基于计划行为理论的城市中学生戒烟意向影响因素分析

应用计划行为理论探讨影响城市中学生戒烟意向的主要因素,为开展针对性的校园控烟工作提供理论依据.方法 根据计划行为理论设计问卷,对随州市254名吸烟城市中学生进行调查,并建立回归方程分析戒烟意向的影响因素.结果 行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制均与戒烟意向呈正相关(r值分别为0.64,0.71,0.83,P值均<0.01).多元逐步回归分析显示,直接控制、主观规范、直接态度和间接态度进入影响中学生戒烟意向的回归方程(R2=0.72,P<0.01).结论 直接控制、主观规范和行为态度是影响城市中学生戒烟意向的主要因素.学校、家庭和社会可以计划行为理论为指导,开展中学生戒烟健康教育.     

基于计划行为理论的婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向分析

目的 探索婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向的影响因素,为婴幼儿腹泻求医行为的干预提供科学依据。方法 以计划行为理论框架为依据,增加既往就医,从就医态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、求医行为意向,既往就医5个方面编制婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向量表,对随机整群抽取的649例兰州市七里河区0~36月龄婴幼儿看护人进行调查。利用结构方程模型探索了婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向的影响因素。结果 基于扩展的计划行为理论构建的婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向模型可解释婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向方差变异的53.8%,结果显示,知觉行为控制(β=0.733,P<0.001)和既往就医(β=0.252,P<0.001)提高了求医意向,主观规范削弱了求医意向(β=-0.094,P<0.001)。此外,就医态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制三者之间相互影响。结论 知觉行为控制、既往就医、主观规范是婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向的影响因素,这对婴幼儿腹泻求医行为的干预具有暗示作用。     

运用计划行为理论探讨高血压患者遵医服药行为的影响因素

目的运用计划行为理论,来探索社区中老年高血压患者遵医服药行为和行为意向的主要影响因素。方法按计划行为理论设计问卷,对武汉市社区卫生服务中心的中老年高血压患者进行调查,用结构方程分析理论各维度对遵医服药行为和行为意向的影响。结果行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对于行为意向的直接影响分别为0.42,0.27和0.28,知觉行为控制、行为意向对于遵医服药行为的直接影响分别为0.59和0.27,整个计划行为理论对遵医服药行为的确定系数(R2)为0.52。结论行为态度是影响高血压患者遵医服药行为意向的主要因素,知觉行为控制则是影响遵医服药行为的最重要因素。     

基于计划行为理论的女性性工作者安全套使用行为影响因素的分析

目的运用计划行为理论来探索低档娱乐场所女性性工作者(FSWs)安全套使用行为的主要影响因素,以期为今后预防艾滋病的行为干预工作提供有针对性的指导。方法按计划行为理论设计问卷,对随州和武汉地区低档场所FSWs进行调查,采用结构方程模型来分析安全套使用行为的影响因素。结果行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对于行为意向的总体影响分别为0.517、0.127和0.086。知觉行为控制、行为意向、行为态度、主观规范对于行为的总体影响分别为0.654、0.183、0.095和0.023。结论行为态度是影响FSWs安全套使用行为意向的最主要因素。知觉行为控制相比行为意向对FSWs人群安全套使用行为的影响更大。     

个体开业医生转型家庭医生意向的影响因素分析

目的:在家庭医生人才短缺的背景下,分析个体开业医生转型家庭医生意向的影响因素,为实现家庭医生服务提供主体的多元化提供借鉴。方法:基于山东、湖南、云南三省的抽样调查数据,利用结构方程模型对个体开业医生转型家庭医生的意向进行系统分析,从行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制分析个体开业医生行为意向的影响因素。结果:行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对个体开业医生的行为意向均有显著影响,其中行为态度与主观规范影响较大。结论:个体开业医生转型家庭医生的意向受其个人喜好及社会关系的影响较大,提升其参与意愿行为态度和主观规范是干预重点。     

医养结合下老年人医疗消费行为影响因素分析——以南京市为例

目的:在"医养结合"背景下,老年人能否合理、有效、充分的利用医疗资源,建立良好的医疗消费行为和消费意向,对于实现健康养老、提高老年人生活幸福感具有重要意义。方法:基于南京地区的微观调查数据,利用计划行为理论和结构方程模型对影响该地老年人医疗消费行为和消费意向进行系统分析,从行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制分析医疗消费行为的影响因素。结论:老年人感知看病行为的难易程度与其医疗消费行为意向不存在显著因果关系;老年人的医疗消费行为意向受到其所处的社会网络中各类社会关系的影响;老年人的医疗消费行为受到行为信念、规范信念、行为态度和主观规范的作用。     

基于计划行为理论的护理生从事老年护理工作意愿实证研究

目的了解高职院校护理生从事老年护理工作的意愿,为培养护理专业人员提供依据。方法采用分层抽样法选取宁波市某高校不同护理专业和年级的1 176名高职护理生,采用基于计划行为理论设计的问卷进行调查,分析其从事老年人群护理工作的意愿及行动计划。结果 55.96%的护理生愿意从事老年护理工作,其行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制平均得分为(52.12±9.52)、(16.42±6.21)和(31.54±7.94)分。不同专业、年级、有无照顾老人经验、有无接受老年护理知识的护理生,从事老年护理工作的行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同专业、有无照顾老人经验及有无接受老年护理知识的护理生,从事老年护理工作的行为意向差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。从事老年护理工作的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及行为意向间均呈正相关(P0.01)。行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制均进入回归方程,标准化回归系数分别为0.18、0.35和0.25。结论基于计划行为理论调查显示该地区在培养老年护理人才方面成效初显,高职护理生对从事老年护理工作有较好的职业意愿。     

计划行为理论在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复护理的应用进展

计划行为理论（TPB）是一种社会心理学理论，能够分析影响行为的因素、预测行为意向及能够解释行为决策过程。该理论认为行为是由行为意向决定，行为意向受态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制的影响，而知觉行为控制又能直接作用于行为，对其相应的信念进行干预，可促进行为的实施。该理论目前已广泛应用于多个领域，且带来了积极影响，但在护理领域的应用仍需要进一步探讨。通过对TPB的应用进行综述并对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺康复护理领域的应用进行展望。     

基于计划行为理论的居民健康自我管理行为影响因素探析

文章从社会心理学的角度,运用计划行为理论的分析框架,探究居民健康自我管理行为的影响因素,分析居民的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、行为意向是健康自我管理行为的影响因素的合理性,最后从态度改变,加强社会支持以及鼓励居民多元参与社会活动对行为执行提出建议策略.     

基于解构计划行为理论的医师双向转诊行为影响因素研究

医师是双向转诊的主要决策者之一，对分级诊疗制度落实有着重要影响。文章基于解构计划行为理论对影响医师转诊意向的态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制进行解构分析，探究来自医师自身信念、他人压力和资源环境等多种影响因素及作用机制，为下一步问卷设计以及定量模型的拟合铺垫良好的理论基础，同时也为我国双向转诊制度落实与完善提供针对性的策略参考。     

基于计划行为理论注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为的研究

目的 基于计划行为理论探究注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为及其影响因素,为采取有效干预措施促进注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为提供理论依据。方法 以计划行为理论的问卷编制框架为指导,从行为态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、行为意愿、行为五个方面编制注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟问卷,经过信度与效度检验后,使用正式问卷对638名护士进行调查,并通过结构方程模型验证所构建的理论模型。结果 基于计划行为理论,注册护士帮助住院患者戒烟的模型解释了护士帮助行为和行为意愿方差变异的43.00%和36.00%,行为意愿的直接作用与感知行为控制的间接作用对帮助行为产生的影响明显。结论 针对性地改善行为意愿和感知行为控制是对护士帮助住院患者戒烟行为进行干预的重点。     

富顺县商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用及其影响因素

目的了解富顺县商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用情况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究设计,通过多途径招募纳入调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查,调查问卷依据计划行为理论进行设计。结果共调查95人,调查对象最近1次商业性性活动中安全套使用率为65.3%,最近半年安全套坚持使用率为44.2%。最近1次商业性性活动中安全套使用的影响因素为安全套使用意向(OR=24.789,P=0.001)、主动拒绝安全套(OR=0.016,P=0.001)、暗娼主动提出使用安全套(OR=9.712,P=0.016);最近半年安全套坚持使用的影响因素为安全套使用意向(OR=71.743,P(0.01);安全套使用意向的影响因素为态度(OR=1.566,P=0.006)、主观规范(OR=0.603,P=0.049)、感受到的行为控制(OR=1.873,P(0.01)、暗娼主动提供安全套(OR=0.038,P=0.008)和艾滋病知识(OR=15.62,P=0.019)。结论商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用率低,安全套使用行为与安全套使用意向及情境因素相关,同时安全套使用意向受到个体态度、主观行为规范、感受到的行为控制以及情境因素的影响。     

Regular Exercise in 30- to 60-Year-Old Men: Combining The Stages-of-Change Model and The Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Determinants for Targeting Heart Health Interventions

The theory of planned behavior and the stages-of-change model were used to gain a clearer understanding of the factors associated with regular exercise in order to plan more effective programs in heart disease prevention. The study was conducted using a self-administered postal questionnaire sent to a sample of 2,269 men 30 to 60 years of age. Nearly a quarter (23.3%) of respondents were physically inactive, of whom 10.5% were in the precontemplation and 12.8% in the contemplation stages ; 42.1% exercised less than twice a week, of whom 22.4% were in the preparation I and 19.7% in the preparation II stages. Only 34.6% were in the action stage, exercising regularly for at least 20 minutes twice a week or more with the intention of continuing to do so. Logistic regression indicated that the variables derived from the theory of planned behavior, namely attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, were differently associated with the stages of behavior. Perceived behavioral control was strongly significant in all stages. Attitude was related with stages in which individuals have intention of exercising (contemplation and preparation II). In contrast, subjective norm seemed to be associated with stages in which individuals have no intention of doing so (precontemplation and preparation I). By identifying the specific needs of sub-groups, the results can help define programs most likely to accelerate men to the stage of regular exercise, part of an effective strategy for heart health promotion in this high-risk population.     

Beliefs,Attitudes, Intentions,and a Smoking-Cessation Program: A Planned Behavior Analysis of Communication Campaign Development

This study combines insights from research on communication campaigns with a social psychological theory of planned behavior and the Purdue stepped approach model of health-care delivery. This synthesis is applied in a study of beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions and interests with respect to participation in a smoking-cessation program. A telephone survey based on a probability sample of 191 student smokers indicates moderate prepromotional interest in a stepped cessation program. The strongest predictor of intention to participate is attitude toward participation, followed by perceived normative expectation and control belief. Analysis of attitude-relevant beliefs indicates that program promotion must target both expectancies for healthful outcomes of program participation and evaluations of those outcomes. We also discuss the instability of student smoking, self-perceptions of smoking, and self-reports of smoking.     

健康干预对冠心病患者戒烟、他汀类及阿司匹林使用的影响简

目的：观察健康干预对冠心病患者戒烟，他汀类及阿司匹林使用等行为的改善作用。方法选择有吸烟史的冠心病患者300例，通过多种途径开展健康干预，采取问卷调查评价干预前后吸烟、他汀类和阿司匹林的使用情况以及失败原因。结果干预前后吸烟率、他汀类的使用人数比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），但阿司匹林的使用人数比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；戒烟不成功、未使用他汀类及阿司匹林的主要原因分别为缺乏自我控制能力、认为血脂正常不需要服药、合并消化道疾病等。结论健康干预能提高冠心病患者戒烟率，他汀类和阿司匹林的使用率，是基层地区慢性病适宜技术推广的有效途径之一。     

Educational differences in the intention to stop smoking: explanations based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour

BACKGROUND: At this time, the mechanisms by which socioeconomic differences in smoking develop are not completely understood. In this paper the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a potential explanatory framework for socioeconomic differences in smoking is tested. It was hypothesized that components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour may be unequally distributed over educational groups and therefore contribute to the explanation of socioeconomic differences in smoking. Educational differences in the intention to quit smoking are described and attempts are made to understand these in the light of educational patterns in attitude towards smoking cessation, perceived subjective norm concerning quitting smoking, and self-efficacy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was part of the longitudinal GLOBE study on socioeconomic differences in The Netherlands. Components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour were measured in 1997 among 602 Dutch daily smokers. RESULTS: No educational differences in the intention to quit smoking were found. Persons with a more positive attitude towards smoking cessation and a high subjective norm significantly more often intended to quit smoking. But, positive attitude and high subjective norm were not related to education, which explains the lack of educational differences in intention to quit smoking. Higher educated respondents reported significantly higher self-efficacy to refrain from smoking, which, however, was not related to the intention to quit smoking. CONCLUSION: It is anticipated that, from all components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, only the direct effect of self-efficacy on behaviour may contribute to educational differences in smoking cessation.     

Exercising for two: examining pregnant women''s second trimester exercise intention and behavior using the framework of the theory of planned behavior

Research examining the motivational determinants of exercising during pregnancy is mostly atheoretical, despite the need for theory-based designs. The study's main objective was to prospectively examine women's exercise intention and behavior from their second to third pregnancy trimester using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Participants were 89 pregnant women who completed self-reported measures of their exercise attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated: 1) intention and not perceived behavioral control significantly predicted exercise behavior; and 2) attitude was the strongest determinant of exercise intention, followed by perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. The study findings provide preliminary support for the TPB as an effective framework for examining exercising during pregnancy. Understanding women's thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about exercise can assist intervention specialists with developing and implementing effective programs promoting exercise during pregnancy.