Genetic polymorphism of 8 Y-STR loci in native population of Isfahan province in central part of Iran

Background: Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are genetic markers with practical applications in human identification and population studies.

Aim: Here we present the allelic and haplotype frequencies of 8 Y-STR loci most commonly used in forensic medicine in 103 unrelated native males of Isfahan province, central part of Iran.

Subjects and methods: The cases were selected on the basis of strict criteria to assure pure native populations of Isfahan origin. DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples and PCR amplified for each marker. Y-specific STR loci DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were included in this study.

Results: The most common alleles for each locus were: DYS19, allele 12; DYS385, allele 12; DYS389I, allele 13; DYS389II, allele 29; DYS390, allele 24; DYS391, allele 10; DYS392, allele 11; and DYS393, allele 13. Gene diversity value was calculated from the allelic frequency for each locus. The average gene diversity was 0.6518. A total of 101 haplotypes were observed in eight Y-specific STR loci, the haplotype diversity was raised to 0.986.

Conclusion: The results revealed that a set of eight Y-specific STR loci were able to discriminate most of the male individuals in the population studied. A search through the Y Haplotype Reference Database demonstrated 21 matched haplotypes to 160,693 haplotypes, exclusively with Eurasian-European, Eurasian, and Eurasian-Indo Iranian populations.     

广西毛南族17个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性

目的:调查17个Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-STR)基因座及其单倍型在广西毛南族人群中的分布情况.方法:应用AmpFlSTR YfilerTM荧光标记复合扩增系统,对毛南族208名无关男性个体血样进行17个Y-STR位点的复合扩增,用ABI PRISM310遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测分析.结果:DYS456、 DYS389Ⅰ、 DYS390、 DYS389Ⅱ、 DYS458、 DYS19、 DYS385a＼b、 DYS393、 DYS391、 DYS439、 DYS635、 DYS392、 Y-GATA-H4、 DYS437、 DYS438、 DYS448各位点遗传多样性(GD值)分布在0 5852～0 9770之间.17个Y-STR位点共同构成的单倍型205种,其单倍型多样性为0 999785.广西毛南族与其他群体的Y-STR位点等位基因分布差异具有统计学意义.结论:广西毛南族17个Y-STR位点具有丰富的遗传多样性,可为父权鉴定和父系进化研究提供有价值的遗传学资料.     

Haplotype frequencies of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci from the Cukurova region of Turkey

Aim

To investigate the distribution of 17 Y-short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the population of the Cukurova region of Turkey.

Methods

In the period between 2009 and 2010, we investigated the distribution of 17 Y-STRs in a sample of 249 unrelated healthy men from the Cukurova region of Turkey. Genomic DNA was extracted with InstaGene matrix and Y-STRs were determined using the AmpFISTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit. Gene and haplotype diversity values were estimated using the Arlequin software. To compare our data to other populations, population pairwise genetic distances and associated probability values were calculated using the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database Web site software.

Results

At 17 Y-STR loci we detected 148 alleles. The lowest gene diversity in this region was 0.51 for DYS391 and the highest 0.95 for DYS385a/b. Haplotype diversity was 0.9997 ± 0.0004. We compared our data with haplotype data of other Turkish populations and no significant differences were found, except with Ankara population (Φ_st = 0.025, P = 0.018). Comparisons were also made with the neighboring populations using analysis of molecular variance of the Y-STR loci genetic structure and our population was nearest to Lenkoran-Azerbaijani (Φ_st = 0.012, P = 0.068) and Iranian Ahvaz population (Φ_st = 0.007, P = 0.173), followed by Greek (Φ_st = 0.026, P = 0.000) and Russian (Φ_st = 0.048, P = 0.000) population. Other countries like Portugal, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Israel (Palestinian Authority Area), and Taiwan showed a high genetic distance from our population.

Conclusion

Our study showed that Y-STR polymorphisms were a powerful discrimination tool for routine forensic applications and could be used in genealogical investigations.Human Y chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STR) are tandemly repeated regions of 2-7 base pair units in the non-recombining region of human Y chromosome. Since human Y-STR markers are inherited without recombination, they are transmitted from father to son unchanged. This makes the study of Y chromosome polymorphisms very useful, especially in population histories, forensic applications, and paternity analysis (1,2).The haplotype frequency of Y-STRs is important in the calculation of match probability in forensic cases. It is also important in anthropology and phylogenetic studies (1-5). Y chromosome haplotypes from global populations are stored in Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) (www.yhrd.org). The International Society of Forensic Genetics recommended the use of regional Y-STR haplotype databases to verify that no population sub-structure exists before pooling data from different regions (3). Since there is a lack of Y-STR data on Turkish population in eastern Mediterranean area, we analyzed 249 unrelated Turkish men using 17 Y-STR markers including DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS438, DYS439, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y-GATA H4 from the Cukurova region in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.     

潮汕地区汉族人群12个Y短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性分析

目的调查潮汕地区汉族人群12个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多态性。方法应用PowerPlex^TM Y荧光标记复合扩增系统，对潮汕地区121名无关男性个体血样进行12个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座的复合扩增，用ABIPRISM 3100遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测分析。结果DYS19、DYS437、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS439、DYS393、DYS391、DYS390、DYS392基因座检出4—7个基因型，DYS385检出35个等位基因组，各基因座遗传多样性（gene diversity，GD值）分布在0．4445—0．9525之间，DYS385基因座最高。结论上述12个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座构成的单倍型在潮汕人群中具有较高的遗传多态性，适用于法医个体识别和亲权鉴定、遗传学及人类学的相关研究。     

Y-short tandem repeat haplotype and paternal lineage of the Ezhava population of Kerala, south India

Aim

To analyze the haplotype of the Ezhava population of Kerala, south India, using 8 short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the Y chromosome and trace the paternal genetic lineage of the population.

Methods

Whole blood samples (n = 104) were collected from unrelated healthy men of the Ezhava population over a period of one year from October 2009. Genomic DNA was extracted by salting out method. All samples were genotyped for the 8 Y-STR loci by the AmpFiSTR Y-filer PCR Amplification Kit. The haplotype and allele frequencies were determined by direct counting and analyzed using Arlequin 3.1 software, and molecular variance was calculated with the Y-chromosome haplotype reference database online analysis tool, www.yhrd.org.

Results

Among the 104 examined haplotypes, we found 98 unique ones. The average gene diversity was 0.669, with the highest diversity of 0.9462 observed for the biallelic Y-STR marker DYS 385. The allele frequency among DYS loci varied between 0.0096 and 0.75. Out of the 104 haplotypes, 10 were identical to the Jat Sikh population of Punjab, which is the greatest number among the Indian populations, and 4 to the Turkish population, which is the greatest number among the European populations. According to the allele frequency of Y-STR, the Ezhavas were genetically more similar to the Europeans (60%) than to the East Asians (40%).

Conclusion

The vast majority of haplotypes were observed only once, reflecting the enormous genetic heterogeneity of the Ezhavas. Based on the genotype, the Ezhavas showed more resemblance to Jat Sikh population of Punjab and the Turkish populations than to the East Asians, hence indicating a paternal lineage of European origin.Due to the geographical position of the Indian Peninsula between Africa, the Pacific, and west and east Eurasia, different populations have moved through its territory. This is why ethnic Indian population shows enormous cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity. Indian tribal and caste populations derive heritage largely from the Pleistocene southern and western Asians, receiving limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene (1). Also, Indian castes have been found to be more closely related to the Central Asians than to the Indian tribal groups (2).The long seacoast of Kerala on the southern-most part of India has provided a gateway to India for many Asian, European, and Srilankan missionaries and traders. Non-tribal communities of Kerala, as shown by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) analysis, were influenced by Dravidian, Indo-European, and East Asian gene pools (3). The Ezhava population of Kerala, according to the allele frequency distribution, had features of European, Central Asians, and East Asian gene pools. Mitochondrial DNA studies also validated the presence of two distinct, eastern and western Eurasian-specific lineage groups in India, suggesting that there were at least two separate migration events to India (4).Due to the unique biology of the Y-chromosome, its genetic markers have been used in many forensic and evolutionary studies to determine patrilineal relationships within and between population groups. It has been suggested that, due to different distribution of region-specific allele frequencies, Y-short tandem repeats (STR) can be used to compare closely related populations (5,6). Previous genetic studies on the Ezhavas of south India failed to achieve a consensus on their paternal origin. In view of these diverse opinions based on HLA polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA analysis, this study aims to collect conclusive genetic data for a better understanding of the paternal origin of the Ezhavas. We present the haplotype analysis of the 8 Y-STR loci included in the European minimal haplotype set in 104 men from the Ezhava population to explore their genetic relationships with the European and East Asian populations. This is the first report on the Y-STR profile in Kerala population.     

中国南方汉族群体九个短片段长度Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性及其法医学应用

目的研究中国南方汉族群体中，扩增产物片段长度在180bp以下的9个Y染色体的短串联重复（Y-short tandem repeal，Y-STR）基因座的遗传多态性，并用于法医学鉴定。方法采用PCR复合扩增和基因测序仪荧光检测方法，检测213个无关男性个体，调查南方汉族的9个Y-SIR基因座的等位基因频率和单倍型频率，并对84对真父子和36对非父子的亲子鉴定样本进行检测。结果213个无关男性个体中，DYS426基因座检出3个等位基因，DYS393、DYS460、DYS391和DYS389 Ⅰ基因座均检出了5个等位基因，DYS456基因座检出6个等位基因，H4和DYS388基因座检出7个等位基因，DYS458基因座检出8个等位基因。除DYS426基因座的基因多样性（gene diversity，GD）值（0．1489）较低外，其余8个基因座的GD值介于0．5064～0．9133。9个Y-SIR基因座的单倍型共有178种，其中154种单倍型仅出现1次，单倍型多样性达0．9983。在84对真父子中，未观察到基因座突变。检测36对非父子，有2个Y-STR基因座排除的案例有2例（5．56％）；有3个和3个以上的Y-STR基因座可以排除父子关系的案例为33例（91．67％）；9个Y-SIR基因座不能排除父子关系的有1例。结论9个Y-SIR基因座具有丰富的遗传多态性，该短片段长度Y-STR基因复合荧光扩增系统可用于法医学个体识别和亲子鉴定。     

Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat haplotypes in southern Croatian male population defined by 17 loci

Aim

To define the Y-chromosome genetic structure in a sample of men from southern Croatia.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 166 unrelated healthy men from southern Croatia at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Biochemical Laboratory of University Hospital Split between 2004 and 2007. Genomic DNA was extracted using the standard procedures. Seventeen Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) polymorphic loci (DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, GATAH4, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS448) were analyzed using AmpFlSTR Yfiler Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification Kit.

Results

We observed 152 different haplotypes. Total haplotype diversity was 0.997289 and 141 haplotypes (84.49%) were unique. The most common haplotype was shared by only 4 men in the study sample. The locus diversity ranged between 0.21292 for DYS392 and 0.75546 for DYS439 locus.

Conclusion

The Y-chromosome structure in men from southern Croatia is very diverse. Combination of Y chromosome 17 STR loci may be used as a powerful tool for individual identification and parentage analysis in the southern Croatian male population.Except for occasional mutations, the major part of the male-specific Y chromosome is inherited from father to son unchanged, as a haplotype of physically linked markers, because it is not involved in recombination with X chromosome. Genotyping of this Y-specific non-recombining region (NRY) can be used to track paternal lineage, since all patrilineal relatives share the same NRY haplotype. Thus, NRY multiple marker genotyping is used to infer paternity when the putative father is not available for DNA analysis or to validate biological relationships when one of the relatives is unable to take part in the DNA typing test. NRY multiple marker genotyping is also used in forensic casework to identify a male perpetrator’s DNA in mixed samples with an excess of female victim’s DNA. In such cases, it is a better option than polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of female autosomal DNA markers or potential overlap of autosomal DNA marker profiles (1).Genotyping small tandem repeats (STR) or microsatellite repeats or simple sequence repeats represents one of the most reliable and reproducible DNA profiling methods in forensic investigation. Genotyping multiple Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) markers is widely used in forensic and population studies in spite of its lower discrimination potential in comparison with autosomal STR genotyping. The constantly growing number of Y-STR markers available for forensic, evolutionary, and population studies increases Y-haplotype differentiation potential in distinct male populations (2).The aim of our study was to use 17 Y-STRs to define the genetic structure of Y chromosome in a sample of men from southern Croatia. Our results may contribute to the development of a population database that may be used to estimate the haplotype frequency, ie, the probability that two or more unrelated men share the same Y-STR haplotype. Furthermore, a Y-STR haplotype database for Croatian population may serve for assigning geographic origin to male individuals, since Y chromosomal markers are more prone to genetic drift than autosomal markers due to smaller effective population size, which enhances geographically-based differentiation of Y lineages.     

鄂伦春族Y染色体短串联重复序列多态性研究

目的 调查鄂伦春族Y染色体上10个短串联重复序列基因座及单倍型的遗传多态性。方法 应用PCR和变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染显色分型技术，检测102名无关系鄂伦春族男性血样。结果 在DYS392、DYS438、DYS439、DYS456、DYS459、DYS460、DYS461、DYS462、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS389Ⅱ等10个基因座中共检出44个等位基因，等位基因频率分布在0．418（DYS461）至0．727（DYS389Ⅰ）之间，除了DYS461（0．418）和DYS462（0．479）以外，其余等位基因频率均大于0．5。由10个基因座组成的Y染色体单倍型系统单倍型有101种，单倍型频率0．99。结论 上述10个Y-短串联重复基因座在鄂伦春族群体中具有较好的多态性，单倍型具有很高的遗传多态性。     

Evaluation of 14 Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Haplotype with Focus on DYS449, DYS456, and DYS458: Czech Population Sample

Aim

To evaluate the novel triplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the analysis of polymorphic Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci (Y-STR).

Methods

A total of 14 Y-STR loci was analyzed. Allele frequencies for 3 tetrameric Y-STR loci (DYS449, DYS456, and DYS458) and extended haplotype loci typed by Y-PLEX^TM 12 system were investigated in a sample of 50 unrelated healthy Czech male donors. We computed the relevant intra-population statistic parameters for our data (gene diversity, average gene diversity over loci, and mean number of pairwise differences) and compared our sample set with other Central European populations using R_ST pairwise genetic distance.

Results

We focused on the comparison of genetic diversity between the Y-STR extended haplotype loci and that of the 3 additional loci, and on the benefit of using DYS449, DYS456, and DYS458 in forensic and population genetics applications. Total gene diversity in our sample set was 0.998367 when using all 14 loci. Our data analysis revealed very high genetic diversity at DYS449 locus (0.876735), which surpasses even the diversity at DYS385a/b (0.819592). Population comparison showed no difference between Czech, Bavarian, Austrian, and Saxon sample set. A minor difference was found between Czech and Polish sample set.

Conclusion

Typing of 3 Y-chromosomal microsatellite polymorphisms may provide a useful complement to already established sets of Y-STRs.DNA typing using a number of polymorphic short tandem repeats on human Y chromosome (Y-STR) has already become a broadly applied approach in areas such as forensic genetics and paternity testing (1). Also, the possibility of amplification of multiple STRs in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a very efficient and reliable genotyping tool. Until recently, 219 Y-STRs have been described (2), most of which are polymorphic. In forensic genetics applications, Y-STRs are useful for discrimination of paternal lineages rather than for individual identification. In combination with the biallelic polymorphisms, Y-STRs are also applied in population genetic studies.The main aim of this study was to design a triplex PCR assay that allows fragmentation analysis of samples labeled with only one fluorescent dye. The loci DYS449, DYS456, and DYS458 were chosen for their reported high diversity in Euro-American population (3), as well as for their absence in the broadly used commercial forensic kits (PowerPlex® Y System [Promega, Madison, WI, USA], Mentype® Argus Y-12QS [Biotype, Dresden, Germany]), although DYS456 and DYS458 (not DYS449) are included in widely used AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler® PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA, USA) (4). DYS449 and DYS456 have also been used, together with other 25 Y-STR loci, in a major population study (5). Here we report on allele frequency data and basic intra-population diversity indices of the 3 Y-STRs, as well as those of 11 other Y-STR loci included in the extended haplotype set that were analyzed in the Czech population sample.     

藏族群体Y染色体14个短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性

目的调查藏族Y染色体上14个短串联重复序列基因座及单倍型的遗传多态性。方法应用AmpFISTRYfilerTM PCR Amplification kit进行复合PCR扩增,自动基因分析仪电泳检测126名藏族男性无关个体血样。结果在14个基因座中共检出121个等位基因,基因多样性分布在0.4104(DYS391)至0.9489(DYS385a,b)之间,除了DYS391以外,其余等位基因频率多样性均大于0.5。由14个基因座组成的Y染色体单倍型系统单倍型有105种,单倍型频率多样性0.9998。结论上述14个Y-短串联重复基因座在藏族群体中具有较好的多态性,单倍型具有很高的遗传多态性。     

重庆土家族11个Y染色体短串联重复序列多态性及与16个群体遗传关系的分析

目的 调查重庆土家族群体11个Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-chromosomal short tandem re-peat,Y-STR)基因座的多态性分布,探讨其群体遗传学及法医学应用价值.方法 应用PowerPlex Y System荧光标记复合扩增系统检测215名土家族无关男性个体的11个Y-SIR基因座,用ABI310遗传分析仪进行基因分型,计算等位基因和单倍型频率,并与国内其他16个群体相应基因座的分布进行比较,分析其遗传距离和聚类关系.结果 土家族个体中共检出195种单倍型,单倍型频率多样性0.9942,基因多样性值0.3757(DYS391)～0.9170(DYS385a/b);从遗传距离分析发现,土家族和藏族的遗传距离最小(0.02467),与朝鲜族的遗传距离最大(0.25350).结论 11个Y-STR基因座在土家族群体中具有较好的遗传多态性,适用于当地区法医学的个体识别和亲权鉴定.与其他民族群体遗传多样性的研究对了解土家族的起源、迁移以及相互关系有重要意义.     

Haplotype data for 23 Y-chromosome markers in a reference sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Aim

To detect polymorphisms of 23 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci, including 6 new loci, in a reference database of male population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to assess the importance of increasing the number of Y-STR loci utilized in forensic DNA analysis.

Methods

The reference sample consisted of 100 healthy, unrelated men originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sample collection using buccal swabs was performed in all geographical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 2010 to 2011. DNA samples were typed for 23 Y STR loci, including 6 new loci: DYS576, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS570, and DYS643, which are included in the new PowerPlex^® Y 23 amplification kit.

Results

The absolute frequency of generated haplotypes was calculated and results showed that 98 samples had unique Y 23 haplotypes, and that only two samples shared the same haplotype. The most polymorphic locus was DYS418, with 14 detected alleles and the least polymorphic loci were DYS389I, DYS391, DYS437, and DYS393.

Conclusion

This study showed that by increasing the number of highly polymorphic Y STR markers, to include those tested in our analysis, leads to a reduction of repeating haplotypes, which is very important in the application of forensic DNA analysis.The highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci located on the Y chromosome in the male human genome are widely used for forensic and paternity testing and population genetic studies (1-3). Currently, in response to the requirement for increasing the number of Y-STR markers included in some Y-STR multiplex kits, Promega developed the PowerPlex® Y 23 amplification kit (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA), which we used in this study.Previously, population studies of the male reference sample of Bosnia and Herzegovina were performed by analyzing 12 Y-chromosomal STR loci incorporated in the PowerPlex® Y 12 amplification kit (Promega Corporation) (4), various numbers of Y-SNP markers (5), as well as autosomal (6,7), and X-STR markers (8). All obtained results were included in the reference database of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, these studies used different referent samples. In order to contribute to the development of this database we decided to analyze 23 Y-STR loci, which included 11 additional loci compared to the previous number of Y-STRs, among which there were 6 new loci incorporated for the first time in the Y-STR multiplex kit (DYS576, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS570, DYS643).     

Genetic analysis of haplotype data for 23 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci in the Turkish population recently settled in Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina

Aim

To explore the distribution and polymorphisms of 23 short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the Y chromosome in the Turkish population recently settled in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and to investigate its genetic relationships with the homeland Turkish population and neighboring populations.

Methods

This study included 100 healthy unrelated male individuals from the Turkish population living in Sarajevo. Buccal swab samples were collected as a DNA source. Genomic DNA was extracted using the salting out method and amplification was performed using PowerPlex Y 23 amplification kit. The studied population was compared to other populations using pairwise genetic distances, which were represented with a multi-dimensional scaling plot.

Results

Haplotype and allele frequencies of the sample population were calculated and the results showed that all 100 samples had unique haplotypes. The most polymorphic locus was DYS458, and the least polymorphic DYS391. The observed haplotype diversity was 1.0000 ± 0.0014, with a discrimination capacity of 1.00 and the match probability of 0.01. R_st values showed that our sample population was closely related in both dimensions to the Lebanese and Iraqi populations, while it was more distant from Bosnian, Croatian, and Macedonian populations.

Conclusion

Turkish population residing in Sarajevo could be observed as a representative Turkish population, since our results were consistent with those previously published for the homeland Turkish population. Also, this study once again proved that geographically close populations were genetically more related to each other.Human Y chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are repeating regions with 2-7 bp long repetitive units found in the non-recombining region of Y chromosome. Y-STRs are characterized by male inheritance pattern. They are the most widely used Y chromosome markers due to simple typing and a high level of diversity. Typing is performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is a reliable procedure tolerant to degraded DNA. Thus, Y-STRs can be used in forensics for the investigation of sexual assault cases, for deficient paternity testing when the alleged father is not available for testing, in gang rape situations (mixture of two or more male DNA samples), for the investigation of genetic reasons of male infertility, in genealogical research, particularly for surname testing, in population genetic studies, for the verification of amelogenin Y-deficient men, and in genetic epidemiology (1-9). In this study genotyping was performed by PowerPlex Y 23 kit (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA). This kit types 23 Y-STR loci in a tested haplotype and includes 6 new Y-STR loci when compared to the previous Y-STR commercial kits, namely DYS576, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS570, and DYS643 (10,11).More than 400 years of shared history of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ottoman Empire shaped cultural features of both populations, with consequences visible even in the modern era. However, according to a previously published study (12), there was no greater genetic impact on the local population. Nowadays, for the first time we have a considerable settlement process from Turkey to Bosnia and Herzegovina, which could have a certain impact on local population diversity.This study included Turkish students currently studying in Sarajevo as a representative sample of the Turkish population that has recently settled in Sarajevo. The aim of the study was to provide the haplotype polymorphisms and distributions in the Turkish population and estimate their forensic parameters. In addition, population pairwise genetic distances (R_st) and associated probability values (P values) with 10 000 permutations were calculated between the studied population and the neighboring populations. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plots were generated using genetic distances for the comparison of different populations’ haplotype data found in the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD, www.yhrd.org).     

辽宁回族、锡伯族群体11个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性及遗传关系的分析

目的 调查辽宁地区回族、锡伯族群体11个Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-chromosomal shorttandem repeat,Y-STR)基因座及单倍型的遗传多态性,探讨其群体遗传学及法医学应用价值.方法 应用Powerplex Y System荧光标记复合扩增系统检测204名回族、280名锡伯族无关男性个体血样的11个Y-STR基因座,用AB1310遗传分析仪进行基因分型,计算等位基因和单倍型频率,并结合已公开发表的国内其他15个群体相应基因座的遗传学资料,分析其遗传距离和聚类关系.结果 回族个体中共检出187种单倍型,单倍型频率多样性0.9990,基因多样性(gene diversity,GD)值在0.4783(DYS437)-0.9679(DYS385a/b);锡伯族个体中共检出237种单倍型,单倍型频率多样性0.9984,基因多样性GD值在0.3618(DYS391)-0.9686(DYS385a/b)之间.遗传距离分析结果显示,回族和锡伯族的遗传距离最小(0.0257),与彝族遗传距离最大(0.1046);锡伯族与朝鲜族遗传距离最大(0.0978).聚类分析与系统发生树结果一致,17个群体大致分为3类.结论 11个Y-SIR基因座在回族、锡伯族群体中具有较好的遗传多态性,适用于该地区的法医学应用.与其他民族群体Y-SIR单倍型数据的研究对了解他们的起源、迁移以及相互关系有重要意义.     

潮汕地区汉族人群9个新Y-STR基因座多态性研究

目的 分析9个新Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y short tandem repeats,Y-STR)基因座的序列结构,及其在潮汕地区汉族人群中的遗传多态性分布,评价其法医学应用价值.方法 应用PCR反应,对潮汕地区汉族159名无关男性个体的血样进行基因分型,采用直接计数法计算9个Y-STR基因座的等位基因频率和单体型频率.结果 9个Y-STR基因座(DYS522、DYS549、DYS556、DYS565、DYS568、DYS570、DYS594、DYS593、DYS588)均为单拷贝,并分别检测出7、5、5、4、6、9、4、4、8个等位基因,基因多样性(gene diversity,GD)在0.1434～0.7994间;共检出136种单体型;累计单体型GD值为0.997.另对30个2代父子家系调查显示:同一家系成员9个Y-STR基因座单体型一致,未观察到基因突变.结论 9个Y-STR基因座具有较高的鉴别效能,适合作为法医学应用的遗传标记.     

Y-Chromosome haplotypes reveal relationships between populations of the Arabian Peninsula,North Africa and South Asia

Background: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is positioned at the crossroads of human migration out of Africa and through to Asia and Europe.

Aim: To compare the degree of genetic diversity of the Arabian UAE population with populations in other countries from the Middle East, South Asia and North Africa.

Subjects and methods: Twenty-seven Y-STR were analysed in 217 individuals. Y-STR haplotypes from this study were compared to population data stored in YHRD, using MDS and AMOVA.

Results: Two hundred and twelve haplotypes were observed in the 217 individuals studied. Although the reduction in Y-STR loci from 27 to 17 resulted in a decrease in discriminatory power, comparisons of populations were possible. The UAE population clustered closer with other populations of the Middle East. The South Asian and North African populations were separated by Middle Eastern populations in between both clusters.

Conclusion: This is the first study to report the diversity of a population of the Arabian Peninsula using 27 Y-STR. MDS plots show that Middle Eastern populations are positioned in the centre, with African, Asian and European populations around the Arab population cluster. The findings of this study are consistent with this region being at the epicentre of human migration between continents.     

温州永嘉汉族人群3个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的研究3个Y染色体STR基因座及其单倍型在温州永嘉人群中的遗传多态性分布,获得相应的群体遗传学数据。方法用复合扩增的方法扩增DYS435、DYS436和DYS4373个基因座,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染显带技术进行分型,检测140名无关男性个体单倍型分布。结果3个基因座在该群体中分别检出3、3、4个等位基因,GD值分别是0.5100,0.1490,0.4056,观察到11种单倍型,其单倍型的变异度为0.7042。结论Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系和建立的Y染色体STR数据库,在法医学鉴定中有帮助意义。     

四川汉族群体8个Y—STR的遗传分析

目的调查四川汉族群体8个Y-染色体STR的遗传多态性,分析8个Y染色体STR的等位基因序列。方法利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对8个Y-STR基因座进行分型。结果DYS443、DYS453、DYS455、DYS456是简单重复序列的Y—STR,DYS444、DYS448、DYS457、DYS458是复杂重复序列的Y-STR。108位男性个体观察到106种单体型。8个Y—STR的基因变异度在0．355—0．821之间,单体型变异度为0．9996。结论在四川汉族群体,8个基因座构成的单体型具有较好的个人识别能力和非父排除率。     

四川汉族群体8个Y-STR的遗传分析

目的 调查四川汉族群体8个Y染色体STR的遗传多态性,分析8个Y染色体STR的等位基因序列.方法 利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对8个Y-STR基因座进行分型.结果 DYS443、DYS453、DYS455、DYS456是简单重复序列的Y-STR,DYS444、DYS448、DYS457、DYS458是复杂重复序列的Y-STR.108位男性个体观察到106种单体型.8个Y-STR的基因变异度在0.355～0.821之间,单体型变异度为0.9996.结论 在四川汉族群体,8个基因座构成的单体型具有较好的个人识别能力和非父排除率.