Recent Developments in Modern Language Teaching for the Deaf Child

Résumé

L'auteur souligne l'importance de l'emploi précoce d'appareils auditifs chez l'enfant sourd. A fin d'atteindre ce but il est nécessaire d'organiser un dépistage systématique des surdités de naissance. On décrit les résultats favorables obtenus dans un certain cas de ←home training→ commencé à l'age de six mois. Grâce aussi aux bons soins des parents les courbes de développement linguistique sur le plan passif et actif peuvent ←tre démontré, bienque le problème de la rééducation du langage soit un peu plus compliqué.

Dans l'aˇge scolaire il s'agit aussi d'une méthode nouvelle pour rééduquer des enfants sourds. ll est apparu que le laboratoire des langues—c'est à dire l'application d'enregistrements sur bande magnétique—se prěte particulièrement à la rééducation du langage en utilisant les restes auditifs.     

Auditory processing disorders and problems with Hearing-Aid fitting in old age

The hearing handicap experienced by elderly subjects depends only partially on end-organ impairment. Not only the neural unit loss along the central auditory path-ways contributes to decreased speech discrimination, but also learning processes are slowed down. Diotic listening in elderly people seems to fasten learning of discrimination in critical conditions, as in the case of sensitized speech. This fact, and the binaural gain through the binaural release from masking, stress the superiority, on theoretical grounds, of binaural over monaural hearing-aid fitting.     

老年性聋听觉认知障碍的研究进展

随着人口老龄化现象日趋显著,老年性聋伴随认知障碍发生率增加,二者的相关性及其深层的发病机制是近年来听觉认知领域的研究热点和临床关注的焦点.本文对近年来国内外关于老年性聋听觉认知障碍的相关研究文献进行了详细梳理,阐述老年性聋对认知障碍的发生机制上潜在的联系,并就两者深入研究的重点方向提出观点.     

Recent developments in cochlear physiology

Recent findings in cochlear physiology have caused many of our long held ideas about how sound is analyzed by the ear to be reevaluated. This article describes changes which have occurred in three classical ideas of cochlear transduction: (1) There is a gradient of frequency representation along the cochlea with high frequencies being represented at the base and lower frequencies represented progressively toward the apex. It is now known that the specific frequency which is represented at a given location along the cochlea is not invariant but changes systematically during the normal development of hearing. (2) The place code and frequency tuning along the cochlea are due to the conventional traveling wave of von Békésy and basilar membrane mechanics. Experiments in nonmammalian vertebrates which lack a traveling wave have shown that other mechanisms, including the mechanical resonance of hair cell stereocilia, may contribute to tonotopic organization and frequency tuning. It is possible that hair cell stereocilia also contribute to frequency representation and tuning in the mammalian cochlea. (3) The vibration of the basilar membrane to sound is determined by its passive mechanical properties. It is now known that the response of the basilar membrane, and that of the cochlear partition as a whole, is influenced by physiological processes which utilize metabolic energy. The active processes are likely expressed through the motile activity of outer hair cells.     

Recent changes in audiometric standards

A number of new British Standards have been published which affect users of audiometers and audiometric calibration equipment. These are identical to their international counterparts, giving us agreed values for thresholds of hearing by both air and bone conduction. This article draws attention to the important changes that have taken place and looks forward to likely future changes.     

Recent advances in Asian rhinoplasty

Asian rhinoplasty is an expanding topic in the field of rhinoplasty. Although the main principles of various rhinoplasty techniques apply equally to the Asian nose, Asian rhinoplasty is unique owing to its different anatomy and ethnicity. In recent years there have been some noteworthy developments in Asian rhinoplasty. Traditional techniques using alloplastic implants with endonasal approach are changing due to the advent of new beauty concept, introduction of new techniques, and development of newly improved materials.In this review, we will highlight some of the recent advances of Asian rhinoplasty with emphasis on dorsal augmentation, advances in implant material and tip surgery using autologous cartilage. Finally with increase of revision cases, issues relavant to revision rhinoplasty in Asians will be addressed.     

偏头痛性眩晕研究进展

通过过去几十年的一系列病例研究,提出了一类在病因上与偏头痛有关的眩晕综合征[1-12],这类综合征的同义词包括良性复发性眩晕(benign recurrent vertigo)[1,2]、偏头痛     

Recent advances in thyroid imaging

Thyroid imaging has evolved from early radionuclide rectilinear thyroid scanning to the recently developed technique of single photon emission computed tomography. At the same time, x-ray fluorescent scanning, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography have improved identification of the thyroid gland. The appropriate use and relative roles of these imaging modalities in the investigation of patients with thyroid disease are discussed.     

Recent modifications in thyroplasty type I

Among thyroplasties, type I is the most frequently used for medialization of the vocal cord. Follow-up study on patients indicated that reversion of voice can occur after operation. Revision was done in five cases with improvement of voice. On the basis of this experience, modifications were made in the technique of thyroplasty type I. They include 1) cutting the calcified cartilage with minimal intervention in the soft tissue, 2) fixation of the window with a silicone plug to enhance medialization, and 3) overmedialization of the vocal cord and definition of criteria for it that can be used during surgery.