青年乳腺癌121例临床分析

目的探讨青年乳腺癌临床特点,分析常见延误诊治原因.方法回顾性分析本院收治的121例青年组(年龄≤35岁)和40例对照组(年龄≥40岁)乳腺癌患者,所有病例均经外科治疗.结果青年组和对照组腋窝淋巴结阳性率和浸润性肿瘤阳性率有显著性或非常显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);青年乳腺癌患者按病程分为1月以内、1～3月、3～6月、6～12月和12月以上5组,临床分期和腋窝淋巴结转移率在不同病程间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论强调青年乳腺癌侵袭性强的同时要强调早期诊治减少延搁.早期诊断主要依赖于医患双方的警惕.     

中国乳腺癌专病队列研究：人群队列研究方法及基线特征

目的 乳腺癌在女性癌症中发病率第一且逐年上升。2016年9月,国家重点研发计划精准医学研究中国乳腺癌专病队列项目启动,旨在整合队列资源、提高随访质量、构建标准共享的乳腺癌专病队列,为实现乳腺癌发现、预防、早诊、治疗及预后研判等提供研究基础与标准化数据共享平台。方法 本研究基于社区人群,采用询问调查、身体测量、生物样本采集、乳腺超声和钼靶X线检查建立前瞻性队列,采用区域健康监测和定向监测随访队列。结果 整合乳腺癌专病社区人群队列112 118人,其中完成55 419人标准化队列调查,54 304人采集生物样本。平均年龄51.7岁,超重/肥胖女性占62.7%,绝经女性占48.9%。结论 本研究将为中国女性乳腺癌精准防治提供队列基础和研究平台。     

Social Support and Meaning of Life in Women with Breast Cancer

BackgroundSocial support is known as an affection-oriented coping mechanism when a person is involved with cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between family social support and the meaning of life in women with breast cancer.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 84 women with a mean age of 60 (SD = 5.7) years with breast cancer who were admitted to a teaching hospital participated. Data were collected using social support and meaning of life questionnaires. After collecting the completed questionnaires and entering the data into the computer, the analysis was performed using SPSS software and using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test at a significant level of 0.01.ResultsThe mean score of their social support was 39.35 ± 9.51, respectively and the meaning of life was 29.5 ± 7.49. ANOVA results indicated that the social support score and meaning of life had no significant relationship with any of the demographic variables. Also, the findings suggest that there is a statistically significant correlation between social support and the meaning of life (r = 0.773, P < 0.001).ConclusionIt is proposed to increase the level of social support from the family to help improve the meaning of life in cancer patients.     

乳腺癌易患因素在天津市成年妇女中的分布

分析了乳腺癌易患因素在天津市区、郊县和化工企业的分布，结果显示乳腺癌高危因素的分布城市高于郊县和工厂，城市为２５．４３％，郊县为８．２６％。高危因素的构成以行经超过３５年（包括初潮年龄小于１２岁）者占主要部分，城市为７９．９１％，郊县为５３．３５％。本调查为天津市的乳腺癌群体防治工作提供了基础数据，进而为深入开展以高危人群为重点的乳腺癌防治提供了新的设想和依据。     

Asian-Islamic Women and Breast Cancer Screening: A Socio-Cultural Analysis

ABSTRACT

This article explores religious and socio-cultural issues relevant to breast cancer screening practices among older immigrant Asian-Islamic women in the U.S. Some of the Islamic tenets that facilitate breast cancer screening include cleanliness, prevention and individual responsibility in health promotion, diet and eating habits, and exercise, and those that hinder screening practice include gender and modesty considerations and patriarchal marital beliefs. Socio-cultural barriers include patient-physician communication and beliefs about cancer and cancer prevention. Recommendations to increase knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening within a religious and socio-cultural context are provided.     

中国乳腺癌专病队列研究：泛共享生物样本库的建设与进展

目的 生物样本库建设在疾病的精准预防、诊治研究中发挥着不可替代的作用，基于大人群队列的可共享生物样本库网络是未来发展方向。本研究的生物样本库是国家精准医学计划“中国乳腺癌专病队列研究”的重点内容之一，旨在解决标准化程度不足、共享性不够的瓶颈。方法 通过建设“实体库-信息库-延伸库”、泛共享的乳腺癌专病队列生物样本库网络以及建立严格的标准制定与质量控制标准建设标准化生物样本库。结果 生物样本库为乳腺癌风险评估、预测预警、早期筛查、分型分类、个体化治疗、疗效和安全性预测及监控等精准防治诊治方案和临床决策系统研究提供可共享的生物样本库资源。结论 生物样本库资料细化完整，病例样本量充足，可满足医疗大数据、基因组学、代谢组学和表观遗传学等多个领域的研究需要。     

中国乳腺癌专病队列研究：临床队列的设计与初步结果

目的 中国女性乳腺癌发病率持续升高，负担重。乳腺癌诊疗及相关预后研究必需的临床队列建设面临诸多瓶颈，国内乳腺癌大型队列研究相对匮乏，存在标准不统一、失访率较高、重复建设、无法共享等问题。本课题为改善我国目前大型临床队列研究面临的困难和问题，联合多家三级甲等医院，合作建立中国乳腺癌专病队列，为进行乳腺癌多中心临床队列研究提供数据平台和技术支撑。方法 乳腺癌标准化前瞻性队列专病队列的建立以循证医学证据为基础，通过专家论证建立乳腺癌队列标准化入组指标集，收集入组对象的基线信息、诊疗相关信息并采集生物标本。根据大型人群队列终点事件长期随访技术规范、数据安全及数据处理技术规范的要求，形成乳腺癌标准化前瞻性队列的诊疗及预后研究的随访体系。结果 基于标准化的数据集，利用北京科技大学的计算机学科优势，整合动态信息采集终端和社会网络等新兴信息技术手段改善依从性及智能数据质量控制方案，研发出了中国乳腺癌专病队列数据库，截至2020年2月临床队列数据库中纳入患者12 147名。队列建设过程中采集样本资源，并与山东大学牵头开展的生物样本库多中心质量控制体系及共享评价体系研究合作，构建了开放共享的生物样本库网络，形成了乳腺癌发生发展全链条的研究平台。结论 本研究随着“十三五”规划精准医学研究的实施，为乳腺癌精准诊疗提供了研究基础，为国家制定相关医学政策提供了数据支持。     

Occupational Histories of Cancer Patients in a Canadian Cancer Treatment Center and the Generated Hypothesis Regarding Breast Cancer and Farming

Abstract

Occupational exposures increase cancer risks. The Windsor Regional Cancer Centre in Windsor, Ontario, was the first Canadian cancer treatment center to collect the work histories of its patients, which were recorded using a computer-based questionnaire. Breast cancer cases represented the largest respondent group. The lifetime occupational histories of 299 women with newly diagnosed breast cancers were compared with those of 237 women with other cancers. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, social class, and education. The OR for women ≤ 55 years of age with breast cancer who had ever farmed, compared with women of the same age with other cancers, was 9.05 (95% CI 1.06, 77.43). Patients' occupational histories can help to inform understanding of cancer etiology and prevention. This effort points to a need for investigation of the possible association between breast cancer and agricultural hazards such as pesticides.     

2004-2005年山东省女性乳腺癌死亡率调查

[目的]通过对乳腺癌死亡资料分析,掌握山东省乳腺癌的死亡水平及变化趋势。[方法]利用山东省第三次死因调查资料．对山东省2004-2005年乳腺癌死亡病例进行分析,对其死亡特点和趋势进行描述和分析。[结果]2004～2005年山东省女性乳腺癌的粗死亡率为6．62／10万,中国人口标化死亡率为5．44／10万,世界人口标化死亡率为5．68／10万．处于中等水平。死亡率城市高于农村,经济发达的沿海地区高于内陆地区。死亡率随年龄增高而增高。20世纪90年代以来,死亡率迅速上升,主要是人口因素和非人口因素共同作用的结果。[结论]山东省女性乳腺癌死亡率处于中等水平但上升迅速,必须引起重视,加强其预防和干预。     

中国女性乳腺癌危险因素研究现状

综述中国对女性乳腺癌患者危险因素研究的现状和最新进展,并与国外女性乳腺癌危险因素的研究进行比较、分析.     

乳腺托架在乳腺癌术后放疗的应用

目的观察乳腺托架在乳腺癌放疗的应用价值。方法对2005年6月至2009年6月接受放射治疗的乳腺癌患者127例．应用乳腺托架进行定位及放疗。结果一次摆位成功率达到85．6％,二次摆位成功率为14．4％,摆位总成功率为100％。结论在乳腺癌患者放疗时使用乳腺托架,使用方便,能明显提高患者摆位的稳定性和重复性,减少摆位误差。     

乳腺托架在乳腺癌术后放疗的应用

目的观察乳腺托架在乳腺癌放疗的应用价值。方法对2005年6月至2009年6月接受放射治疗的乳腺癌患者127例,应用乳腺托架进行定位及放疗。结果一次摆位成功率达到85.6%,二次摆位成功率为14.4%,摆位总成功率为100%。结论在乳腺癌患者放疗时使用乳腺托架,使用方便,能明显提高患者摆位的稳定性和重复性,减少摆位误差。     

乳腺密度联合Gail模型对乳腺癌诊断的临床价值

目的：探讨乳腺密度联合Gail模型对女乳腺癌诊断的临床价值。方法：选择40例患者,所有患者均病理检查确诊乳腺癌,联合组使用乳腺密度检测联合Gail模型进行评估,乳腺密度则单纯通过乳腺密度检查,Gail模型组单纯使用Gail模型评估,比较各组对乳腺癌诊断的价值。结果：Gail模型分型结果显示,高风险者拟诊恶性比率多于良性者（P〈0.05）;乳腺密度结果显示,拟诊恶性者其乳腺密度高于拟诊良性者（P〈0.05）;联合组病理相符度为97.5%,高于乳腺密度组和Gail模型组（P〈0.05）。结论：乳腺密度联合Gail模型预测乳腺癌,能显著提高其诊断乳腺癌符合率,利于对高风险人群进行早期干预,达到降低乳腺癌死亡率的目的。     

P.O.W. (Protect Our Women): Results of a Breast Cancer Prevention Project Targeted to Older African-American Women

ABSTRACT

Objective: Encourage older African-American women to participate in breast cancer detection. Breast cancer deaths for older African-American women are higher than for Caucasian counterparts. Effective outreach education about mammography and breast exam is one method to reduce the disparity by encouraging women to enter treatment earlier through earlier diagnosis. Traditional outreach strategies have proven ineffective with this cohort.

Method: In this study we utilized the trust placed in known community leaders to recruit older African-American women to participate in breast health education leading to completion of a mammogram. One hundred sixty-two women were identified as participants.

Results: Seventy-nine percent of the women who completed the project obtained mammograms and 9% had mammograms scheduled at 1-month follow-up, whereas 22% of the individuals who received only mailed educational materials completed mammograms and none had scheduled mammograms pending.

Discussion: Health education for difficult-to-reach populations can be effective but requires greater inclusion of community partners to offset issues related to trust, health beliefs, and access.     

Demographics and Perceptions of Barriers Toward Breast Cancer Screening Among Asian-American Women

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the differences in perceived barriers for mammography screening among four ethnic groups of Asian-American women.

Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 315 women in these four groups.

Results: The results from the multivariate analyses indicated that even after taking into account insurance coverage and demographic variables, specific barriers still prevent Asian-American women from seeking mammography.

Discussion: Recognizing similarities and differences in the barriers among demographic variables such as ethnicity, age, and length of U.S. residency among Asian subgroups can assist health professionals to address their needs when promoting adherence to mammography guidelines.     

The role of occupational participation and environment among Icelandic women with breast cancer: A qualitative study

Abstract

Breast cancer diagnosis generally causes a disruption of occupational life. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of occupational participation and environment in the perception of health and well-being of Icelandic women with breast cancer. Eighteen women were interviewed using the main areas from the Occupational Performance History Interview as a guideline. An inductive analysis revealed seven categories that were organized under two main headings: occupational participation and environment. The categories were labelled “maintaining control and stability”, “experiencing sense of self-worth”, “enhancing self development”, “access to information”, “support and care”, “refuge in community”, and “rehabilitative opportunities”. Through occupational participation the women were able to regain control of life and a sense of competence and development. Information, emotional support, safety, and stimulating environments were crucial in alleviating distress and facilitate satisfactory coping with the cancer experience. The results support that occupational participation in a safe and supportive environment has powerful restorative properties. Rehabilitative and supportive services should be based on a holistic perspective and emphasize the healthy aspects of a women's life. Furthermore, occupational therapists need to widen their approach when working with women with breast cancer and focus on their needs as occupational beings.     

Predictors of Breast Cancer Screening in a Panel Study of African American Women

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study examines the predictors of breast cancer screening participation in a panel study of African American women over age 40. We examine the effect of depression, age, beliefs and concerns about breast cancer and its risk, communication with social networks regarding screening, marital status, participation in religious organizations, breast cancer family history, and participation in a breast cancer education program.

Methods: Participants were recruited from 30 African American churches, two low-income housing projects, and from a health fair at a historically African American University (N = 364). Participants were interviewed upon recruitment, and three months later. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated to assess the relative impact of covariates on the odds of getting a mammogram while controlling for other factors. We also assess predicted probabilities of screening at specific levels of covariates.

Results: We find that age, marriage, an educational intervention, talking with friends, and believing that early detection can lead to cure had a positive impact on getting a mammogram between T1 and T2. In contrast, depression significantly reduces the odds of getting a mammogram. Family histories of breast cancer and church participation have no effect on rates of mammography net of other factors.     

慈溪市女性乳腺癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的探索慈溪市女性乳腺癌的危险因素。方法选择慈溪市乳腺癌现症病例237例，采用1：1频数匹配的病例对照研究法，进行乳腺癌流行病学调查，并以条件Logistic回归法分析各因素与乳腺癌发生的关系。结果在调整了部分因素的影响后，吃新鲜鲳鱼、吃虾皮（咸干）、常吃西瓜、吃干果、饮用自来水、饮用过滤水、哺乳与乳腺癌的发生呈负相关。而职业为农民、食糖摄入量高、食用霉变食品、常为家庭问题担心、父母恶性肿瘤史、人工流产和口服避孕药与乳腺癌的发生呈正相关。结论进食水果、蔬菜、鱼虾及哺乳为慈溪市女性乳腺癌保护因素；不合理膳食结构、心理因素、遗传、人工流产和口服避孕药为危险因素。