老年肝癌手术治疗的临床分析

本文总结８８例老年肝癌手术治疗结果，手术切除肝癌４５例，肝动脉结扎，并用肝动脉，门静脉插管，术后，术后灌注抗癌药物或碘油抗癌药物乳化液４３例。手术切除率为５１．１％，肝切除组，插管组的ＡＦＰ转阴率，６个月，１，２，３年生存率分别为７５．０％（２７／３６），２３．５％（８／３４），７３．３％（３３／４５），６２．８％（２７／４３），３１．３％（１３／４５），２７．９％（１２／４３），２２．２％（１０     

35岁以下青年食管贲门癌181例诊治分析

１９８１年１月至１９９２年１２月间，我们共治疗食管贲门癌３４６７例，其中３５岁以下青年食管贲门癌１８１例，占同期手术病例的５．２４％（１８１／３４６７）。手术切除率９０％，并发症发生率６．８％（１１／１８１），手术死亡率１．１％（２／１８１）。术后１、３、５、１０年生存率分别为９８．５％、３９．６％、２７．５％、１２．３％，综合治疗远期生存率，３、５、１０年为４２．３％、３０．６％、１３．１％。本     

35岁以下青年食管贲门癌181例诊治分析

１９８１年１月至１９９２年１２月间，我们共治疗食管贲门癌３４６７例，其中３５岁以下青年食管贲门癌１８１例，占同期手术病例的５．２４％（１８１／３４６７）。手术切除率９０％，并发症发生率６．８％（１１／１８１），手术死亡率１．１％（２／１８１）。术后１、３、５、１０年生存率分别为９８．５％、３９．６％、２７．５％、１２．３％，综合治疗远期生存率，３、５、１０年为４２．３％、３０．６％、１３．１％。本文提示：提高远期生存率的关键在于早期确诊，尽早治疗及术后放疗、化疗的配合。     

原发性气管肿瘤24例报告

作者报告原发性气管肿瘤２４例，手术治疗２３例，切除１９例，切除率８２．６％，姑息切除及气管造口４例，２４例中恶性肿瘤２１例，良性肿瘤３例。肿瘤位于气管上段８例，中段６例，下段１０例。切除１９例全部临床治愈，术后１、３、５和１０年生存率分别为８２．３％（１４／１７）、７５％（９／１２）、７５％（６／８）和５０％（２／４）。作者认为：气管肿瘤误诊率高，应注意早期诊断，已确诊的气管肿瘤应注意选择手术时机和手术方法。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌的放射治疗──附75例分析

１９７５年至１９８７年我院收治腺样囊性癌７５例。腮腺１２例，颌下腺１４例，舌下腺１例和小涎腺４８例。综合治疗５４例（７２％），单纯放疗１６例和单纯手术５例。５年随访率８７．９％，３、５和１０年生存率分别为７７．３％（５８／７５），６５．５％（３８／５８）和４５．２％（１４／３１）。单纯放疗、单纯手术和综合治疗５年生存率分别为３８．５％（５／１３），５０％（２／４）和７５．６％（３１／４１）（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅰ～Ⅳ期５年生存率分别为８１．３％（１３／１６）、７０％（１４／２０）、５３．３％（８／１５）和４２．９％（３／７）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

原发性食管小细胞癌

目的 对原发性食管小细胞癌（ＰＥＳＣ０的临床病理学特点及外科治疗问题进行研究。方法 １９９１年４月至１９９９年４月对２４例ＰＥＳＣ进行手术治疗，总结分析病理、临床资料。结果 全组手术切除率９１．７％（２２／２４），手术死亡率４．２％（１／２４），随访２３例术后１、２、３年生存率分别为３８．１％（８／２１），２６．３％（５／１９），１３．３％（２／１５）。结论 ＰＥＳＣ临床具有极高的恶性生物学行为，     

肺部罕见恶性肿瘤——癌肉瘤：附15例临床分析

１９７９年１１月～１９９２年９月间共收治肺部恶性肿瘤病人４２５１例，其中癌肉瘤１５例，仅占同期肺部恶性肿瘤的０．３５％。１５例中，男性１０例，女性５例。年龄３９岁～７６岁，平均年龄５５岁。手术方式：全肺切除６例，肺叶切除８例，行剖胸活检１例。１５例中，鳞癌混合纤维肉瘤４例，鳞癌混合软骨肉瘤１例，鳞癌混合多形细胞瘤１例，腺癌混合纤维肉瘤７例，腺癌混合软骨肉瘤１例，未分化小细胞癌混合软骨肉瘤１例，均经病理切片证实。手术并发症：１５例中１例出现呼吸衰竭，１例出现持续性高热，经积极治疗，２例均痊愈，无手术死亡。随访结果：１年生存率６６．７％（１０／１５），３年生存率５３．３％（８／１５），５年生存率４２．９％（６／１４），７年生存率２／７，术后生存最长时间达８年１个月。作者对肺癌肉瘤的组织来源、病理与临床表现关系及其诊断、治疗和预后进行了讨论     

原发性尿道癌17例报告

报告原发性尿道癌１７例，其中女性１４例，男性３例，男女之比１：４．６７；女性尿道癌发病年龄３２～７２岁，均龄５６岁；鳞癌、腺癌各７例。男性尿道鳞癌３例，均龄５２岁，其中２例为浸润癌。尿道癌恶性度高，淋巴转移早，治疗主张早期手术切除，结合放疗综合治疗。本组手术切除率５８．２％（１０／１７），女性尿道癌手术切除者８例，２年生存率６２．５％（５／８），５年生存率５０％（４／８），男性尿道癌手术切除者２例，均已无瘤生存达４年以上。     

23例原发气管癌的放射治疗

目的　评价原发气管癌放射治疗的意义及加腔内放射治疗后能否提高肿瘤局部控制率。方法　原发气管癌２３ 例,其中单纯放射治疗１３ 例,术后复发或残留行放射治疗１０ 例。结果　（１） 全组１ ,５ ,１０ 年生存率分别为６５ ．２ ％ ,２６ ．１ ％ ,５ ．９ ％ ,中位生存时间为２５ 个月。术后复发或肿瘤残留再放射治疗与单纯放射治疗的中位生存时间分别为５２ 个月与２３ 个月。根治放射治疗组与姑息放射治疗组的１ ,３ ,５ 年生存率分别为７６ ．９ ％ ,４６ ．２ ％ ,４６ ．２ ％ 与３０ ．０ ％ ,２０ ．０ ％ ,１０ ．０ ％ 。肿瘤局部控制率为３０ ．４ ％ （７／２３） ,其中单纯外照射１ 例,加腔内放射治疗４ 例,术后＋ 放射治疗２ 例。（２） 病理类型对生存率无明显影响。（３） 第１ 程放射治疗后局部未控复发再放射治疗７ 例,未治７ 例,其１ ,３ ,５年生存情况前者分别为６／７ ,３／７ ,１／７ ,后者１ 年为２／７ ,无２ 年以上生存者。结论　（１） 对不能手术、术后复发或肿瘤残留的患者,放射治疗是主要的、有效的治疗手段之一。（２） 加用腔内放射治疗可提高肿瘤局部控制率。（３） 复发后再程放射治疗仍可缓解症状延长部分患者寿命。     

全胃切除治疗胃癌56例临床分析

自１９８５年１２月至２０００年１２月行全胃切除治疗胃癌５６例，现报告如下。１材料与方法１．１一般资料男性４８例，女性８例；年龄４４～７４岁（平均年龄６２．３岁），６５岁以上占６７．９％（３８／５６）。合并心肺疾患占６６．１％（３７／５６）。全组均经上消化道钡餐及胃镜检查，病理证实为胃癌。１．２肿瘤类型病变部位：全胃癌（占３个分区）８例；残胃癌７例；胃上部癌２３例，其中贲门癌１３例，贲门癌侵犯胃底或胃体（占２个分区）１０例；胃体癌１１例；胃下部癌７例，其中胃窦癌２例，胃窦癌侵犯胃角或胃体（占２个分…     

冷冻联合无水乙醇瘤内注射治疗无法手术切除的肝癌

目的：采用经皮局部冷冻治疗(pereutaneous local cryotherapy，PLCT)和经皮瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗(pereutaneous ethanol injection therapy，PEIT)失去手术机会的肝癌，观察其疗效和安全性。方法：43例肝癌患者分为3组，14例患者29个病灶施行PLCT，16例患者23个病灶施行PEIT，13例患者23个病灶施行PLCT联合PEIT治疗。结果：单纯PLCT治疗的肿瘤大小50％以上缩小率为51．7％(15／29)；单纯PEIT治疗的肿瘤50％以上缩小率为43．5％(10／23)；PLCT联合PEIT治疗的肿瘤50％以上缩小率为78．3％(18／23)。单纯PLCT治疗后一年生存率为64．3％(9／14)，单纯PEIT治疗后为43．8％(7／16)，PLCT联合PEIT治疗后为84．6％(11／13)。各组患者AFP水平治疗后有不同程度下降。结论：PLCT联合PEIT治疗其效果优于单纯PLCT或单纯的PEIT治疗。     

脑动静脉畸形三维适形放疗的临床研究

目的:探讨三维适形放疗(3DCRT)治疗脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的价值。方法:42例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)或MR MRA证实的单发脑动静脉畸形患者。畸形血管团体积1.2～48.6cm3,平均值6.4cm3,其中23例<5cm3,15例为5～10cm3,4例>10.0cm3。治疗剂量20～24d共60～70Gy/20～24次。随访时间分别为1、2及3年。结果:<5cm3病灶1、2、3年内畸形血管团完全闭塞分别占73.9%(17/23)、82.6%(19/23)及95.7%(22/23)。5～10cm3畸形血管团完全闭塞分别占66.6%(10/15)、80.6%(12/15)及86.7%(13/15)。>10cm3病灶畸形血管团完全闭塞分别为2例(50.0%)、2例(50.0%)及3例(75.0%),28例癫痫患者症状完全消除18例(64.3%),症状缓解8例(28.6%),无明显改善2例(7.1%)。2例出现放射性脑水肿。结论:3DCRT是治疗脑血管畸形安全而有效的治疗方法,它是脑AVM治疗的重要手段之一。     

脑干胶质瘤三维适形放疗36例临床分析

目的分析接受三维适形放疗（3DCRT）脑干胶质瘤患者的生存时间及影响生存时间的相关因素。方法2004年10月至2008年12月36例明确诊断为脑干胶质瘤的患者,均给予局部病灶3DCRT,剂量50～54Gy,25～30次,5～6周。放疗期间观察并记录患者症状、体征及放疗不良反应,评价疗效,随访至诊断后3年,采用Kaplan—Meire法进行生存分析。结果儿童组（23例）中位生存时间9个月,成年人组（13例）中位生存时间15个月。儿童组及成年人组1、2、3年生存率分别为43．5％（10／23）与76．9％（10／13）、26．1％（6／23）与46．2％（6／13）、8．7％（2／23）与38．5％（5／13）。入院时Kamofsky评分（χ^2=20．059,P=0．000）、病变累及桥脑与否（χ^2=17．585,P=0．000）、影像学分型（χ^2=21．247,P=0．000）是影响患者生存的因素。结论3DCRT是脑干胶质瘤有效的治疗方法,儿童发病、病变侵袭桥脑、弥散型以及Kamofsky评分〈80分是预后不良的危险因素。     

The clinical and diagnostic relevance of CD23 expression in the chronic lymphoproliferative disease

BACKGROUND: CD23 antigen is a cell surface protein considered important in the differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from other lymphoid leukemias. METHODS: To better clarify CD23 role as a diagnostic tool, the authors retrospectively evaluated clinical and laboratory features of 372 patients who were referred to M.D. Anderson Cancer Center with a diagnosis of CLL or B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease. RESULTS: Most of the patients (91%) were CD19+/CD5+. Only 6% of these CD19+/CD5+ patients were CD23-. Overall, CD23- patients had the worse prognostic features compared with CD23+ cases, including anemia (P = 0.03), massive splenomegaly (P = 0.000), high lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.007), high beta2-microglobulin (P = 0.006), older age (P = 0.001), and male gender (P = 0.02). Surface immunoglobulin expression was moderate/strong in 19 (82%) patients, and FMC-7 was positive in 22 (96%) patients. None of the 13 patients tested for CD10 expressed the antigen. Based on morphology, of the CD23, 16 (70%) were diagnosed with mantle cell leukemia (MCL) was diagnosed in 16 (70%) CD23- patients, 3 (13%) with splenic marginal-zone leukemia, 3 (13%) with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) or PLL/CLL, and 1 (4%) with CLL. No cyclin D1 protein expression was noted by Western blot analysis in the one case that showed typical CLL morphology, and this patient did not require therapy. On the whole, the survival rate of CD23- patients was significantly worse than that of patients with CD23+. In contrast, 15 of 32 (49%) CD19+/CD5- patients were CD23-. CD23 negativity in this group was not associated with distinct clinical features or outcome. Eleven (73%) of these patients were classified as having splenic marginal-zone lymphoma and 4 as having follicular lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that CD23 negativity is rare in typical B-cell CLL, and CD23 negativity in patients with CD19+/CD5+ is suggestive of mantle cell leukemia a more aggressive disease with poor response to conventional therapy in which newer chemotherapy regimens such as hyper-CVAD may be more effective.     

Extended field irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix with positive periaortic nodes.

Forty-three patients were treated with extended field irradiation for periaortic metastasis from carcinoma of the uterine cervix (FIGO stages IB-IV). Twelve patients (28%) remained continuously free of disease to the time of analysis or death from intercurrent disease, 20 (46%) had persistent cancer within the pelvis, 11 (26%) had persistent periaortic disease, and 23 (53%) developed distant metastasis. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 32%. The results correlated well with the periaortic tumor burden at the time of irradiation. None of 19 patients (0%) with microscopic or small (less than 2 cm) periaortic disease had periaortic failures, compared to 29% (4/14) of those with moderate-sized (2-5 cm) disease and 70% (7/10) of those with massive (greater than 5 cm) periaortic metastasis. Similarly, the 5-year survival rates were 50% (6/12) with microscopic disease, 33% (2/6) with small gross disease, 23% (3/13) with moderate-sized disease, and 0% (0/10) with massive periaortic metastases. Only 10% (1/10) of patients whose tumor extended to the L1-2 level survived 5 years, compared with 31% (9/29) of those whose disease extended no higher than the L3-4 level. The periaortic failure rates correlated to some extent with the dose delivered through extended fields, although the difference was not statistically significant. Only 8% (1/13) of those who had undergone extraperitoneal lymphadenectomies developed small bowel complications, compared with 25% (7/29) of those who had had transperitoneal lymphadenectomies. The incidence of small bowel obstruction was 8% (1/13) following periaortic doses of 4000-4500 cGy, 10% (1/10) after 5000 cGy, and 32% (6/19) after approximately 5500 cGy. From this, we concluded that the subset of patients who would benefit most from extended field irradiation are those in whom the residual disease in the periaortic area measures less than 2 cm in size at the time of treatment, whose disease extends no higher than L3, and whose cancer within the pelvis has a reasonable chance of control with standard radiation therapy techniques.     

An audit of fusion CT-PET in the management of colorectal liver metastases.

AIM: To assess the use of positron emission tomography combined with computerized tomography (CT-PET) with fluoro-18-2-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)F-FDG) to identify hyper-metabolic tumours, especially colorectal metastases (CRM). METHODS: Patient particulars, diagnoses and clinical outcome for each patient were studied. Twenty-three patients underwent CT-PET, 10 males and 13 females, median age 59 (range 34-72). Fourteen patients presented with primary liver CRM and nine had undergone previous liver resections. Indications for CT-PET included; suspected extrahepatic disease in 13/23 patients, possible hepatic recurrence 5/23 and clinical suspicion in 8/23 patients. RESULTS: Seven patients had a major impact on their management. Unexpected (not seen on CT) findings in the CRM group included, 7/23 (30%) patients with extrahepatic disease, 3/23 with hepatic metastases, 8/23 suspected of having liver or distant metastases on CT had a negative study. A clinical decision, based on the CT-PET report, could be undertaken in 21/23 patients. CONCLUSION: CT-PET is useful in patients with CRM where conventional imaging presents dilemmas such as: assessment of suspected extrahepatic disease, recurrence in liver, patients with advanced or perforated initial tumours.     

Is it reasonable to consider second-line chemotherapy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer?

At present, no consensus exists regarding the use of second-line chemotherapy in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). A total of 23 patients with evidence of disease progression during or after first-line chemotherapy (epirubicin, etoposide, and dexamethasone) were included in this study. Two second-line treatments were administered throughout the study period (2000-2004) with 15/23 patients receiving carboplatin AUC 3 on day 1 and vinblastine 5 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle and 8/23 patients treated with docetaxel 50 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. The latter regimen has been used since 2003. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decreased by > or =50% in 3 of 23 patients, corresponding to an overall PSA response rate of 13% (95% confidence interval, 3-34%). The median time to biochemical progression was 9, 24 and 33 weeks, respectively. The median overall survival was 39 weeks (range, 15-73 weeks) with no difference between the two chemotherapy groups (p=0.08). A significant reduction of analgesic use was observed in 2 of 10 patients (20%) who required analgesics for cancer pain upon study entry. The major toxicity was grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 2 of 23 patients (9%). Both second-line treatments, a combination of carboplatin and vinblastine and a monotherapy with docetaxel, showed modest activity at subtoxic doses in patients with HRPC.     

Phase II study of mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer

A phase II study of mitoxantrone in cases of advanced breast cancer was conducted by a cooperative study group involving 7 institutions. Mitoxantrone was administered at doses of 10-12 mg/m2 at 3-4-week intervals. A total of 36 patients were entered and 31 were evaluable. There were 4 CRs (13%) and 3 PRs (10%) with an overall response rate of 23% and the durations of responses were between 6 and 25 weeks. Leukopenia was a dose-limiting effect of toxicity and occurred in all patients, while gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were mild.     

Report of novel chromosomal abnormalities in a series of 130 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients studied by classic cytogenetic analysis

One-hundred-and-thirty typical, unselected CLL cases were studied by conventional cytogenetic analysis. Seventy-three patients (56.2%) had normal karyotype ('normal sub-group'), while 57/130 patients (43.8%) had abnormal karyotype. Twenty-two of 57 patients (38.6%) carried more than one abnormality. Six novel chromosomal abnormalities were detected in five patients: (i) t(3;13)(q14;q34); (ii) t(Y;11)(q12;q23), del(13)(q12q14); (iii) dic(3;11)(p21;q23); (iv) t(3;5)(q29;q23); (v) t(3;22) (p21;q13); and (vi) t(1;13)(p12;q12). Three of five patients carrying novel translocations had progressive disease. The true biological and clinical significance of novel chromosomal abnormalities remains to be determined.