内毒素耐受对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌MMP⁃1、MMP⁃7及细胞迁移能力的影响

目的：观察牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的耐受对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinase,MMP）?1和MMP?7的影响,以及耐受巨噬细胞对小鼠成纤维细胞L929迁移能力的影响。方法：采用1 μg/mL P.gingivalis LPS重复刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,构建内毒素耐受模型,并以1 μg/mL大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,E.coli）LPS作为阳性对照。收集细胞条件培养液上清,采用ELISA技术检测MMP?1和MMP?7表达水平。观察耐受巨噬细胞条件培养液对L929细胞划痕创伤构建后细胞迁移能力的影响。结果：P. gingivalis LPS重复刺激后,巨噬细胞MMP?1分泌水平较单次刺激组降低（P < 0.05）,MMP?7分泌水平无明显变化（P > 0.05）。P. gingivalis LPS诱导的耐受巨噬细胞培养液上清刺激12、24 h后,L929细胞划痕修复面积大于单次刺激组培养液上清刺激后（P < 0.05）。结论：P. gingivalis LPS诱导的耐受能抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌MMP?1,促进L929细胞迁移。     

内毒素耐受对THP-1细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-10的影响

目的:观察细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)反复刺激人单核细胞株THP-1细胞,诱导产生的内毒素耐受对该细胞分泌炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和抗炎因子白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-10的影响?方法:采用1 μg/ml牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis)LPS或1 μg/ml大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)LPS刺激THP-1细胞24 h,洗脱后,分别采用相同LPS再刺激24 h,构建内毒素耐受模型?采用ELISA技术检测细胞条件培养液中TNF-α和IL-10分泌水平的变化?结果:P.gingivalis LPS或E.coli LPS刺激THP-1细胞24 h后,TNF-α和IL-10分泌水平均较刺激前明显增高(P < 0.05)?2种LPS重复刺激后,TNF-α分泌水平较第1次刺激后明显降低(P < 0.05),IL-10分泌水平则较第1次刺激后明显增高(P < 0.05)?结论:内毒素耐受能抑制THP-1细胞分泌TNF-α,促进该细胞分泌IL-10,进而可能影响牙周组织的炎症和免疫反应?     

Wnt5a对中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网形成的影响

目的：探讨Wnt5a对中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（neutrophil extracellular trap,NET）形成的影响及可能的调控机制。方法：采用50 ng/mL Wnt5a刺激人中性粒细胞3 h,以1 μg/mL牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）和1 μg/mL大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,E.coli）LPS作为阳性对照,采用免疫荧光技术观察NET的形成,Sytox Green荧光法对胞外DNA进行定量,采用流式细胞术检测细胞产生的活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平,Western blot分析信号分子磷脂酰肌醇三激酶（phosphoinositide 3?kinase,PI3K）/Akt和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1/2（mitogen?activated protein kinase1/2,MEK1/2）、细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2（extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2,ERK1/2）表达水平的变化。结果：Wnt5a刺激人中性粒细胞后,可观察到NET的形成和胞外DNA数量的增加（P < 0.05）,ROS水平较刺激前明显增高（P < 0.05）,Western blot检测显示,PI3K/Akt和MEK1/2、RK1/2磷酸化水平增高（P < 0.05）。结论：Wnt5a可能通过PI3K/Akt、MEK1/2、ERK1/2磷酸化,调控ROS生成,进而促进人中性粒细胞形成NET。     

北五味子多糖对脂多糖诱导中性粒细胞炎症的抑制作用

目的：探讨满药北五味子多糖（NSCP）对脂多糖（LPS）激活的离体培养人中性粒细胞的影响,阐明其抗炎作用机制。方法：利用LPS处理人中性粒细胞建立炎症细胞模型,实验分为对照组、LPS组（1.0 mg·L^-1）及NSCP组（1.25、2.50和5.00 g·L^-1）,NSCP组先加入LPS刺激60 min,再加入不同浓度NSCP。应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测中性粒细胞中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平,采用流式细胞术检测中性粒细胞凋亡率。结果：与对照组比较,LPS组TNF-α水平升高（P < 0.05）;与LPS组比较,NSCP组TNF-α水平降低（P < 0.05）。LPS组中性粒细胞凋亡百分率较对照组降低（P < 0.05）;NSCP组中性粒细胞凋亡百分率随时间及剂量增加而升高,其中5.00 g·L^-1NSCP作用16 h促进其凋亡作用最佳,与LPS组比较凋亡百分率明显升高（P < 0.05）。结论：NSCP可通过抑制LPS诱导TNF-α分泌及中性粒细胞凋亡延迟而发挥抗炎作用。     

IL-12在牙龈卟啉单胞菌脂多糖促泡沫细胞形成过程中的作用

目的观察白细胞介素-12（IL-12）预刺激在牙龈卟啉单胞菌脂多糖（P．gingivalis LPS）促泡沫细胞形成过程中对细胞因子的影响。方法用氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxLDL）将人THP-1单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞诱导48h形成泡沫细胞。在巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞培养液中分别加入IL-12作用2h后,巨噬细胞培养液中加入oxLDL和P．gingivalisLPS,泡沫细胞培养液中加入P．gingivalis LPS。使用ELISA法检测培养液上清中IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的水平,实时定量PCR检测细胞内IL-1β、IL-10、IL-12和IL-18mRNA的转录水平。结果在泡沫细胞形成过程中,IL-12预刺激可以降低培养液上清内TNF-α水平。降低细胞内IL-10和IL-12mRNA转录水平;泡沫细胞受P．gingivalisLPS刺激过程中,IL-12预刺激可以增加培养液上清IL—1β水平。减少细胞内IL-18mRNA的转录水平,增加IL-10mRNA的转录水平。结论IL-12预刺激影响P．gingivalisLPS促泡沫细胞形成过程中炎症细胞因子的转录和分泌。     

凋亡细胞调控巨噬细胞表达IL-12家族细胞因子的水平

［摘要］ 目的观察凋亡细胞对巨噬细胞中白细胞介素12 （interleukin-12,IL-12）家族细胞因子表达的影响。 方法将小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7（RAW 细胞）和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分别分为空白对照组、脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）刺激组（LPS组）、凋亡细胞刺激组（apo组）、脂多糖+凋亡细胞刺激组（LPS+apo组）,实时定量PCR检测各组细胞刺激前后mIL-12p35、mIL-12p40、mIL-23p19水平。采用酶联免疫吸附测定方法检测各组激活的RAW细胞培养液中IL-10、前列腺素E2（prostaglandin E2,PGE2）和转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β）的含量。 结果RAW细胞和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞LPS组IL-12p35、IL-12p40、IL-23p19 mRNA表达量高于空白对照组和apo组,LPS+apo组IL-12p35、IL-12p40、IL-23p19 mRNA表达量高于空白对照组和apo组,低于LPS组（P＜0.05）。LPS组和LPS+apo组IL-10、PGE2、TGF-β浓度均高于对照组,LPS+apo组TGF-β浓度高于对照组和LPS组（P＜0.05）;LPS组和LPS+apo组IL-10、PGE2浓度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论凋亡细胞抑制活化巨噬细胞IL-12p35、IL-12p40、IL-23p19 mRNA的表达。凋亡细胞对IL-10和PGE2分泌无影响,但促进TGF-β的分泌。     

创伤小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞诱导T细胞应答的能力变化

目的：研究失血合并闭合性骨折小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞（BMDC）诱导异源T细胞应答能力的变化.方法：致伤后24h分离小鼠骨髓细胞,体外应用重组小鼠粒细胞/巨噬细胞-集落刺激因子（rmGM-CSF）诱导BMDC,通过混合淋巴细胞反应（MLR）检测未成熟、成熟树突状细胞（DC）诱导异源T细胞的应答能力,流式细胞术检测BMDC表面主要组织相容性复合物Ⅱ类分子（MHCⅡ）及共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86表达,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测脂多糖（LPS）刺激的BMDC培养上清中白细胞介素-12（IL-12）p40、IL-12p70以及白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平的变化.结果：无论是否经过LPS诱导,创伤组小鼠BMDC介导的MLR值均明显低于对照组值（P〈0.05）,创伤组小鼠BMDC在LPS刺激前后的CD40表达均明显低于对照组[（4.0±1.0）%vs（22.0±3.5）%;（56.0±7.5）%vs（91.0±8.0）%,P〈0.01],但MHCⅡ、CD80和CD86表达在2组间差异无显著性.创伤组小鼠BMDC在体外经LPS刺激24h后其IL-12p40、IL-12p70分泌水平均明显低于对照组[（45.0±6.5）vs（78.0±6.8）ng/L;（9.0±1.0）vs（18.0±1.9）ng/L,P〈0.05],但创伤组小鼠BMDC分泌IL-10的能力与对照组相比差异无统计学意义.结论：创伤小鼠BMDC诱导T细胞应答的能力降低,该变化可能与其共刺激分子CD40表达降低及IL-12分泌不足有关.     

脑心清片对脂多糖诱导的BV-2 细胞的抗炎及抗凋亡作用

目的：通过研究脑心清片（NXQ）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小胶质细胞（BV-2）的炎症因子及凋亡细胞的表达作用,探讨脑心清片对脑卒中的抗炎及抗细胞凋亡的作用。方法：采用LPS 诱导的BV-2 细胞作为体外神经炎症模型,用脑心清片进行干预,用ELISA 检测促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的含量水平;采用Western Blot 法检测IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α、p-Akt、p-Erk、Bax、Bcl-2 的蛋白表达水平。结果：LPS 刺激BV-2 细胞24 h 之后,IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α炎症因子表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）,NXQ 预处理后,IL-1β含量在10、20 μmol·L-1 时相对于LPS 处理组均有显著性的差异（P<0.05,P<0.05）,IL-6、TNF-α含量在20 μmol·L-1 时相对于LPS 处理组均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;LPS 刺激BV-2 细胞24 h 之后,IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）,NXQ 预处理后,能呈现浓度依赖性的降低这些蛋白的表达水平,并且在10、20 μmol·L-1 时相对于LPS 处理组均有显著性的差异（P<0.05,P<0.01）;LPS 刺激BV-2 细胞24 h 之后,p-Akt、p-Erk 蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）,NXQ 预处理后,能呈现浓度依赖性的升高这些蛋白的表达水平,并且在10、20 μmol·L-1 时相对于LPS 处理组均有显著性的差异（P<0.01,P<0.01）;LPS 刺激BV-2 细胞24 h 之后,促凋亡蛋白Bax 表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）,NXQ 预处理后,Bax 蛋白表达水平下降,
并且在20 μmol·L-1 时相对于LPS 处理组有统计学意义（P<0.05）。LPS 刺激BV-2 细胞24 h 之后,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2 表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）,NXQ 预处理后,Bcl-2 蛋白表达水平呈现浓度依赖性的升高,并且在10、20 μmol·L-1 时相对于LPS 处理组均有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.05）。结论：脑心清片对脂多糖诱导的小胶质细胞产生的炎症和毒性具有一定的调节作用,通过调节炎症因子的表达和激活Akt/Erk 通路,具有抗炎和抗细胞凋亡作用,进一步阐明了脑心清片抗脑卒中的作用机理。     

LPS预激神经胶质细胞培养上清对神经元的影响

目的探讨神经胶质细胞经过脂多糖（Lipopolyssacride,LPS）预激后,其培养上清对神经元功能的影响。方法体外培养神经元与神经胶质细胞,免疫荧光法进行纯度鉴定。神经胶质细胞分为4组：未刺激对照组、0.01μg/ml LPS单次刺激组、1μg/ml LPS单次刺激组、预刺激组（先采用0.01μg/ml LPS刺激18h后,再用1μg/mlLPS刺激24h）。经过相应处理后收获各组条件培养上清,分别加入到神经元中,与神经元共同孵育24h后收集细胞与培养上清。采用CCK-8试剂盒与ELISA法检测神经元的存活率和分泌TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果星形胶质细胞预刺激组条件培养上清作用于神经元后,细胞存活率下降,与0.01μg/ml、1μg/ml LPS单次刺激组比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;小胶质细胞各组条件培养上清作用于神经元后,细胞存活率变化不明显（P均〉0.05）;在星形胶质细胞各刺激组上清作用下,神经元产生TNF-α的水平,各LPS处理组培养上清刺激下水平升高,其中1μg/ml LPS单次刺激组升高明显,与对照组和0.01μg/ml LPS单次刺激组比差异具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;产生IL-6的水平亦升高,与对照组比亦均具有统计学差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;并且,预刺激组较1μg/mlLPS单次刺激组上清作用后,产生IL-6水平较低（P〈0.05）。各组小胶质细胞条件培养上清作用于神经元后,产生TNF-α的水平,预刺激组水平升高明显,与对照组比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;对于IL-6水平,变化趋势同TNF-α,但各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.0.5）。结论 LPS预激参与重新调配了神经胶质细胞分泌活性介质的作用,培养上清中这些分子相互制约或是协同,对神经元产生有可能是保护或是损伤效应。     

降钙素基因相关肽抑制铜绿假单胞菌外膜囊泡致炎作用

目的探讨降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）对铜绿假单胞菌外膜囊泡（OMVs）诱导炎症反应的影响。方法培养铜绿假单胞菌并提取OMVs,取1、5、10μg·mL-1 OMVs刺激鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,采用ELISA法检测细胞中促炎性细胞因子[包括白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]含量,采用CCK-8法及流式细胞术分别检测细胞增殖及凋亡;采用10μg·mL-1 OMVs与1、5、10 nmol·L-1 CGRP同时处理RAW264.7细胞,并检测细胞中促炎细胞因子水平;采用20μg·mL-1 OMVs与10 nmol·L-1 CGRP同时处理RAW264.7细胞,检测细胞增殖与凋亡;培养人中性粒细胞,采用脱颗粒实验检测CGRP对其分泌中性粒细胞明胶酶脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）及弹性蛋白酶活性的影响。结果不同浓度OMVs均能显著刺激RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β（P<0.05）,而CGRP则能够抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌促炎细胞因子,且呈剂量依赖性（P<0.05）;20μg·mL-1 OMVs则能够显著降低细胞活性,并促进细胞凋亡（P<0.05）,10 nmol·L-1 CGRP与OMVs共同处理能显著增加RAW264.7细胞活性,抑制凋亡发生（P<0.05）;不同浓度OMVs均能提升NGAL表达水平以及弹性蛋白酶活性（P<0.05）,而10 nmol·L-1 CGRP则能够显著抑制OMVs引起的脱颗粒效应（P<0.05）。结论 CGRP可有效下调铜绿假单胞菌OMVs诱导的鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7促炎因子分泌水平、减少凋亡率以及特异性中性粒细胞释放,进而抑制炎症反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.