广州地区肝炎患者血清中庚型肝炎病毒核酸检测和病毒核苷酸测序

目的 了解广州地区肝炎患者中庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）的感染情况及基因型特点。方法 采用逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应（RT－nested PCR)方法检测出肝炎患者血清中HGV RNA,引物位于HGV基因组的非编码区,并对扩增产物进行直接测序。结果 251例急慢性肝炎血清中共检出25例HGV RNA阳性,总阳性率为9．96％,其中56例非甲－戊型肝炎中要出4例阳性（7．14％）,77例乙型肝炎（HB）中检出8例阳性（10．39％）,118例丙型肝炎（HC）中检出13例阳性（11．17％）;2株HGV广州核苷酸之间的同源性为98．0％,与非洲洲的同源性分别为81．7％和84．2％,与美国株的同源性均为91．1％。结论 广州地区肝炎患者中存在HGV感染,2株HGV广州株可能为同一基因型,且与HGV美国株具有较高的同源性。     

血透患者乙、丙、庚型肝炎病毒感染检测的临床意义

目的:研究血透患者(HDP)乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、庚型肝炎病毒(HGV)的感染状况、相关因素及防治措施。方法:对68例血透患者用ELISA法检测HBsAg、抗HBs、HBeAg、抗HBe、抗HBc、抗HCV、抗HGV;用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测HBVDNA、HCVRNA。结果:输血组肝炎病毒感染率明显高于单纯血透组(P<0.01)。血透患者的HCV、HGV感染率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),HBV感染率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:血透患者HCV、HGV、HBV感染率高,输血和血制品是主要因素,其次与透析器及管路的交叉使用有关。应尽量减少输血,加强透析过程中的消毒隔离措施。     

庚型肝炎（HG）的临床表现

有肝炎症状的病人甲-戊型肝炎病毒抗原抗体全部阴性一直是困扰临床医生的一个问题,而且这种情况在我国并不少见,约占全部肝炎病人的20％。这说明除已知的甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五型病毒外,还有其它非甲-戊型肝炎病毒（NH-EV）可造成感染。最近,生物医学工作者刚刚发现其中的一种,暂定名为庚型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis G Virus,HGV)(因为在此之前曾有人报道发现己型肝炎病毒)。由于此病毒为肝炎病因学最新进展,我国大多数临床医生对它尚不了解,容易造成诊断困难、治疗延误和病毒的血源性蔓延。本文对HGV感染的临床表现做了较详细的描述,希望能对临床医生的工作有所裨益。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清和肝组织中HBV DNA含量与庚型肝炎病毒感染的关系

目的：观察慢性乙型肝炎（CH－B）患者血清、肝组织中HBV DNA含量与庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）感染的关系，探讨HGV感染对CH－B患者乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）复制的影响。方法：应用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）、免疫组织化学法、荧光定量PCR（FQ－PCR）技术方法对56份CH－B患者血清HGV RNA、肝组织HGV Ag、血清及肝组织中HBV DNA含量分别进行了检测，并将血清HGV RNA与肝组织HGV Ag的表达、HGV RNA、HGV Ag阳性与阴性患者HBV DNA含量分别进行了对比研究。结果：血清HGV RNA、肝组织HGV Ag阳性分别为10份（17．9％）、8份（14．3％）。血清HGV RNA阳性与肝组织HGV Ag表达显著相关（P＜0．01），但部分肝组织HGV Ag阴性患者亦有血清HGV RNA表达。血清HGV RNA、肝组织HGV Ag阳性与阴性患者血清及肝组织中HBV DNA含量差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：HGV感染对CH－B患者HBV复制无影响。HGV可在肝脏中复制，但致病性可能较微弱。     

烟台沿海地区人源和猪源戊型肝炎病毒基因型别的研究

目的 调查烟台市沿海地区人源与猪源戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因型别的相关性.方法 应用逆转录一巢式聚合酶联反应( RT-nPCR)方法对当地急性散发戊型肝炎患者、正常人群中抗HEV-IgM阳性者和当地养猪场的猪进行HEV RNA检测,并对HEV RNA阳性标本进行克隆测序和序列分析.结果 16例急性散发戊型肝炎患者中有7例粪便标本HEV RNA阳性;51份lgM阳性正常人群血清标本中有1份HEV RNA阳性;34份猪胆汁标本中有1份HEV RNA阳性.序列分析发现该地区HEV人株与猪株在ORF2部分区域的核苷酸序列同源性为87％～ 98.1％.7株患者的戊肝病毒基因型和1株猪的戊肝病毒基因型均为Ⅳ型,基因序列同源性在87％ ～ 98.1％之间;其中有6例患者和猪的基因序列同源性在93.9％ ～98.1％之间,为Ⅳ型a亚型;1例患者和猪的基因序列同源性为87％,为Ⅳ型d亚型.正常人群的1例戊肝病毒基因型为Ⅰ型d亚型.该地区人与猪HEV的ORF2的部分基因片段与HEV Ⅰ～Ⅳ型的代表株进行比较,核苷酸序列同源性分别是82.5％～100％,81.7％ ～92.9％,81.4％ ～93.9％,84.9％ ～ 100％.结论 该地区人群中流行的HEV存在2个基因型3个亚型,主要以基因Ⅳa型为主,与猪群中流行的HEV基因Ⅳa型同源性较高;HEV Ⅰ型在人群中散在存在.     

庚型肝炎病毒NS5区基因序列测定和分析

目的为了研究哈尔滨市庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）非结构（ＮＳ５）区基因结构特征。方法对阳性标本进行了庚型肝炎病毒ＮＳ５区１８６核苷酸的基因扩增、分子克隆和序列分析，并利用基因分析软件处理结果。结果分离出的２株ＨＧＶＮＳ５区基因序列之间同源性为９５２％，而与国外报道的３株ＨＧＶ序列比较同源性在８４４％～９２４％，变异较大。结论提示ＨＧＶ有不同的基因型，这有待于对各区基因序列进行全面检测，综合判断之后才能确定。分离出的阳性株为从１９８４年肝炎患者血中分离，肯定了我市在８０年代就有庚型肝炎病毒感染存在     

单纯GBV-C/HGV感染人体血清学和病理学追踪研究

目的 从临床和病理学方面探讨庚型肝炎病毒（GBV－C／HGV）的致病性。方法 收集24例单纯血清GBV－C／HGV RNA阳性人体的穿刺活检肝组织及血清标本,其中8例作间隔2年以上的二次肝穿,进行血清和肝组织GBV－C／HGV RNA、血清抗E2抗体及ALT水平、肝组织NS3和NS5抗原检测,并作肝组织光、电镜观察。结果 24例血清GBV－C／HGV RNA阳性者首次肝穿前3d内平均ALT水平为60．17IU／ml(42-87IU/ml),抗E2抗体阳性率4．17％,首次肝组织GBV－C／HGV RNA阳性率为75．00％,NS3和（或SN5抗原阳性率为54．17％。GBV－C／HGV RNA及NS3和NS5抗原主要于肝细胞质内检出,阳性细胞呈散在分布,少数浸润的单个核细胞内有病毒RNA检出。肝细胞呈极轻度急、慢性炎症病变者占79．17％。与2年前比较,2年后24例观测对象血清GBV－C／HGV RNA自然转阴率66．67％（P＜0．001）,血清ALT复常率75．00％（P＜0．001）,E2抗体阳性率为41．67％（P＜0．001）,8例二次穿刺肝组织除2例有灶状肝细胞水样变性外,余均复常。结论 庚型肝炎病毒可引起极轻度自限性肝炎,提示其致肝损伤作用微弱且具有自限性;血清E2抗体是GBV－C／HGV感染恢复性标志,是否存在其他恢复性血清标志物尚待研究。     

萧山市部分自然人群血清抗庚肝抗体的调查

1995年美国Abbott公司报告发观了一种新型肝炎病毒(庚型肝炎病毒HGV)。1996年我国相继报道了国内存在HGV,并建立了相应的检测技术。我们于1996年11月～1997年11月,应用RIA法调查了萧山市部分自然人群、健康献血员及乙型肝炎血清标志阳性(HBVM~+)患者血清中的抗-HGV。现将结果报告如下。     

二重逆转录—聚合酶链反应及微孔板反向杂交法检？…

目的 为适应临床上需同时检测庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染情况，建立了二重逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）及微孔板反向杂交法。方法 根据ＨＣＶ与ＨＧＶ基因与ＨＧＶ特异探针微孔板反向杂交检测ＣＰＲ产物。结果 ＰＣＲ产物经测序，ＨＣＶ与Ｔａｋａｍｉｚａｗａ等及Ｃｈｏｏ等报道的核苷酸同源性分别为９３．１％￣９４．１％与９２．５％￣９３．７％，ＨＧＶ与Ｓｉｍｏｎｓ等、Ｌｉｎｎｅｎ等     

7例庚型肝炎的临床分析

７例庚型肝炎的临床分析张绍刚王建文任宝琴检测了６１例各型病毒性肝炎病人血清中庚型肝炎病毒感染情况。检出庚型肝炎病毒抗体阳性者７例（抗－ＨＧＶ）。其中９例甲～戊型病毒性肝炎标志均阴性者，有２例抗－ＨＧＶ阳性，另外５例均与它型肝炎重叠感染。１材料和方法１...     

HGV／GBV—C与HCV混合感染者HGV／GBV—C复制中间体的研究

目的 关于ＨＧＶ／ＢＧＶ－Ｃ组织亲和性的研究尚无结论性资料。我们研究了ＨＧＶ／ＧＢＶ－Ｃ与ＨＣＶ混合感染者ＰＢＭＣ和肝脏中ＨＧＶ／ＧＢＶ－Ｃ复制中间体（负链ＲＮＡ）的存在状况。方法 应用逆转录－巢式ＰＣＲ技术,检测了３２例肝炎患者ＨＧＶ／ＧＢＶ－Ｃ和ＨＶＣ正、负链ＲＮＡ。结果 有２６例ＨＧＶ／ＧＢＶ－Ｃ与ＨＣＶ混合感染者ＰＢＭＣ和肝脏中均未检测到ＨＧＶ／ＧＢＶ－Ｃ负链ＲＮＡ;而在９份ＰＢＭＣ和１５     

A new genotype 2 subcluster identified among GBV‐C strains circulating in the Lisbon metropolitan area of Portugal

The rate of infection by the GBV‐C virus was investigated in a group of 214 individuals at high risk of infection with parenterally transmitted viruses, and all living in the Lisbon metropolitan area (Portugal). RNA was extracted from plasma samples, and a fragment of the 5′‐UTR was amplified by RT‐PCR, disclosing a high prevalence of infection (40.7%). Most probably due to similar modes of viral transmission, the majority of GBV‐C (+) individuals were found to be coinfected with HIV and/or HCV. A genomic region covering part of the E1/E2 glycoprotein coding sequence was amplified from approximately half of the GBV‐C positive samples (44/87). Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences showed segregation of Portuguese GBV‐C strains with genotype 1 (G1, n = 10) and genotype 2 (G2, n = 24) references. Genotype 1 was significantly associated with the African descent of those infected. Curiously, some of the strains assigned to genotype 2 were shown to form a separate cluster (designated G2*) in both neighbor‐joining and Bayesian phylogenetic trees, which was confirmed by multivariate principal coordinate analysis. However, analysis of the distribution of intra‐ and intergenotype genetic distances support the hypothesis that rather than corresponding to a new viral genotype, G2* is a geographical subcluster within the genotype 2 radiation. J. Med. Virol. 82:452–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Direct evidence for GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) superinfection: elimination of resident viral strain by donor strain in a patient undergoing liver transplantation

The viral genome of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), a single-strand RNA virus, is subject to considerable variability and at least four genotypes have been suggested based on phylogenetic analysis. While co-infection of GBV-C/HGV with other infectious agents such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been frequently observed, there is no report whether or not co-infection and/or superinfection occurs among different GBV-C/HGV strains. By studying a GBV-C/HGV positive recipient/donor pair in the context of undergoing liver transplantation, we have sequenced multiple clones derived from serum samples serially collected over four years. Detailed phylogenetic analyses have been performed with these sequences. The donor was infected with GBV-C/HGV genotype 1 and this strain completely replaced recipient GBV-C/HGV strain (genotype 2) after liver transplantation. The recipient's original viral strain became undetectable during follow-up. Sequence analysis failed to identify genetic recombination between the two genotypes, at least in whole structural domain. This study, therefore, provides direct evidence for GBV-C/HGV superinfection of one strain by another with one of them predominating probably due to replication competition.     

Genotype distribution and comparison of the putative envelope region of hepatitis C virus from Korean patients

Comparative nucleotide sequence studies of the genomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) revealed that there are at least 6 different genotypes of HCV. The prevalence of HCV genotypes among the patients with liver diseases in Korea was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the NS5 region. In the 75 HCV RNA positive samples, two genotypes, type 1b and type 2a, were the major causative agents which accounted for 60% and 33% of infections respectively, while 7% could not be assigned a genotype by the methods used. The nucleotide sequences of cDNAs encoding the putative envelope proteins from 10 type 1b and 5 type 2a genotype samples were analyzed. Approximately 31–42% of the nucleotide sequences of type 1b samples examined differed from those of different genotypes, In the case of type 2a samples, 36–42% of the nucleotide sequences differed from those of different genotypes. The diversities of the amino acid sequences were the same or greater than those of the nucleotide sequences. Two hypervariable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) were recognized in both HCV genomes of genotypes 1b and 2a. However, the sequence divergence within the HVR2 region of genotype 2a was less than that of genotype 1b. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Interspousal transmission of GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus: A comparison with hepatitis C virus

Although infection with GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) by blood transfusion is well documented, little is known about the other routes of transmission. The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV infection in spouses of index patients and the related risk factors were studied. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GBV-C/HGV infections were studied in spouses of 100 patients with hepatitis C, of whom 12 were found to be also positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA. For couples both with GBV-C/HGV viremia, nucleotide sequences of the divergent envelope region were analyzed by phylogenetic tree constructions. For HCV infection, anti-HCV was found in 14 (14%) of the 100 spouses. Five spouses (42%) of the 12 patients with dual infection of GBV-C/HGV and HCV had evidence of GBV-C/HGV infection, three had viral RNA, and two had antibodies to a recombinant HGV envelope protein E2. Nucleotide sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis of the genome in the GBV-C/HGV infected couple revealed the isolates to be closely related. These results suggest that spouses of patients with GBV-C/HGV infection are at a higher risk of acquiring GBV-C/HGV as compared with HCV, and they should be educated to avoid GBV-C/HGV infection from their spouses, in case GBV-C/HGV is shown to be pathogenic. J. Med. Virol. 53:348–353, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Genotypes and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis B and delta viruses in Egypt

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) sequences among HBV carriers from Egypt have not been evaluated sufficiently. The genotypes of HBV isolated from 105 serum samples from Egyptian carriers were determined. Four complete genomes and 11 entire preS1/S2/S genes were sequenced and evaluated. All serum samples were classified into HBV genotype D using serologic and genetic methods. The length of four complete nucleotide sequences was 3,182 bp. In all 15 samples, the common 33 nucleotides (11 amino acids) deletions in the preS1 region specific for HBV genotype D were observed. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the complete nucleotide sequences, all samples were clustered with the HBV isolates reported from previously Western and Mediterranean countries with nucleotide homology ranging from 96.0-98.0%. Of 75 HBsAg positive samples, anti-HDV was found in 15 (20%), and HDV RNA was detected in 9 of 15 (60%). The proportion of the patients with liver disease was higher in HBV carriers of anti-HDV positive with HDV RNA than in HBV carriers of anti-HDV positive without HDV RNA (P < 0.05). In the phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences in nucleotide position 853-1267 of HDV, nine samples were classified into HDV genotype I with the nucleotide homology ranging from 88.3-92.1% (mean; 90.5%) and clustered with HDV strains reported previously from Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt, and Lebanon. These results indicate that HBV genotype D and HDV genotype I are most prevalent in Egypt, and HDV co-infection in HBV carriers is related to severity of liver disease.