vasostatin在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抗血管生成的研究

目的:用酵母表达系统表达具有生物活性的vasostatin,并检测其抗血管生成活性.方法:将vasostatin基因克隆入酵母诱导型表达载体pPIC9K中,经过Sac Ⅰ线性化、电转化毕赤酵母蛋白酶缺陷菌株Pichia pastoris KM17、筛选阳性克隆、PCR鉴定和DNA序列分析,获得了vasostatin基因重组到酵母染色体中的阳性重组子,阳性重组子经甲醇诱导和分离纯化,获得了重组vasostatin蛋白,CAM实验检测重组蛋白抑制血管新生活性.结果:酵母表达的重组vasostatin产量达12 mg·L-1,CAM实验表明重组vasostatin能够显著抑制新生血管生成.结论:酵母表达系统能高效表达具有抑制新生血管生成活性的重组vasostatin蛋白.     

硫氧还蛋白融合表达系统表达的小鼠内皮抑素之纯化和生物学活性鉴定

目的:将硫氧还蛋白融合表达系统表达的小鼠内皮抑素(endostatin)进行纯化并对其生物学活性进行测定.方法: 将含有pThioHis-endo重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG(异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷)诱导表达重组融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物为包涵体,将包涵体纯化后通过镍柱亲和层析得到纯化的、可溶性的小鼠内皮抑素,经SDS-PAGE分析鉴定.将纯化的蛋白质通过鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成抑制实验和内皮细胞抑制实验对纯化的蛋白质进行生物学活性测定.结果:经SDS-PAGE电泳分析获得了高纯度的小鼠内皮抑素重组融合蛋白,纯度可达95%,得率为0.27 g/L.纯化的重组蛋白在体外能抑制鸡胚囊膜血管生成及具有抑制血管内皮细胞增殖的活性,加入重组蛋白内皮抑素5 μg组与10 μg组血管生成抑制率分别为(22.3±2.0)%和(47.1±4.0)%,P<0.05,和对照组经过方差分析,差异都有显著性意义;内皮细胞抑制实验可见不同剂量重组蛋白内皮抑素对内皮细胞的生长具有抑制作用[抑制率分别为(49.6±4.1)%,(53.2±2.3)%,(55.0±3.6)%,(67.1±5.7)%],经过方差分析和相关性分析,具有剂量依赖效应(r＝0.984,P<0.05).结论: 用硫氧还蛋白融合表达系统在大肠杆菌中表达的小鼠内皮抑素重组融合蛋白易纯化并具有高活性.     

血管生成抑素endostatin的表达、纯化及活性研究

目的：将从人胎肝组织克隆的血管生成抑素endostatin基因进行原核表达、纯化,检测重组endostatin的生物学活性。方法：利用原核表达载体pBV220在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达endostatin,利用肝素Sepharose亲和层析及SephacrylS-200分子筛纯化;通过体外内皮细胞（ECV304）增殖实验及体内鸡胚尿囊膜（CAM）新生血管实验检测其抑制活性。结果：Endo-statin在DH5α中的表达率为28.5%,纯化后纯度可达90.5%.En dostatin可明显抑制体外培养的内皮细胞增殖.IC50为72ug/ml;20时使细胞于48h发生明显凋亡;200ug/ml的endostatin可使CAM新生血管化率下降30%.结论:研究结果表明endostatin对内皮细胞具有明显抑制作用.提示其在肿瘤及新生血管性疾病的治疗中有潜在的应用前景。     

发酵液中重组水蛭素的分离纯化

目的：建立毕赤酵母(pichia)高密度表达的重组水蛭素(recombinant hirudin-2,rHV2)分离纯化工艺。方法：高密度培养重组毕赤酵母并诱导表达水蛭素至胞外,发酵液经超滤、透析、离子交换层析。分离纯化rHV2目的蛋白;采用SDS-PAGE和抗凝血酶活力分别检测目的蛋白纯度和活性。结果：纯化样品经SDS-PAGE电泳检测为单一条带,重组水蛭素比活性为6000ATU／mg,纯化收率达38．6％。结论：超滤、透析和离子交换层析可用于发酵液中大规模分离纯化重组水蛭素。     

人纤溶酶原Kringle 5区的基因克隆的表达及纯化

目的克隆人纤溶酶原Kringle5(K5)区基因,并进行重组蛋白的表达纯化及活性鉴定.方法用PCR方法从正常成人肝cDNA库扩增出人纤溶酶原K5区基因,构建K5的原核表达载体pET-22b(+)-K5-6×His,IPTG诱导蛋白表达后经Ni+-树脂亲和层析进行纯化,通过血管内皮细胞增殖抑制试验检测蛋白活性.结果经PCR成功扩增出了243 bp的K5区基因,测序正确后克隆进大肠杆菌分泌型表达载体pET-22b(+),重组质粒在BL21中成功表达出分子量为14 000的蛋白质,纯化后的蛋白纯度达95%,具有抑制血管内皮细胞增殖活性的功能,K5蛋白浓度为4 μg/mL时抑制率达50%.结论纤溶酶原K5的成功克隆、表达及纯化可能在肿瘤和动脉粥样硬化的抗血管生成治疗中具有一定作用.     

重组人血管抑素的生物学活性研究

目的通过培养人微血管内皮细胞（HMEC-1）及建立鸡胚尿囊膜模型（CAM）观察重组人血管抑素（rhAS）的生物学活性。方法将不同浓度的rhAS加入含HMEC-1的培养瓶中,培养48h后,用MTT法检测其对细胞的抑制率;用乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的活性测定检测rhAS诱导HMEC-1凋亡的作用;用CAM模型检测rhAS对血管的抑制作用。结果 rhAS在体外可显著抑制HMEC-1细胞的增殖;在体内则可明显抑制CAM上血管的生成。通过AchE活性测定,发现rhAS既可抑制HMEC-1细胞的增殖,也可诱导HMEC-1细胞凋亡,其作用的不同与rhAS剂量相关。结论 rhAS是一个较有前景的抗肿瘤血管药物。     

人血管抑素K1-3在毕赤酵母胞内表达的研究

目的:构建人血管抑素K1-3的重组酵母胞内表达质粒PHIL-D2/K1-3,获得重组目的蛋白.方法:从胎儿肝脏组织用RT-PCR方法扩增人血管抑素K1-3目的基因,克隆至酵母胞内表达质粒PHIL-D2中,线性化后转化到毕赤酵母GS115胞内,经PCR和Sourthern杂交筛选出阳性转化子,并用甲醇诱导表达.表达产物进行SDS-PAGE(12%)和Western blot检测,经赖氨酸亲和层析柱纯化后,用Lowry法测定蛋白含量,并进行生物活性测定.结果:SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果显示,表达蛋白质的相对分子量为30kd左右,低糖基化.Lowry法测定蛋白表达量为6.8mg/L.活性测定实验表明重组血管抑素能特异抑制人血管内皮细胞的增殖.结论:在毕赤酵母GS115胞内成功表达了人血管抑素K1-3重组蛋白.     

人纤溶酶原Kringle 5区的基因克隆的表达及纯化

目的克隆人纤溶酶原Kringle5(K5)区基因,并进行重组蛋白的表达纯化及活性鉴定.方法用PCR方法从正常成人肝cDNA库扩增出人纤溶酶原K5区基因,构建K5的原核表达载体pET-22b(+)-K5-6×His,IPTG诱导蛋白表达后经Ni+-树脂亲和层析进行纯化,通过血管内皮细胞增殖抑制试验检测蛋白活性.结果经PCR成功扩增出了243 bp的K5区基因,测序正确后克隆进大肠杆菌分泌型表达载体pET-22b(+),重组质粒在BL21中成功表达出分子量为14 000的蛋白质,纯化后的蛋白纯度达95%,具有抑制血管内皮细胞增殖活性的功能,K5蛋白浓度为4 μg/mL时抑制率达50%.结论纤溶酶原K5的成功克隆、表达及纯化可能在肿瘤和动脉粥样硬化的抗血管生成治疗中具有一定作用.     

山蛭素Hs基因在甲醇毕赤酵母中表达

【目的】山蛭素基因在甲醇毕赤酵母中表达。【方法】利用PCR点突变方法改造山蛭素基因 ,将山蛭素基因克隆到pGEM Teasy载体中。对重组质粒测序 ,构建了毕赤酵母表达载体 pPIZB Hs ,然后转化有活性的GS115酵母菌株 ,筛选表达酵母菌株GS115 ,摇瓶发酵。【结果】改造的山蛭素基因在重组酵母中表达 ,重组蛋白质具有对凝血酶抑制活性。【结论】利用PCR点突变方法能改造山蛭素基因 ,并能在毕赤酵母中表达     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.