulomas on biopsy. As the patient was clinically stable, corticosteroid treatment was not initiated. To date, the patient remains without specific symptoms and outpatient follow-ups continue. Although rare, sarcoidosis may occur during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, and requires attention for diagnosis and treatment. The present case draws a radiological picture of how tuberculosis evolved to sarcoidosis.     

HIV/AIDS肺部感染的影像学表现

目的 探讨HIV／AIDS合并肺部感染的X线及CT表现。方法 收集临床确证的HIV／AIDS病人中有胸部影像异常者10例,所有病例均有胸部X线及CT照片。结果 肺结核表现为肺内斑片、大片影,纵隔淋巴结肿大及肺外淋巴结肿大。军团菌肺炎为大片状影像,卡氏囊虫肺炎为弥漫性浸润及间质异常影像。结论 肺结核、卡氏肺囊虫及革兰阴性杆菌肺炎是HIV／AIDS的较常见的机会感染。HIV／AIDS病人肺内出现斑片、大片和弥漫病变,或有关淋巴结肿大时应考虑到这些疾病的可能。     

Patients in whom active tuberculosis was diagnosed after admission to a Japanese university hospital from 2005 through 2007

To identify problems in early diagnosis of tuberculosis and to design countermeasures against the disease, we examined the status of active tuberculosis among patients admitted to a university hospital that did not have an isolation ward for tuberculosis. Between 2005 and 2007, we analyzed demographic characteristics, disease type, chest radiologic findings, and the process leading to diagnosis. Active tuberculosis was diagnosed after admission in 55 patients (34 males and 21 females): pulmonary tuberculosis, 26; tuberculous pleuritis, 13; tuberculous meningitis, 6; miliary tuberculosis, 4; tuberculous pericarditis, 3; lymph-node tuberculosis, 2; and tracheal and bronchial tuberculosis, 1. Although radiographic examinations provided abundant information, chest radiography showed normal findings in 7 patients (12.7%). Computed tomographic scanning was useful for detailed evaluation of abnormalities. Twenty patients (36.4%) were given diagnoses at departments other than ours (Department of Pulmonary Medicine). Numbers of days between hospital admission and diagnosis of tuberculosis (50th percentile/80th percentile) were 8.0/37.8 for miliary tuberculosis, 8.0/8.0 for tracheal and bronchial tuberculosis, 7.5/17.8 for tuberculous pleuritis, 7.0/8.8 for tuberculous pericarditis, 6.0/15.6 for pulmonary tuberculosis, 3.5/4.4 for lymph-node tuberculosis, and 1/1 for tuberculous meningitis. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis requires adherence to the following precautions. Tuberculosis should be suspected in any patient with respiratory symptoms. Sputum tests for acid-fast bacteria should be performed at least three times initially. If findings on chest X-ray films are equivocal, high-resolution computed tomography should be performed to confirm details of shadows and to detect minimal pulmonary shadows or cavitary lesions. Physicians from all specialties should be repeatedly informed about the risk of tuberculosis and should include tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis in patients suspected to have pulmonary diseases.     

肺结核误诊为支原体肺炎六例报告

目的 探讨肺结核误诊为支原体肺炎的原因及防范措施.方法 回顾性分析曾误诊为支原体肺炎的肺结核6例的临床资料.结果 6例均曾误诊为支原体肺炎,误诊时间9 d～2个月.临床表现为发热4例(咳黄白色黏痰2例,伴畏寒、咳嗽、痰中带血1例,干咳、咽痛1例),干咳、气短1例,咳嗽、咳痰伴头痛、头晕、胸闷1例.胸部CT检查示病变位于...     

非结核分枝杆菌肺病的CT特点及分析

目的：分析非结核分枝杆菌的CT表现特点及其与肺结核病的鉴别要点。材料与方法：20例非结核分枝杆菌肺病患者进行胸片和病灶CT检查,同时收集临床资料,对非结核分枝杆菌肺病进行动态观察,并与20例肺结核病例进行影像学对照,分析病变形态和累及范围。结果：20例非结核分枝杆菌肺病的病灶累及右肺的12例（60%）,累及左肺的6例（30%）,双肺累及的2例（10%）,其中病灶分布于右上肺尖的9例（45%）;肺内出现空洞16例（80%）,其中5例为发生于2个肺叶以上的多发空洞,空洞周围浸润的2例;肺内出现支气管扩张15例（75%）;支气管播散少见（1例（5%））。结论：非结核分枝杆菌肺病的影像学表现在病灶的分布、形态及病灶内外的情况具有一定特点,对诊断及鉴别诊断有一定意义,但与继发型肺结核较难鉴别,当影像学表现为结节影、小斑片影、空同、实变和支气管扩张等多种病变形态同时存在或多发空洞、空洞周围浸润较少,而临床规则抗痨治疗疗效不佳或同步性差时,应考虑到肺非结核分支杆菌病的可能。     

胸片对胸部疾病诊断作用:附496例影像与病理对照

目的 估价在CT、MR时代胸片对胸部疾病诊断价值。方法 496例无选择胸外科手术病理证实胸部疾病，分别统计胸片与胸部CT术前诊断正确率和误诊率。结果 肺癌339例、肺结核33例、肺炎63例、错构瘤17例、肺囊肿10例、肺隔离症5例、其他29例。肺结核与肺炎诊断正确率分别为75．6％与62％，CT分别为78．8％及60％，二者诊断正确率差别较小。中央型肺癌与周围型肺癌胸片诊断正确率分别为80．2％及85％，CT分别为88．7％及93．1％，肺腺癌与细支气管肺泡癌CT诊断正确率明显高于胸片，分别为89．6％及91．3％，胸片为79．4％及69．6％。结论 本组材料表现81％的疾病胸片诊断有价值，在实际工作中胸片应为首选检查方法。     

胸膜结核瘤的X线和CT表现

目的：探讨胸膜结核瘤的X线和CT表现，提高对该病的影像诊断水平。方法：搜集由病理组织学证实的23例胸膜结核瘤病例，回顾性分析其胸片和CT表现。结果：单发胸膜结核瘤15例，多发8例。X线与CT表现为自胸壁突向肺野的单个或多个圆形或椭圆形软组织阴影，边缘光滑整齐，大多数病灶密度均匀，另8例病灶有钙化。注射对比剂后病灶往往无强化或呈现病灶周边强化。19例伴病灶周围胸膜增厚、粘连或钙化，8例伴肺内结核。结论：大多数胸膜结核瘤的X线和CT表现有一定特征。结合临床病史，可作出明确诊断。     

肺结核并发肺癌CT漏诊原因分析及体会

目的:探讨肺结核并发肺癌CT漏诊原因及体会,减少漏诊.方法:回顾性分析65例肺结核患者并发肺癌在初期漏诊肺癌的临床症状及CT影像资料.结果:65例患者中,咳嗽咳痰52例,其中刺激性咳嗽17例、咯血16例、消瘦23例、声音嘶哑8例、血性胸腔积液13例,肺结核和肺癌发生于同一肺叶23例,不同肺叶42例.周围型肺癌56例,中...     

糖尿病合并肺结核的CT表现及其预后的影响因素

目的:总结糖尿病合并肺结核的临床特点及CT表现,探讨影响其预后的相关因素.方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月我院收治的肺结核初治患者的临床及CT资料.将患者分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,比较两组患者的肺部CT表现(实变、树芽征、空洞、干酪灶)及支气管结核的差异.对糖尿病组患者治疗6个月后患者的预后情况进行观察...     

肿瘤型肺结核的CT影像学表现及误诊分析

目的分析肿瘤型肺结核的CT影像学特征,评价CT在肿瘤型肺结核诊断中的应用价值;分析误诊原因,提高对肿瘤型肺结核诊断的准确率。方法对43例经临床或病理证实的肿瘤型肺结核患者行CT扫描,所采集数据进行后处理,总结其CT影像学特征。结果 43例肿瘤型肺结核患者按其CT影像学特征分型：肺部团块型23例（53.5%）,肺部单发或多发结节型6例（14.0%）,肺部空洞型5例（11.6%）,纵隔肺门团块型5例（11.6%）,支气管腔内结节、团块型4例（9.3%）。32例行CT增强扫描,表现为不均匀强化18例,环形强化4例,周边强化2例,整体均匀强化4例,不强化4例。43例误诊为肺癌36例,误诊率83.7%。结论肿瘤型肺结核因其CT影像特点不典型,误诊肺癌较多,CT显示其影像特点有一定的优势,结合实验室检查、随访或穿刺活检,可以提高诊断准确率。     

非结核分枝杆菌肺病的平片及CT表现探讨

目的提高非结核分枝杆菌肺病的影像诊断和鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析42例非结核分枝杆菌肺病的X线表现。结果胸片及CT显示:病变多数为两侧多叶散在分布,上叶比下叶多,平片主要表现为斑片状实变,如空洞、纤维性变。CT则显示更多的病变、空洞、支气管扩张、"树芽征"和纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论实变、空洞、结节、纤维化是胸片的常见表现,在CT上还可见支气管扩张、"树芽征"和纵隔淋巴结肿大。多种性质病变同时累及多肺叶是该病的特点,支气管播散灶少见,该病变的形态和分布虽有自己的特点,但单从影像上难以和继发型肺结核区别,CT检查主要起提示作用。     

下叶肺结核的X线表现及鉴别诊断

目的：准确诊断下叶肺结核，防止误诊。材料与方法：收集下叶肺结核100例，均摄正侧位胸片和部分病例的胸部CT扫描，根据其X线表现，CT片的观察，重点分析100例下叶肺结核影像学表现，X线分型及鉴别诊断。结果：下叶肺结核虽然少见，但根据它的X线表现及CT观察和其他的检查有助于本病的准确诊断。结论：X线、CT片表现均具有较高的诊断价值。