放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率与染色体畸变关系分析

目的 分析放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率与染色体畸变的关系。为放射工作人员体检观察射线损伤和受照剂量关系选择适当的检测指标。方法 选择淋巴细胞微核率异常升高的放射工作人员进一步做染色体畸变分析，微核检测和染色体畸变分析均采用培养法。结果 淋巴细胞微核率异常升高者中，染色体畸变阳性率为16.32%,男性高于女性；染色体畸变阳性率和染色体畸变率均有随着微核率升高而升高的趋势。结论 在射线损伤效应中，微核率异常先天染色体畸变异常；随着微核率升高，出现染色体畸变的可能性也随之增加。因此，放射工作人员体检应先检查淋巴细胞微核，微核率显著升高者再进一步做染色体畸变分析。     

苍耳子对正常脐带血细胞的影响

目的:观察苍耳子水提物及醇提物对正常脐带血细胞的影响.方法:采用细胞体外培养技术及细胞染色体标本制作技术,观察淋巴细胞转化率、细胞分裂指数、细胞微核率及姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)频率.结果:水提物对淋巴细胞转化率的影响随着浓度增加抑制作用增强,低浓度对细胞分裂指数有一定抑制作用,对微核的形成无明显作用,对SCE频率影响不明显.醇提物对淋巴细胞转化率的影响随着浓度增加促进作用增强,对细胞分裂指数有一定促进作用,对微核的形成无明显作用,能显著降低SCE频率.结论:苍耳子水提物中含有毒性成份.     

海洛因依赖者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核的观察

应用常规染色体畸变分析和胞浆分裂阻滞微核法检测了海洛因依赖者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率，并将海洛因依赖组微核率和微核细胞率与正常对照相比较。结果表明，海洛因依赖组微核细胞率和微核率显著高于对照，但不能排除吸烟的影响；在海洛因依赖组中所观察到的染色体畸变主要为单间隙．     

海洛因依赖者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核的观察

应用常规染色体畸变分析和胞浆分裂阻微核法检测了海洛因依赖者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率，并将海洛因依赖组微核率和微核细胞率与正常对照相比较。结果表明，海洛因依赖组微核细胞率和微核率显著高于对照，但不能排除吸烟的影响；在海洛因依赖组中所观察到的染色体畸变主要为单间隙。     

Genetic toxicity of taxol

研究了抗肿瘤新药紫杉醇的致突变性及致癌潜能，结果表明，紫杉醇在１～５０００μｇ／皿范围内，无论有无Ｓ９活化系统对沙门氏菌株四株（ＴＡ９７，ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ１００，ＴＡ１０２）标准测试菌株均无致突变性．但在小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变分析试验中，均显示了阳性反应．紫杉醇在２０，４０，８０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１诱导的小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核率分别为１９．３‰，２９．３‰，４７．１‰，均明显高于阴性对照的２．２‰（Ｐ＜０．０１）。染色体畸变分析表明，非活化条件下在２０～１６０μｇ·Ｌ－１范围内，活化条件下在８０～６４０μｇ·Ｌ－１范围内，紫杉醇可使ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变增加．畸变类型主要为染色体数目改变，表明其作用点是纺缍体而不是ＤＮＡ．本研究结果显示了紫杉醇的致癌潜能，也为其临床应用的风险效益评价提供了有价值的资料．关键词紫杉醇；沙门氏菌；微核；染色体畸变     

染色体畸变分析和微核率检测在放射人员健康体检中的价值

目的分析染色体畸变分析和微核率检测在放射人员健康体检中的价值。方法对我市相关部门的400名从事放射类工作的人员进行染色体畸变和微核甲基纤维素法进行检查,并且选择不出事放射工作来院进行正常体检的400名人员以同样的方法进行检测,设为对照组,对两组检测的结果进行分析和比较。结果检查结果,400名放射工作人员染色体平均畸变率为0.048%,检出率为3.92%;染色体平均畸变低于正常值0.14‰;平均微核率为0.514‰,检出率为24.51%;染色体畸变率和微核率都明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义,P<0.05。而在不同工种、工龄、性别的放射工作人员染色体畸变率和微核率均无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论放射工作人员染色体畸变率和微核率高于正常人群,应加强对放射工作人员的辐射防护工作。     

子宫内膜癌淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性研究

目的　研究子宫内膜癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性 ,探讨子宫内膜癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变 (CAR)、脆性部位 (fra)、姐妹染色单体交换 (SCE)、微核 (MN )、核仁形成区 (NOR)的相关性。方法　对 19例子宫内膜癌患者外周血培养 ,常规收获细胞 ,制片 ,分别对淋巴细胞染色体 CAR、fra、SCE、MN、NOR检测并进行相关分析。结果　 119例子宫内膜癌患者染色体结构畸变以出现次数的多少排列顺序为 :3、2、1、5、7、17号染色体。 2染色体非二倍体、CAR、fra、SCE频率、MN率、Ag- NOR分别为 2 1.4%、(9.9± 3.5 ) %、7.8%、(7.2± 1.7)次 /细胞、(6 .8± 2 .3)‰、(6 .1± 1.4)个 /细胞。正常对照组为 15 .2、(4 .0± 1.9) %、3.1%、(5 .1± 0 .7)次 /细胞、(2 .2± 1.6 )‰、(5 .3± 1.0 )个细胞。 3染色体 CAR、fra、SCE、MN间相关性分析发现正常对照组CAR与 fra之间呈正相关 ,余各项之间无相关。而子宫内膜癌患者除了 CAR与 MN无相关外 ,各指标之间均呈正相关。结论　子宫内膜癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体存在着数目及结构畸变 ,染色体畸变是导致子宫内膜癌发生的重要原因。肿瘤患者淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性的发生是其必然的表现 ,通过对高危人群进行染色体不稳定性检测有助于筛查高危患者。     

智力低下儿的细胞微核检查分析

目的探讨染色体异常和细胞微核发生与智力低下的关系。方法选择40例行遗传咨询患儿作为智力低下组,20例正常儿童作为正常对照组,应用常规法分别制备智力低下儿和正常儿童的淋巴细胞及其染色体G显带的标本,检测2组核型和细胞微核率。结果 40例智力低下儿中,共检出15例染色体异常核型,检出率为37.5%,其中21-三体综合征10例（25.0%）;其微核发生率为12.5%,正常对照组染色体异常1例（5.0%）,微核率为3.26%。2组染色体异常发生率和微核率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论染色体畸变与微核的形成是引起智力低下发生的重要遗传学原因。     

盐藻β-胡萝卜素抗突变效应

目的：研究盐藻β胡萝卜素（βｃａｒｏｔｅｎｅｆｒｏｍＤｕｎａｌｉｅｌａｓａｌｉｎａ，βＣＤＳ）致突变及抗突变作用．方法：用体外人淋巴细胞微核和染色体畸变检测，研究了βＣＤＳ对γ射线和丝裂霉素（Ｍｉｔ）诱变作用的影响．结果：βＣＤＳ１－３０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１对人淋巴细胞无致突变性，但能抑制γ射线诱发的微核形成和Ｍｉｔ诱发的染色体畸变．当合成β胡萝卜素与天然β胡萝卜素油（βＣＤＳ成份之一）按８０∶２７５混合后，拮抗了前者的遗传毒性，并使两者的抗突变作用得到增强．结论：βＣＤＳ是一种抗突变成份     

利用细胞松弛素B改进淋巴细胞微核检测方法

微核测试技术已广泛作为检测染色体损伤的方法.在微核检测中,尤其是体外染毒时,只有观察至少经过一次分裂的细胞才有意义,因为通过一次细胞分裂,染色体损伤才能以微核的形式表达出来.由于供血者的个体差异和培养条件等的不同,淋巴细胞培养时,各细胞的动力学过程有很大差别,即培养期间细胞分裂过程并不同步,有的可不分裂,有的分裂过1次、2次或更多次,而且常规     

Cytogenetic variability of lymphocytes from phenotypically normal men: influence of age, smoking, season, and sample storage

A cytogenetic study was conducted on cultured lymphocytes from a group of 60 male volunteers to determine the baseline of chromosomal aberrations in nonchemical workers. Only males were included in the study to avoid any sex effects on the results. Blood samples were collected from each man every 13 w (quarterly) over a period of 12 m. A single batch of culture medium was used for the entire study. The influence of storing the blood samples prior to culture, donor's age, cigarette smoking, and seasonal variation on lymphocyte mitotic index and chromosomal aberration yield was analyzed. A significant decrease in mitotic activity was observed in cultures from samples stored for 3 d at room temperature (22 +/- 1 degree C). Storing of samples at refrigerator temperature (4 +/- 1 degree C) for up to 3 d prior to culture did not affect lymphocyte growth. Although the mitotic index was found to be inversely proportional to the age of the donors, a significant influence of age on total cytogenetic aberrations was not detectable. A group of 15 smokers appeared to have higher number of chromosomal aberrations; however, the difference in mean mitotic activity between lymphocytes of the two groups was not statistically significant. No detectable seasonal influence was found on any chromosomal aberration category except in the number of chromatid gaps. The mitotic indices of the first quarter cultures, on the other hand, showed significant differences from the other three quarters. The chromosomal aberration baseline of the group was not strikingly different from the ones reported by other investigators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Oxcarbazepine-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocyte cultures with or without metabolic activation

There has been considerable debate about the relationship between epilepsy and cancer. Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is used for treating certain types of seizures in patients with epilepsy. There have been no detailed investigations about genotoxicity of OXC and its metabolites. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of OXC and its metabolites on cultured human lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OXC on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 125, 250 and 500?μg/ml of OXC in the presence (3?h treatment) and absence (24?h and 48?h treatment) of a metabolic activator (S9 mix). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. OXC showed cytotoxic activities due to significant decreases in mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. Metabolites of OXC also significantly reduced MI and PI in cultures with S9 mix. OXC significantly increased the CAs, aberrant cells, SCE and MN values in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Our results indicated that both OXC and its metabolites have cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic effects, and to make a possible risk assessment in patients receiving therapy with this drug.     

Assessment of in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flurbiprofen on human cultured lymphocytes

Flurbiprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the study was to explore the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flurbiprofen in human cultured lymphocytes by sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration, and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus tests. 10, 20, 30, and 40?μg/mL concentrations of flurbiprofen (solvent is DMSO) were used to treatment of human cultured lymphocytes at two different treatment periods (24 and 48 h). Flurbiprofen had no significant genotoxic effect in any of these tests. But exposing to flurbiprofen for 24 and 48 h led to significant decrease on proliferation index, mitotic index, and nuclear division index (NDI). Also, all decreases were concentration-dependent (except NDI at 24 h treatment period). Consequently, the findings of this research showed that flurbiprofen had cytotoxic effects in human blood lymphocytes.     

Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of fexofenadine in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Fexofenadine (FXF) is a new non-sedating antihistamine used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Studies on FXF genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes have not been reported so far. Therefore, the present study is the first report investigating the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of FXF in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Cultures were treated with FXF at three concentrations (50, 100 and 150 μg/ml) for 24 and 48 h. Endpoints analyzed included: mitotic index (MI), nuclear division index (NDI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control. The results of CA and MN assays showed that FXF was not genotoxic at all the concentrations tested, meanwhile MI and NDI results showed dose-dependent decrease and significant differences were found for at least one concentration. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that FXF has a cytotoxic effect but not genotoxic effect on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Further cytogenetic studies, especially about the cell cycle kinetics of FXF are required to elucidate the decreases in dividing cells, and biomonitoring studies should also be conducted with patients receiving therapy with this drug.     

The in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of remeron on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Remeron (Mirtazapine) is an antidepressant drug which exerts its action by blocking presynaptic α-2-adrenergic receptors and postsynaptic serotonin types 2 and 3 receptors. In this in vitro analysis, human peripheral blood lymphocytes was treated by remeron (10, 25, 40 and 55 μg/mL) for 24 hours and 48 hours periods, then it was attempted to study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the substance on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by some tests such as sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Also proliferating effect of the substance was investigated. Remeron didn’t significantly cause chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange while caused micronucleus at 40 μg/mL concentration and 24?h periodic time and increased proliferation index of the both 24 and 48 hours treated cells was decreased in a concentration manner. Also, exposing to the remeron for 24 and 48 hours leaded to a decrease in mitotic index and nucleus division index in the cells by concentration dependent manner. These findings showed that remeron did not have significantly genotoxic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes while it showed cytotoxic effects on the cells, which is the first report on genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of remeron.     

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clothianidin in human lymphocytes with or without metabolic activation system

Clothianidin (CHN) is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide. Limited studies have been carried out on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of both CHN using different genotoxicity tests in human cells with or without human metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of CHN and its metabolites on human lymphocyte cultures with or without S9 mix using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. The cultures were treated with 25, 50, and 100?µg/ml of CHN in the presence (3?h treatment) and absence (48?h treatment) of S9 mix. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. CHN showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects due to significant decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI), and significant increases in the CAs, aberrant cells, and MN formation in the absence of S9 mix when compared with solvent control. However, CHN did not significantly induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the presence of S9 mix. Our results indicated that CHN has cytotoxic, cytostatic, and genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, but not its metabolites under the experimental conditions.     

Cytogenetic alterations in human lymphocyte cultures following exposure to ofloxacin

Ofloxacin (OFX), a second-generation of quinolones, is a broad-spectrum flouroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. In this article, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of OFX in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OFX on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Cultures were treated with 30, 60 and 120?μg/ml of OFX for 48?h. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent control. OFX decreased the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly, especially at higher concentrations (60 and 120?μg/ml) compared with solvent control. OFX signi?cantly induced CAs at all concentrations and SCEs at higher concentrations (60 and 120?μg/ml) compared with solvent control. In conclusion, our results indicated that OFX has cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic potential especially at higher concentrations on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures under the experimental conditions.     

盐藻β—胡萝卜素抗突变效应

AIM: To study the genotoxic and antimutagenic efficts of beta-carotene from Dunaliella salina (beta-CDS). METHODS: The in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests in hunman lymphocytes were adopted. The effect of beta-CDS on mutagensis induced by gamma-rays and mitomycin (Mit) was studied. RESULTS: beta-CDS (1-30 mg.L-1) had no genotoxicity, but inhibited spontaneous and gamma-ray-induced micronucleus fromation and Mit-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro. The genotoxic action of synthetic beta-carotene (S beta C) was suppressed, the antimutagenic effects were heightened when S beta C and beta-carotene oil (beta CO, one of the beta-CDS compositions) were mixed in proportion as 80:27.5. CONCLUSION: beta-CDS is an antimutagenic agent.     

Investigation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the antihistaminic drug,loratadine, on human lymphocytes

Context: Loratadine (LOR) is a new generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic effect of LOR on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and methods: We investigated the genotoxic effect of this drug in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in culture conditions. Proliferation index (PI), mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxic/cytostatic effect. Cultures were treated with LOR at three concentrations (5, 15 and 25?µg/ml) for 48?h. Results: Although the MI significantly decreased at the higher concentrations (15 and 25?µg/ml) compared with negative (solvent) control, LOR indicated weaker cytotoxic potential in PI and NDI values at all the tested concentrations. LOR increased the frequencies of SCE, CA and MN in all lymphocyte cultures. However, significant increase was observed in MN at the medium and highest doses (15 and 25?µg/ml) and in CA at the medium dose (15?µg/ml) compared with negative (solvent) control culture. Our results indicate that LOR has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Discussion: Although most of previously findings have shown that LOR does not reflect genotoxicity, our results indicated that it may be a genotoxic drug. Conclusion: More studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects, and to make a possible risk assessment in patients receiving therapy with this drug.     

Analysis of genotoxic damage induced by dacarbazine: an in vitro study

Dacarbazine is one of the alkylating anticancer drugs being routinely used for the treatment of a number of neoplasias. Besides targeting cancer cells, these anticancer drugs also interact with genetic material of normal cells. In the present study, in vitro genotoxic effects of dacarbazine have been assessed employing cytogenetic assays. A variety of chromosomal aberrations were scored and significant increase in micronucleus and chromosomal aberration frequency was observed. Nuclear division index showed cell cycle delay towards higher concentrations. A number of necrotic and apoptotic cells were also observed at higher concentrations. Dacarbazine was found to be a potent inducer of genotoxic damage in human lymphocytes in vitro.